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UK GCSE 2006 : History - Revised , Foundation Tier, Paper 1

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ERRATUM NOTICE General Certificate of Secondary Education History Paper 1 Foundation Tier [G4601] Wednesday 31 May, Morning INSTRUCTION TO INVIGILATOR Before the start of the examination please ask candidates to amend their question paper as follows: Please turn to page 62 of your question paper. (Pause) Go to the 4th line from the bottom of the page.. (Pause) This reads End of question 12. (Pause) This should read End of question 15 (Pause) Repeat Please turn to page 62 of your question paper. (Pause) Go to the 4th line from the bottom of the page.. (Pause) This reads End of question 12. (Pause) This should read End of question 15 (Pause) Please make this change now. This is the end of the announcement. Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2006 Paper 1 Foundation Tier G4601 History [G4601] WEDNESDAY 31 MAY, MORNING For Examiner s use only Question Number Marks TIME Section A 2 hours. 1 2 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 3 Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer four questions. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section A. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section B. If needed, you can ask for more sheets to finish your answers. Please attach these sheets to your booklet using the tag supplied. 4 5 6 7 8 9 Section B INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES 10 The total mark for this paper is 100. Quality of written communication will be assessed in Part (c) of all questions. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. 11 12 13 14 15 Total Marks G461F6 1584 Answer four questions only. Section A Answer two questions from your chosen subject area. CONTENTS pages 1 2 3 Chosen Subject Area Germany Pages 3 14 Germany The Weimar Republic Germany Nazi Germany Germany Nazi policy towards Europe 3 6 7 10 11 14 4 5 6 Chosen Subject Area Russia Pages 15 26 Russia The Fall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolutions Russia Russia after the Revolution Russia Stalinist Russia 15 18 19 22 23 26 7 8 9 Chosen Subject Area USA Pages 27 38 USA 1920s America USA 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Depression USA Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 27 30 31 34 35 38 Section B Answer two question from your chosen subject area. Chosen Subject Area Peace, War and Neutrality Pages 39 50 10 Peace, War and Neutrality Anglo-Irish Relationships before World War Two 11 Peace, War and Neutrality Experience of and Response to War 12 Peace, War and Neutrality Post-War Relationships 39 42 43 46 47 50 Chosen Subject Area Changing Relationships Pages 51 62 13 Changing Relationships Northern Ireland in the 1960s 14 Changing Relationships Prelude to Direct Rule 15 Changing Relationships The Search for a Solution 51 54 55 58 59 62 G461F6 1584 2 Section A Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either A1 Germany c1918 c1941 page 3 to page 14 Or A2 Russia c1916-c1941 page 15 to page 26 Or A3 United States of America c1918 c1941 page 27 to page 38. A1: Germany c1918 c1941. Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 1 This question is about the Weimar Republic. (a) Below is a list of names associated with events in Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic: Sturm Abteilung Munich Putsch Treaty of Versailles Spartacists Mein Kampf Following the example given below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Nazi private army used against opponents Sturm Abteilung ______________________ (ii) Book containing Hitler s main ideas ______________________ [1] (iii) Communists who opposed the new Weimar Republic in 1919 ______________________ [1] (iv) The peace treaty signed by Germany in June 1919 (v) A Nazi attempt to seize power in 1923 G461F6 ______________________ [1] ______________________ [1] 1584 3 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one weakness of the Weimar Constitution. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Give two reasons why the Weimar Republic was unpopular with many Germans. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Hyperinflation Crisis of 1923; Or The Collapse of the Weimar Republic, 1929 to 1933. Either The Hyperinflation Crisis of 1923. (i) Why was there hyperinflation in Germany in 1923? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 4 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did Germany recover from the economic problems created by the Hyperinflation Crisis of 1923? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Collapse of the Weimar Republic, 1929 to 1933. (i) Why did the Wall Street Crash cause problems for the Weimar Republic? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 5 [Turn over (ii) How did support for the Nazis change between 1929 and 1933? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Question 1 G461F6 1584 6 Examiner Only Marks Remark 2 This question is about Nazi Germany. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with Nazi Germany between 1933 1939: Nuremburg Laws Heinrich Himmler League of German Maidens Hermann Goering DAF Following the example given below, match each term to the correct description: (i) An organisation set up to provide work for Germans (ii) Nazi leader in charge of the Luftwaffe ______________________ [1] (iii) Nazi leader who was in charge of the SS ______________________ [1] (iv) A Nazi organisation for young people ______________________ [1] (v) These meant that Jews were no longer German citizens G461F6 DAF ______________________ ______________________ [1] 1584 7 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Hitler ordered the Night of the Long Knives. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two ways in which Hitler tried to increase his power during 1933. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Nazi policies towards women and young people; Or The German economy under the Nazis. Either Nazi policies towards women and young people. (i) Why did the Nazis want to control the lives of women and young people in Germany? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 8 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the lives of women and young people change in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1939? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The German economy under the Nazis. (i) Why did unemployment fall in Germany between 1933 and 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 9 [Turn over (ii) How did the lives of workers in Germany change between 1933 and 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Question 2 G461F6 1584 10 Examiner Only Marks Remark 3 This question is about Nazi policy towards Europe. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with Nazi policy towards Europe between 1933 and 1941: Disarmament Conference Russia Austria lebensraum Benito Mussolini Following the example below, match each term to the correct description: (i) Conference which Hitler left in 1933 (ii) Leader who signed the Rome-Berlin Axis with Hitler ______________________ [1] (iii) The Nazis wanted more of this in Eastern Europe ______________________ [1] (iv) Country whose Chancellor was assassinated by Nazi supporters in 1934 ______________________ [1] (v) Country led by Joseph Stalin G461F6 Disarmament Conference ______________________ ______________________ [1] 1584 11 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Hitler decided to invade Russia in 1941. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe how Hitler broke the Treaty of Versailles between 1933 and 1936. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [4] (c) (i) Choose one of the following: Either The Takeover of the Sudetenland 1938; Or The Takeover of Austria 1938. Either The Takeover of the Sudetenland 1938. (i) Why did Hitler want to take over the Sudetenland? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 12 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How was Hitler able to take over the Sudetenland in 1938? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Takeover of Austria 1938. (i) Why did Hitler want to take over Austria? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 13 [Turn over (ii) How was Hitler able to take control of Austria in 1938? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Question 3 End of Section A1 Germany c1918 c1941 G461F6 1584 14 Examiner Only Marks Remark A2: Russia c1916 c1941. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 4 This question is about the fall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolutions. (a) Below is a list of names associated with events in Russia in 1917: Tauride Palace Smolny Institute Dual Power Duma Red Guard Following the example below, match each term to the correct description: (i) Headquarters of the Provisional Government in 1917 (ii) Armed supporters of the Bolsheviks ______________________ [1] (iii) Headquarters of the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution ______________________ [1] (iv) Relationship between the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet ______________________ [1] (v) Most of the Provisional Government were members of this G461F6 Tauride Palace ______________________ ______________________ [1] 1584 15 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason for the defeat of the Russian army in World War One. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe the role of each of the following in the February Revolution. Unrest in Petrograd _____________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] The Army ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either World War One and Russia; Or The Bolsheviks. Either World War One. (i) Why were Tsar Nicholas and Alexandra unpopular in Russia by 1916? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 16 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How were the lives of peasants and workers in Russia affected by World War One? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Bolsheviks. (i) Why were each of the following important for the Bolsheviks in 1917? July Days _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] Kornilov Revolt _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] G461F6 1584 17 [Turn over (ii) How did the policies and actions of Lenin help the Bolsheviks to seize power in Russia in October 1917? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Question 4 G461F6 1584 18 Examiner Only Marks Remark 5 This question is about Russia after the Revolution. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names linked to Bolshevik control in Russia between 1917 and 1924: Trotsky Ukraine Cheka Tambov Nepmen Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Province of Russia where peasants rebelled against the Bolsheviks Tambov between 1920 and 1921 ______________________ (ii) Private businessmen who became rich after 1921 ______________________ [1] (iii) Commander of the Red Army in the Civil War ______________________ [1] (iv) Area of Russia lost to Germany in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ______________________ [1] (v) Name given to the Bolshevik secret police G461F6 1584 ______________________ [1] 19 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason for the Kronstadt Mutiny of March 1921. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe one effect of the New Economic Policy on each of the following groups Peasants ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] City Workers __________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Civil War and its Effects; Or Bolshevik Control in Russia. Either The Civil War and its Effects. (i) Why was the White Army defeated by the Red Army in the Russian Civil War? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 20 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did War Communism affect the lives of workers and peasants in Russia between 1918 and 1921? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Bolshevik Control in Russia. (i) Why were the following used by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil war? War Communism ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] The Red Terror ________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] G461F6 1584 21 [Turn over (ii) What were the effects of Bolshevik rule on Russia from the October Revolution to the beginning of the Russian Civil War in 1918? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Question 5 G461F6 1584 22 Examiner Only Marks Remark 6 This question is about Stalinist Russia. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names linked to the USSR s relations with Germany between 1939 and 1941: Molotov Barbarossa Von Ribbentrop Poland Urals Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) German Foreign Minister who signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact (ii) Country that the USSR and Germany had secretly agreed to divide up in the Nazi-Soviet Pact ______________________ [1] (iii) Stalin moved Russian factories east of these mountains in 1941 ______________________ [1] (iv) Codename for the German invasion on the USSR in 1941 ______________________ [1] (v) Foreign Minister of the USSR, 1939 1941 G461F6 Von Ribbentrop ______________________ ______________________ [1] 1584 23 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Trotsky failed to become leader of the USSR after Lenin s death in 1924. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Give two reasons why Stalin became leader of the USSR by 1929. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Changes in Agriculture; The Great Terror and Industry. Or Either Changes in Agriculture. (i) Why did Stalin make changes to agriculture in Russia in 1928? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 24 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did collectivisation affect Russian agriculture and the lives of peasants between 1928 and 1941? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Great Terror and Industry. (i) Why did the Great Terror increase Stalin s control over the USSR in the 1930s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 25 [Turn over (ii) How did the Five Year Plans affect industry and the lives of workers in Russia by 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Question 6 End of Section A2 Russia c1916 c1941 G461F6 1584 26 Examiner Only Marks Remark A3: United States of America c1918 c1941. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 7 This question is about the main features of life in 1920s America. (a) Below is a list of names associated with the cinema in USA in the 1920s: Clara Bow The Jazz Singer The Hays Code Hollywood Rudolf Valentino Following the example below, match each term to the correct description: (i) Attempts to control behaviour in movies (ii) First Talkie film ______________________ [1] (iii) Male film star who died in 1926 ______________________ [1] (iv) Famous female star in the 1920s ______________________ [1] (v) Headquarters of the film industry in the 1920s G461F6 The Hays Code ______________________ ______________________ [1] 1584 27 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why immigrants were not welcomed by some Americans in the 1920s. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two ways in which the position of women in the USA changed in the 1920s. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Lifestyle Changes and Black Americans; Or Prohibition and the Economic Boom. Either Lifestyle Changes and Black Americans. (i) Why did Americans have differing attitudes towards Jazz music and dance in the USA in the 1920s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 28 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) In what ways did Black Americans face problems in the USA in the 1920s? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Prohibition and the Economic Boom. (i) Why did Americans have differing attitudes towards Prohibition in the 1920s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 29 [Turn over (ii) What were the effects of the motor car and consumer goods on the American economy and the lives of Americans in the 1920s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Question 7 G461F6 1584 30 Examiner Only Marks Remark 8 This question is about the 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Depression. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names linked to the effects of the Depression on the USA: Hoovervilles Bonus Army Black Thursday A New Deal Prosperity is just around the corner Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Slogan used by Hoover to play down the seriousness of the Depression (ii) Group of former soldiers who organised a protest in Washington in 1932 ______________________ [1] (iii) Slogan used by Roosevelt in election campaign ______________________ [1] (iv) Where homeless people lived during the Depression ______________________ [1] (v) Day when the value of shares on the Stock Exchange in New York collapsed G461F6 Prosperity is just around the corner ______________________ ______________________ [1] 1584 31 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one of Hoover s beliefs about the role of government in dealing with the effects of the Depression. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Give two actions taken by President Hoover to help Americans during the Depression. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Wall Street Crash and its Effects; Or Effects of the Depression and Election of Roosevelt. Either Wall Street Crash and its Effects. (i) What were the causes of the Wall Street Crash of October 1929? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 32 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the Wall Street Crash lead to poverty and unemployment in the USA by 1932? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Effects of the Depression and the Election of Roosevelt. (i) Why did Roosevelt win the election for President in 1932? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 33 [Turn over (ii) How were the lives of farmers and sharecroppers affected by the Depression? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Question 8 G461F6 1584 34 Examiner Only Marks Remark 9 This question is about Roosevelt and the New Deal. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with the New Deal: Civilian Conservation Corps Social Wagner Act Security Act Blue Eagle The Hundred Days Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Provided state pensions to people over 65 (ii) Symbol of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) ______________________ [1] (iii) Provided work for young unemployed men in the USA ______________________ [1] (iv) Period in 1933 when most New Deal Agencies were set up ______________________ [1] (v) Gave trade unions in the USA more power G461F6 Social Security Act ______________________ ______________________ [1] 1584 35 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Roosevelt started the fireside chats . _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two actions taken by the AAA to improve conditions for agriculture and farmers in the USA between 1933 and 1939. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Tennessee Valley Authority and Opposition to the New Deal; Or The Problem of Unemployment and Opposition to the New Deal. Either The Tennessee Valley Authority and Opposition to the New Deal. (i) Why did the following groups oppose the New Deal? The Supreme Court _____________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] Big Business __________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] G461F6 1584 36 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the Tennessee Valley Authority improve conditions in the USA between 1933 and 1939? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Problem of Unemployment and Opposition to the New Deal. (i) Why did each of the following oppose the New Deal? The Republican Party ___________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] Huey Long and Dr Townsend _____________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] G461F6 1584 37 [Turn over (ii) How did the New Deal try to solve the problem of unemployment between 1933 and 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Question 9 End of Section A3 United States of America c1918 c1941 End of Section A G461F6 1584 38 Examiner Only Marks Remark Section B Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either B1 Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949 page 39 to page 50 Or B2 Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985 page 51 to page 62. B1: Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949. Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 10 This question is about Anglo-Irish relationships before World War Two. (a) Below is a list of words associated with Anglo-Irish relationships on the eve of World War Two: Eamon de Valera neutral Neville Lord Chamberlain Craigavon Sudetenland Following the example below, match each word to the correct description: (i) An area of Czechoslovakia Sudetenland occupied by Nazi Germany in 1938 ______________________ (ii) British Prime Minister in 1938 ______________________ [1] (iii) Northern Ireland Prime Minister in 1938 ______________________ [1] (iv) A word used to describe a country which does not take part in a war ______________________ [1] (v) Leader of the Eire government in 1938 G461F6 1584 ______________________ [1] 39 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why de Valera wanted to change the Anglo-Irish Treaty. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two ways in which the Anglo-Irish Treaty was changed by de Valera by 1939. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Economic War between 1933 and 1938; Or Responses to the Threat of War. Either The Economic War between 1933 and 1938. (i) Why was there an Economic War between Eire and Britain from 1933 to 1938? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 40 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the Economic War affect Britain, Northern Ireland and Eire? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Responses to the Threat of War. (i) Why did Eire remain neutral when World War Two broke out in 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 41 [Turn over (ii) How did Northern Ireland and Britain respond to the threat of war from 1938 onwards? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Question 10 G461F6 1584 42 Examiner Only Marks Remark 11 This question is about the Experience of and Response to War. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of words associated with the experience of war within Northern Ireland: Harland and Wolff Castle Archdale Short and Harland John Andrews smuggling Following the example below, match each term to the correct description: (i) A flying-boat base in Fermanagh (ii) Taking goods across the border without paying customs duties ______________________ [1] (iii) Prime Minister of Northern Ireland after Lord Craigavon ______________________ [1] (iv) An aircraft factory in Belfast ______________________ [1] (v) A shipbuilding firm in Belfast G461F6 Castle Archdale ______________________ ______________________ [1] 1584 43 [Turn over (b) (i) Describe one way in which the Eire government responded to the Belfast Blitz in 1941. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Give two reasons why Britain was able to defend itself from German invasion during World War Two. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Northern Ireland s Experience during World War Two; Or Eire s Experience during World War Two. Either Northern Ireland s Experience during World War Two. (i) Why was Northern Ireland s agriculture and industry important to the war effort? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 44 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did Northern Ireland help the British military effort during World War Two? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Eire s Experience during World War Two. (i) Why did the British government try to persuade Eire to enter the war against Germany? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 45 [Turn over (ii) In what ways did Eire follow a policy of neutrality during World War Two? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Question 11 G461F6 1584 46 Examiner Only Marks Remark 12 This question is about Post-War Relationships. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of words associated with the post World War relationships: Ireland Act Sir Basil Brooke Housing Trust 5th July 1948 Stormont Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) The National Health Service began 5th July 1948 on this date ______________________ (ii) Act which declared the Irish Republic in 1949 (iii) Northern Ireland Parliament ______________________ [1] (iv) Northern Ireland Prime Minister in 1945 ______________________ [1] (v) This was established to deal with Northern Ireland s housing problem G461F6 ______________________ [1] ______________________ [1] 1584 47 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why the Welfare State was introduced in Northern Ireland. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Give two reasons why many people in Northern Ireland supported the introduction of the Welfare State. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Welfare State; Relationships between Britain and Eire after World War Two. Or Either The Welfare State. (i) Why did the standard of living in Northern Ireland differ from that of Eire between 1945 and 1949? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 48 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the introduction of the Welfare State change housing and education in Britain and Northern Ireland? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Relations between Britain and Eire after World War Two. (i) Why did relations between Britain and Eire worsen after the World War Two? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 49 [Turn over (ii) How did people in Northern Ireland and Britain react to the Declaration of the Republic and the Ireland Act 1949? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Question 12 End of Section B1 Peace, War and Neutrality c1932 c1949 G461F6 1584 50 Examiner Only Marks Remark B2: Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 13 This is a question about Northern Ireland in the 1960s. (a) Below is a list of places associated with events in Northern Ireland in the 1960s: Stormont Caledon Coleraine Craigavon Burntollet Bridge Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Austin Currie led a housing protest Caledon here ______________________ (ii) The decision to build a new university here led to protests ______________________ [1] (iii) The Government of Northern Ireland met here ______________________ [1] (iv) A People s Democracy march was attacked here by loyalists ______________________ [1] (v) The Unionist Government built a new city here in the 1960s G461F6 1584 ______________________ [1] 51 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why O Neill resigned as Prime Minister of Northern Ireland in 1969. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two actions taken by O Neill to improve the economy of Northern Ireland in the 1960s. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either O Neill s attempts to improve relations with northern nationalists and the Republic of Ireland; Or The Civil Rights Movement. Either O Neill s attempts to improve relations with northern nationalists and the Republic of Ireland. (i) Explain why O Neill attempted to improve relations with northern nationalists and the Republic of Ireland during the 1960s. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 52 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) In what ways did O Neill try to improve relations with northern nationalists and the Republic of Ireland during the 1960s? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Civil Rights Movement. (i) Why was the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association formed in 1967? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 53 [Turn over (ii) How did nationalists and unionists in Northern Ireland respond to the Civil Rights Movement in the years 1968 1969? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Question 13 G461F6 1584 54 Examiner Only Marks Remark 14 This question is about the prelude to Direct Rule. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with events leading to the introduction of Direct Rule: Bernadette Devlin Brian Faulkner Sean Mac Stiof in Edward Heath Gerry Fitt Following the example below, match each name to the description: (i) British Prime Minister at the time of Bloody Sunday (ii) Chief-of-staff of the Provisional IRA ______________________ [1] (iii) A People s Democracy leader involved in the Battle of the Bogside ______________________ [1] (iv) First leader of the SDLP ______________________ [1] (v) Prime Minister of Northern Ireland when Direct Rule was introduced G461F6 Edward Heath ______________________ ______________________ [1] 1584 55 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why internment was introduced in August 1971. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two nationalist reactions to the introduction of internment. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Breakdown of Law and Order in Northern Ireland; Or The Emergence of new Political Parties. Either The Breakdown of Law and Order in Northern Ireland. (i) Why was there a breakdown of law and order in Northern Ireland by August 1969? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 56 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did nationalists and unionists respond to the arrival of British troops in Northern Ireland in 1969? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Emergence of new Political Parties. (i) Between 1969 and 1972 the Social Democratic and Labour Party, Alliance Party and the Democratic Unionist Party were set up. Explain why each emerged. SDLP ________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] Alliance Party _________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] DUP _________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] G461F6 1584 57 [Turn over (ii) What were the main policies of each of these new political parties? Social Democratic and Labour Party _______________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] Alliance Party _________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] Democratic Unionist Party ________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] End of Question 14 G461F6 1584 58 Examiner Only Marks Remark 15 This question is about the Search for a Solution. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with the problems of finding a solution: Garrett Fitzgerald Bobby Sands William Craig James Molyneaux William Whitelaw Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Prime Minister of the Irish Republic who signed the Anglo-Irish Agreement in 1985 Garrett Fitzgerald ______________________ (ii) The leader of the Vanguard Unionists who opposed power-sharing in Northern Ireland ______________________ [1] (iii) A member of the Provisional IRA who died on hunger strike (iv) Secretary of State for Northern Ireland ______________________ [1] (v) Leader of the Unionist Party in the 1980s G461F6 ______________________ [1] ______________________ [1] 1584 59 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one term of the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two reactions to the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Hunger Strikes of 1980 1981; Or Suspension of Stormont. Either The Hunger Strikes of 1980 1981. (i) Explain why some republican prisoners went on hunger strike in 1980 and 1981. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 60 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the British Government, unionists and nationalists respond to the Hunger Strikes of 1980 and 1981? Examiner Only Marks Remark British Government _____________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] unionists _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] nationalists ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] Or Suspension of Stormont. (i) Why did the British Government suspend Stormont in 1972? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F6 1584 61 [Turn over (ii) How did the people of Northern Ireland respond to the suspension of Stormont in 1972? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Question 12 End of Section B2 Changing Relationships c1965 c1985 End of Section B G461F6 1584 62 Examiner Only Marks Remark THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER G461F6 1584 63 SP (NF) T12240/4

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