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UK GCSE 2009 : History - Revised , Foundation Tier, Paper 1

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education Paper 1 Foundation Tier [G4601] WEDNESDAY 27 MAY, MorNiNG G4601 History *G4601* 2009 For Examiner s use only Question Number Marks TiME Section A 2 hours. 1 iNSTrUCTioNS To CANDiDATES 3 Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer four questions. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section A. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section B. 4 2 5 6 7 8 9 iNForMATioN For CANDiDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Quality of written communication will be assessed in Part (c) of all questions. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Section B 10 11 12 13 14 15 Total Marks 4340 Answer four questions only. Section A Answer two questions from your chosen subject area. CoNTENTS pages 1 2 3 Chosen Subject Area Germany Pages 3 15 Germany The Weimar Republic Germany Nazi Germany Germany Nazi policy towards Europe 3 6 7 10 11 15 4 5 6 Chosen Subject Area russia Pages 16 27 Russia The Fall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolutions Russia Russia after the Revolution Russia Stalinist Russia 16 19 20 23 24 27 7 8 9 Chosen Subject Area USA Pages 28 39 USA 1920s America USA 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Depression USA Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 28 31 32 35 36 39 Section B Answer two questions from your chosen subject area. Chosen Subject Area Peace, War and Neutrality Pages 40 51 10 Peace, War and Neutrality Anglo-Irish Relationships before World War Two 11 Peace, War and Neutrality Experience of and Response to War 12 Peace, War and Neutrality Post-War Relationships 40 43 44 47 48 51 Chosen Subject Area Changing relationships Pages 52 63 13 Changing Relationships Northern Ireland in the 1960s 14 Changing Relationships Prelude to Direct Rule 15 Changing Relationships The Search for a Solution 52 55 56 59 60 63 4340 2 Section A Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either A1 Germany c1918 c1941 page 3 to page 15 or A2 Russia c1914 c1941 page 16 to page 27 or A3 United States of America c1918 c1941 page 28 to page 39. A1: Germany c1918 c1941. Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 1 This question is about the Weimar republic. (a) Below is a list of organisations associated with Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic: Spartacists Social Democrats Storm Troopers Nazi Party Freikorps Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Political party led by Friedrich Ebert Social Democrats ____________________ (ii) Group led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht (iii) Political party led by Adolf Hitler ______________________ [1] (iv) Group of ex-soldiers who took part in the Kapp Putsch ______________________ [1] (v) Group of supporters of Hitler known as the Brownshirts 4340 ______________________ [1] ______________________ [1] 3 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why the Munich Putsch failed. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two effects of the Munich Putsch on Hitler and the Nazis between 1924 and 1928. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Treaty of Versailles and its effects; or The Rise of the Nazis, 1929 1933. Either The Treaty of Versailles and its effects (i) Why did many groups in Germany oppose the Treaty of Versailles? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 4 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How was Germany affected by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] or The rise of the Nazis, 1929 1933 (i) Why did Germany suffer an economic depression after 1929? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 5 [Turn over (ii) How did each of the following help the Nazis to become the most popular political party in Germany by 1933? The response of the Weimar governments to the Depression, 1929 33. The actions of Hitler and the Nazis, 1929 33. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 4340 6 Examiner Only Marks Remark 2 This question is about life in Nazi Germany. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with Nazi Germany, 1933 39: Gestapo SS Concentration Camps Autarky Strength Through Joy Following the example given below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Nazi policy of self-sufficiency Autarky ______________________ (ii) Nazi organisation set up to control people s leisure time ______________________ [1] (iii) Nazi secret police ______________________ [1] (iv) Places where enemies of the Nazis were sent ______________________ [1] (v) Hitler s personal bodyguards ______________________ [1] (b) (i) Give one method used by the Nazis to control young people in Germany between 1933 and 1939. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 4340 7 [Turn over (ii) Describe two ways in which Nazi policies affected the lives of Jews in Germany between 1933 and 1939. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Women and churches in Nazi Germany, 1933 1939; or Life of workers in Nazi Germany, 1933 1939. Either Women and churches in Nazi Germany, 1933 1939 (i) Why did the Nazis want to control each of the following between 1933 and 1939? Women Churches _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 8 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) What methods did the Nazis use to control each of the following between 1933 and 1939? Examiner Only Marks Remark Women Churches _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] or Life of workers in Nazi Germany, 1933 1939 (i) Why did the number of unemployed people in Germany fall between 1933 and 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 9 [Turn over (ii) How were the lives of workers in Germany affected by Nazi policies between 1933 and 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 4340 10 Examiner Only Marks Remark 3 This question is about Nazi policy towards Europe. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of terms associated with Nazi policy towards Europe between 1933 and 1941: League of Nations Chamberlain Sudetenland Von Ribbentrop Appeasement Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) German Foreign Minister in 1939 Von ribbentrop ______________________ (ii) British policy towards Germany from 1935 to 1939 ______________________ [1] (iii) Organisation which Germany left in 1933 ______________________ [1] (iv) Area of Czechoslovakia where many German speakers lived ______________________ [1] (v) British Prime Minister who attended the Munich Conference ______________________ [1] (b) (i) Give one of Hitler s foreign policy aims from 1933 to 1941. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 4340 11 [Turn over (ii) Describe two ways in which Hitler had built up Germany s armed forces by 1935. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Rhineland and Austria; or Poland and Russia. Either The rhineland and Austria (i) Why did Hitler want to break the terms of the Treaty of Versailles which dealt with each of the following? The Rhineland Austria _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 12 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How was Hitler able to break the terms of the Treaty of Versailles which dealt with each of the following? Examiner Only Marks Remark The Rhineland Austria _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 4340 13 [Turn over or Poland and russia Examiner Only Marks (i) Why did Hitler want to invade each of the following? Poland Russia _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 14 Remark (ii) How was Hitler able to invade each of the following? Examiner Only Marks Remark Poland Russia _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section A1 Germany c1918 c1941 4340 15 [Turn over A2: russia c1914 c1941. Examiner Only Marks Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 4 This question is about the fall of Tsarism and the 1917 revolutions. (a) Below is a list of names associated with the October Revolution: Tauride Palace Smolny Institute Kerensky Aurora Petrograd Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Ship that helped the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution Aurora ______________________ (ii) Headquarters of the Provisional Government in the October Revolution ______________________ [1] (iii) Capital city of Russia in 1917 ______________________ [1] (iv) Headquarters of the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution ______________________ [1] (v) Leader of the Provisional Government in October 1917 ______________________ [1] (b) (i) Give one event of the February Revolution of 1917. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 4340 16 Remark (ii) Give two reasons why the Russian army was defeated in World War One. Examiner Only Marks Remark 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Downfall of Tsar Nicholas II; or The Downfall of the Provisional Government. Either The Downfall of Tsar Nicholas ii (i) Why were Tsarina Alexandra and Rasputin unpopular in Russia by 1916? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 17 [Turn over (ii) How did World War One affect the economy and the lives of peasants and city workers in Russia by 1916? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] or The Downfall of the Provisional Government (i) Why did the weaknesses and mistakes of the Provisional Government lead to its downfall in October 1917? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 18 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the actions of Lenin and the Bolsheviks lead to the overthrow of the Provisional Government in October 1917? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 4340 19 [Turn over 5 This question is about russia after the revolution. Examiner Only Marks (a) Below is a list of names associated with the Civil War: Tambov Greens Ekaterinburg France Kronstadt Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Country which sent troops against France the Bolsheviks in the Civil War ______________________ (ii) Naval base in Petrograd ______________________ [1] (iii) Area where peasants rebelled against the Bolsheviks in the Civil War ______________________ [1] (iv) The town where the Tsar and his family were killed in 1918 ______________________ [1] (v) Non-Russian groups which fought against the Bolsheviks ______________________ [1] (b) (i) Give one reason why War Communism was introduced in Russia in 1918. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 4340 20 Remark (ii) Describe one effect of War Communism on the lives of each of the following: Examiner Only Marks Remark Peasants Workers Peasants ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Workers ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [4] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Bolshevik control and the Civil War; or The New Economic Policy. Either Bolshevik control and the Civil War (i) Why did the Red Army win the Civil War? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 21 [Turn over (ii) What actions did the Bolsheviks take to keep control of Russia from the October Revolution until the outbreak of the Civil War? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] or The New Economic Policy (i) Why was the New Economic Policy introduced by the Bolsheviks in 1921? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 22 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the New Economic Policy affect the lives of peasants and workers by 1924? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 4340 23 [Turn over 6 This question is about Stalinist russia. Examiner Only Marks (a) Below is a list of names associated with Stalin s control of the USSR in the 1930s: Kirov Mexico Gulags NKVD Purges Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Country where Trotsky was killed in 1939 (ii) Labour camps where millions of Russians were sent in the 1930s ______________________ [1] (iii) Leading Communist politician who was killed in 1934 ______________________ [1] (iv) Killing of the main political and military leaders in the 1930s ______________________ [1] (v) Secret police who carried out Stalin s plans 4340 Mexico ______________________ ______________________ [1] 24 Remark (b) (i) Give one reason why Stalin introduced the Five Year Plans in 1928. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two effects of the Five Year Plans on Russia s industry and the lives of workers by 1941. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Collectivisation; or Stalin s rise to power and relations with Germany. Either Collectivisation (i) Why did Stalin introduce Collectivisation of agriculture in 1929? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 25 [Turn over (ii) How did Collectivisation affect agriculture and the lives of peasants in the USSR by 1941? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] or Stalin s rise to power and relations with Germany (i) Why did relations between the USSR and Germany change between 1939 and 1941? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 26 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How and why did Stalin gain control of the USSR by 1929? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section A2 russia c1914 c1941 4340 27 [Turn over A3: United States of America c1918 c1941. Examiner Only Marks Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 7 This question is about the main features of life in America in the 1920s. (a) Below is a list of terms associated with the experiences of Black Americans and immigrants in the USA in the 1920s: Clara Bow KKK Lynching Ghettos Rudolph Valentino Following the example below, match each term to the correct description: (i) Parts of cities where most Black Americans and immigrants lived (ii) Secret society that killed many Black Americans in the 1920s ______________________ [1] (iii) Famous female star in the 1920s ______________________ [1] (iv) Public hanging of Black Americans without trial ______________________ [1] (v) Male film star who died in 1926 4340 Ghettos ______________________ ______________________ [1] 28 Remark (b) (i) Give one reason why some Americans opposed jazz music in the 1920s. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Give two effects of the cinema on lifestyle in the USA in the 1920s. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Prohibition; or The Economic Boom. Either Prohibition (i) Why did some Americans support and some oppose the introduction of Prohibition in 1920? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 29 [Turn over (ii) What were the effects of Prohibition on life in the USA in the 1920s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] or The Economic Boom (i) Why did the USA experience an economic boom in the 1920s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 30 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the economic boom affect the lives of Americans in the 1920s? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 4340 31 [Turn over 8 This question is about the 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Depression. (a) Below is a list of terms associated with the effects of the Depression: HawleySmoot Act Sharecroppers Overproduction The Bonus Army Laissez Faire Following the example below, match the term to the correct description: (i) Tariffs on imports which doubled in 1930 (ii) Republican belief of no interference by the Federal government in the economy ______________________ [1] (iii) Black farmers who worked in the cotton plantations in return for renting a small plot of land ______________________ [1] (iv) Result of farmers producing more food than Americans could use ______________________ [1] (v) A group of former soldiers who went to Washington to ask Hoover for help in 1932 4340 Hawley-Smoot Act ______________________ ______________________ [1] 32 Examiner Only Marks Remark (b) (i) Give one reason why farmers in the Mid-West experienced problems in the 1930s. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two effects of the Depression on the lives of the unemployed in the 1930s. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Wall Street Crash; or Hoover and the Depression. Either The Wall Street Crash (i) Why did the Wall Street Crash take place in October 1929? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 33 [Turn over (ii) How did the Wall Street Crash lead to a collapse in the American economy by 1932? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] or Hoover and the Depression (i) Why did Roosevelt defeat Hoover in the election for President in 1932? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 34 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did Hoover deal with the effects of the Depression on industry and the unemployed? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 4340 35 [Turn over 9 This question is about roosevelt and the New Deal. Examiner Only Marks (a) Below is a list of terms associated with Roosevelt s Hundred Days: Beer Act Relief, Recovery and Reform Fireside Chats Emergency Banking Act Civilian Works Administration Following the example below, match each term to the correct description: (i) Plan to regulate banking (ii) Law which ended Prohibition ______________________ [1] (iii) Plan to offer emergency work to the unemployed ______________________ [1] (iv) Roosevelt s weekly radio broadcasts to the American people ______________________ [1] (v) Roosevelt s beliefs about dealing with the Depression 4340 Emergency Banking Act ______________________ ______________________ [1] 36 Remark (b) (i) Give one reason why unemployment in the USA decreased rapidly after 1939. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Give two actions taken by the Civilian Conservation Corps to improve conditions in the USA in the 1930s. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Opposition to the New Deal; or The New Deal: Industry and Agriculture. Either opposition to the New Deal (i) Why did some groups in the USA oppose the New Deal? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 37 [Turn over (ii) How did some groups oppose Roosevelt s New Deal between 1933 and 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] or The New Deal: industry and Agriculture (i) Why did employers and workers in the USA differ in their views towards Roosevelt s New Deal agencies? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 38 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the New Deal agencies help agriculture and the problems faced by farmers and sharecroppers in the 1930s? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section A3 United States of America c1918 c1941 End of Section A 4340 39 [Turn over Section B Examiner Only Marks Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either B1 Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949 page 40 to page 51 or B2 Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985 page 52 to page 63. B1: Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern ireland and ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949. Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 10 This question is about Anglo-irish relationships before World War Two. (a) Below is a list of words associated with Anglo-Irish relationships before World War Two: Cobh Douglas Hyde Lord Craigavon Dail Eireann Stormont Following the example below, match each word to the correct description. (i) One of the Treaty ports (ii) Prime Minister of Northern Ireland in 1939 ______________________ [1] (iii) First President of Eire ______________________ [1] (iv) Location of the Northern Ireland Parliament ______________________ [1] (v) Parliament of the Irish Free State 4340 Cobh ______________________ ______________________ [1] 40 Remark (b) (i) Give one reason for the outbreak of the Economic War between Eire and Britain. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two results of the end of the Economic War in 1938. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Years leading up to the outbreak of World War Two; or The Declaration of War. Either The Years leading up to the outbreak of World War Two (i) Why did Britain follow a policy of appeasement towards Hitler in the 1930s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 41 [Turn over (ii) How did Britain and Northern Ireland prepare for war from 1938 onwards? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] or The Declaration of War (i) Why did Britain declare war on Germany in 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 42 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did Northern Ireland and Eire respond to the outbreak of war in 1939? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 4340 43 [Turn over 11 This question is about the experience of and response to War. Examiner Only Marks (a) Below is a list of words associated with the experience of war: Internment Local Defence Volunteers Rationing Castle Archdale Hitler Following the example below, match each word to the correct description: (i) Organisation which defended Eire Local Defence Volunteers ______________________ (ii) A means of controlling prices and supplies ______________________ [1] (iii) A flying-boat base in Fermanagh ______________________ [1] (iv) Leader of Germany during World War Two ______________________ [1] (v) Measure introduced to control the activities of the IRA during World War Two ______________________ [1] (b) (i) Give one example of how Eire followed a policy of neutrality during World War Two. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 4340 44 Remark (ii) Describe one way in which each of the following in Northern Ireland helped the British war effort. Examiner Only Marks Remark Naval bases Air bases Naval bases ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] Air bases______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Preparations for War; or Experiences of War. Either Preparations for War (i) Why did some people support, and others oppose, the introduction of conscription in Northern Ireland? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 45 [Turn over (ii) How did Britain and Northern Ireland prepare to defend themselves against invasion? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] or Experiences of War (i) Explain the effects of World War Two on the lives of people in Eire. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 46 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did World War Two affect the lives of people in Northern Ireland? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 4340 47 [Turn over 12 This question is about Post-War relationships. Examiner Only Marks (a) Below is a list of names associated with post-war relations: Sir Basil Brooke Winston Churchill Education Act National Health Service Lord Beveridge Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Northern Ireland Prime Minister in 1945 Sir Basil Brooke ______________________ (ii) British leader who criticised Eire s neutrality ______________________ [1] (iii) Gave free health care for all ______________________ [1] (iv) Provided free secondary education ______________________ [1] (v) His report helped to introduce the Welfare State ______________________ [1] (b) (i) Give one reason why some people in Northern Ireland opposed the (b) introduction of the Welfare State. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 4340 48 Remark (ii) Give two ways in which living standards in Eire differed from those in Northern Ireland between 1945 and 1949. Examiner Only Marks Remark 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Welfare State; or Relationships between Britain and Eire after World War Two. Either The Welfare State (i) Why did people in Britain and Northern Ireland support the introduction of the Welfare State? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 49 [Turn over (ii) How did the Welfare State change the lives of people in Britain and Northern Ireland? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] or relationships between Britain and Eire after World War Two (i) Why did relations between Britain and Eire worsen in the years after World War Two? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 50 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How were relations between Britain, Northern Ireland and Eire affected by the Declaration of the Republic and the Ireland Act of 1949? Examiner Only Marks Remark Britain and Northern Ireland ______________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Britain and Eire ________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Northern Ireland and Eire ________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section B1 Peace, War and Neutrality c1932 c1949 4340 51 [Turn over B2: Changing relationships: Britain, Northern ireland and ireland c1965 c1985. Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 13 This question is about Northern ireland in the 1960s. (a) Below is a list of names associated with Northern Ireland in the 1960s. People s Democracy Burntollet Caledon Unionist Party Coleraine Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Housing protest was held here in 1968 (ii) O Neill was a member of this organisation ______________________ [1] (iii) New university was set up here ______________________ [1] (iv) Violence between civil rights marchers and their opponents took place here in January 1969 ______________________ [1] (v) Bernadette Devlin was a leading member of this group 4340 Caledon ______________________ ______________________ [1] 52 Examiner Only Marks Remark (b) (i) Give one action taken by unionists to oppose O Neill and his policies. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe how O Neill tried to improve the Northern Ireland economy in the 1960s. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [4] (c) Choose one of the following: Either O Neill s policies towards nationalists in Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic; or Civil Rights marches. Either relations with nationalists in Northern ireland and the republic of ireland (i) Why did many unionists oppose O Neill s attempts to improve relations with the Republic of Ireland? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 53 [Turn over (ii) What actions did O Neill take to improve relations with each of the following? Nationalists in Northern Ireland ___________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ The Republic of Ireland _________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 4340 54 Examiner Only Marks Remark or Civil rights marches Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Why was the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association formed in 1967? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] (ii) In what ways did the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association and the People s Democracy attempt to gain civil rights for people in Northern Ireland? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 4340 55 [Turn over 14 This question is about the prelude to Direct rule. Examiner Only Marks (a) Below is a list of names associated with Northern Ireland between 1969 and 1972. The UDA Lord Hunt Brian Faulkner Belfast Ian Paisley Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) He released a report on policing in Northern Ireland in 1969 (ii) Violence broke out here in August 1969 ______________________ [1] (iii) Prime Minister of Northern Ireland in 1972 ______________________ [1] (iv) Became MP for North Antrim in 1970 ______________________ [1] (v) Loyalist paramilitary organisation 4340 Lord Hunt ______________________ ______________________ [1] 56 Remark (b) (i) Give one reason for the introduction of internment in 1971. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two ways in which nationalists in Northern Ireland responded to the introduction of internment. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The breakdown of law and order and the increase in violence; or The IRA and new political parties. Either The breakdown of law and order and the increase in violence (i) Why did nationalists respond with anger to the events of Bloody Sunday? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 57 [Turn over (ii) How did violence increase in Northern Ireland during the summer of 1969? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] or The irA and new political parties (i) Why did the Provisional IRA emerge in Northern Ireland between 1969 and 1970? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 58 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How and why did the following new political parties emerge in Northern Ireland between 1970 and 1972? Examiner Only Marks Remark The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) ______________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ The Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) _____________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ The Alliance Party ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] 4340 59 [Turn over 15 This question is about the search for a solution. Examiner Only Marks (a) Below is a list of names associated with Northern Ireland between 1972 and 1985: Gerry Adams Hillsborough Margaret Thatcher FermanaghSouth Tyrone The DUP Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Bobby Sands won an election here in 1981 (ii) British Prime Minister during the Hunger Strikes ______________________ [1] (iii) The Anglo-Irish Agreement was signed here ______________________ [1] (iv) Sinn Fein politician ______________________ [1] (v) Political party which opposed the Anglo-Irish Agreement 4340 Fermanagh-South Tyrone ______________________ ______________________ [1] 60 Remark (b) (i) Give one reason why many unionists were against power-sharing. (b) Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two methods used by unionists to oppose power-sharing. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Hunger Strikes; or Direct Rule. Either The Hunger Strikes (i) Why did republican prisoners go on hunger strike in 1980 and 1981? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 61 [Turn over (ii) How did nationalists and unionists respond to the Hunger Strike of 1981? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] or Direct rule (i) Explain why the British government decided to introduce Direct Rule in Northern Ireland in 1972. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] 4340 62 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) In what ways did unionists and nationalists react to the introduction of Direct Rule to Northern Ireland in 1972? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section B2 Changing relationships c1965 c1985 End of Section B THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER 4340 63 Examiner Only Marks Remark T63551/7

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