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UK GCSE 2007 : History - Revised , Foundation Tier, Paper 1

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2007 Paper 1 Foundation Tier G4601 History [G4601] WEDNESDAY 30 MAY, MORNING For Examiner s use only Question Number Marks TIME Section A 2 hours. 1 2 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 3 Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer four questions. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section A. Answer two questions from your chosen subject area in Section B. If needed, you can ask for more sheets to finish your answers. Please attach these sheets to your booklet using the tag supplied. 4 INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Quality of written communication will be assessed in Part (c) of all questions. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. 5 6 7 8 9 Section B 10 11 12 13 14 15 Total Marks G461F7 2203 Answer four questions only. Section A Answer two questions from your chosen subject area. CONTENTS pages 1 2 3 Chosen Subject Area Germany Pages 3 14 Germany The Weimar Republic Germany Nazi Germany Germany Nazi policy towards Europe 3 6 7 10 11 14 4 5 6 Chosen Subject Area Russia Pages 15 26 Russia The Fall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolutions Russia Russia after the Revolution Russia Stalinist Russia 15 18 19 22 23 26 7 8 9 Chosen Subject Area USA Pages 27 38 USA 1920s America USA 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Depression USA Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal 27 30 31 34 35 38 Section B Answer two question from your chosen subject area. Chosen Subject Area Peace, War and Neutrality Pages 39 50 10 Peace, War and Neutrality Anglo-Irish Relationships before World War Two 11 Peace, War and Neutrality Experience of and Response to War 12 Peace, War and Neutrality Post-War Relationships 39 42 43 46 47 50 Chosen Subject Area Changing Relationships Pages 51 62 13 Changing Relationships Northern Ireland in the 1960s 14 Changing Relationships Prelude to Direct Rule 15 Changing Relationships The Search for a Solution 51 54 55 58 59 62 G461F7 2203 2 Section A Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either A1 Germany c1918 c1941 page 3 to page 14 Or A2 Russia c1916-c1941 page 15 to page 26 Or A3 United States of America c1918 c1941 page 27 to page 38. A1: Germany c1918 c1941. Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 1 This question is about the Weimar Republic. (a) Below is a list of political figures in Germany during the period of the Weimar Republic. Adolf Hitler Karl Liebknecht Ernst R hm Gustav Stresemann Wolfgang Kapp Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Leader of a right-wing Putsch in March 1920 (ii) A leader of the Spartacist Rising ______________________ [1] (iii) German leader who helped to end the Hyperinflation Crisis ______________________ [1] (iv) Leader of the Nazi Party ______________________ [1] (v) Leader of the Nazi Storm Troopers G461F7 Wolfgang Kapp ______________________ ______________________ [1] 2203 3 [Turn over (b) (i) Describe one term of the Treaty of Versailles. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Give two reasons why the Treaty of Versailles was so unpopular in Germany. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Rise of the Nazi Party; The Collapse of the Weimar Republic. Or Either The Rise of the Nazi Party. (i) Why did the Munich Putsch of 1923 fail? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 4 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the Nazis change their tactics between 1924 and 1929? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Collapse of the Weimar Republic. (i) Why did the Nazis gain support in Germany after 1929? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 5 [Turn over (ii) How did each of the following lead to the collapse of the Weimar Republic between 1929 and 1933? Weakness of the Weimar Governments Effects of the Depression _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F7 2203 6 Examiner Only Marks Remark 2 This question is about Nazi Germany. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1939: Pastor Niem ller Kristallnacht Hitler Youth Josef Goebbels Nuremburg Following the example given below, match each term to the correct description: (i) A clergyman who opposed the Nazis (ii) Nazi Minister of Propaganda ______________________ [1] (iii) A city where Nazi rallies were held every August ______________________ [1] (iv) A Nazi organisation for young people ______________________ [1] (v) A wave of terror in 1938 against Jewish people in Germany G461F7 Pastor Niem ller ______________________ ______________________ [1] 2203 7 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one example of how the Nazis controlled German workers. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two ways in which the Nazis improved the lives of some German workers. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Nazi policies towards Jewish people in Germany between 1933 and 1939; Or Nazi actions to strengthen their power in Germany between 1933 and 1934. Either Nazi policies towards Jewish people in Germany between 1933 and 1939. (i) Why were the Nazis anti-Jewish? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 8 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) What actions were taken by the Nazis against Jews in Germany between 1933 and 1939? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Nazi actions to strengthen their power in Germany between 1933 and 1934. (i) Why did Hitler order the Night of the Long Knives? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 9 [Turn over (ii) How did each of the following help Hitler to strengthen his control over Germany? The Reichstag Fire The Enabling Act _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F7 2203 10 Examiner Only Marks Remark 3 This question is about Nazi policy towards Europe. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with Nazi policy towards Europe between 1933 and 1941: Schuschnigg Lebensraum Hermann G ring Neville Chamberlain Blitzkrieg Following the example below, match each term to the correct description: (i) Austrian Chancellor in 1938 (ii) Nazi tactic in the Second World War ______________________ [1] (iii) British Prime Minister who signed the Munich Agreement ______________________ [1] (iv) An aim of Nazi foreign policy ______________________ [1] (v) Nazi leader in charge of the Four Year Plan G461F7 Schuschnigg ______________________ ______________________ [1] 2203 11 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one example of how Hitler built up Germany s armed forces between 1933 and 1935. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe how Hitler broke the Munich Agreement. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [4] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The takeover of the Rhineland and Austria; Or The outbreak of war. Either The takeover of the Rhineland and Austria. (i) Why did Hitler want to take over each of the following? The Rhineland _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] Austria _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] G461F7 2203 12 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How was Hitler able to take over each of the following? Examiner Only Marks Remark The Rhineland Austria _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The outbreak of war. (i) Why did Hitler decide to invade Poland in 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 13 [Turn over (ii) How and why did Hitler s policy towards the USSR change between 1939 and 1941? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section A1 Germany c1918 c1941 G461F7 2203 14 Examiner Only Marks Remark A2: Russia c1916 c1941. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 4 This question is about the fall of Tsarism and the 1917 Revolutions. (a) Below is a list of names associated with Russia s involvement in World War One. Autocrat Haemophilia Pskov Germany Rasputin Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Place where Nicholas agreed to abdicate as Tsar of Russia (ii) Illness suffered by the Tsar s only son ______________________ [1] (iii) Country where Tsarina Alexandra was born ______________________ [1] (iv) A ruler who has total control and does not share power ______________________ [1] (v) Monk who had great influence over the Tsar and his wife G461F7 Pskov ______________________ ______________________ [1] 2203 15 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason for the July Days of 1917. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two ways in which World War One affected the lives of peasants and city workers in Russia. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either War and the February Revolution; Or The Provisional Government and the October Revolution. Either War and the February Revolution. (i) Why was the Russian army defeated in World War One? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 16 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did events in Petrograd lead to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II in the February Revolution? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Provisional Government and the October Revolution. (i) Why did the Provisional Government lose support in Russia in 1917? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 17 [Turn over (ii) How did the actions of Lenin and the Bolsheviks lead to the October Revolution? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F7 2203 18 Examiner Only Marks Remark 5 This question is about Russia after the Revolution. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Poland Sovnarkom Trotsky Germany Finland Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) The country where Brest-Litovsk is Poland situated ______________________ (ii) Country lost by Russia in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ______________________ [1] (iii) The country with which Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ______________________ [1] (iv) The Bolshevik-controlled government that negotiated the treaty (v) The Bolshevik Minister of Foreign Affairs who signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk G461F7 ______________________ [1] ______________________ [1] 2203 19 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason for the closure of the Constituent Assembly in January 1918. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two methods used by the Bolsheviks to deal with their opponents during the Red Terror. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Civil War; War Communism and the New Economic Policy. Or Either The Civil War. (i) Why did some groups support the White Army in the Russian Civil War? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 20 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did Lenin and the Red Army defeat the White Army in the Russian Civil War? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or War Communism and the New Economic Policy. (i) Why was War Communism unpopular in Russia by March 1921? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 21 [Turn over (ii) How did the New Economic Policy affect the lives of peasants and workers in Russia between 1921 and 1924? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F7 2203 22 Examiner Only Marks Remark 6 This question is about Stalinist Russia. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with events in the USSR in the 1930s: Kirov Kolkhoz Stakhanov Komsomol Trotsky Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Young Communist League whose members helped Stalin in the Five Year Plans (ii) Head of the Communist Party in Leningrad, murdered in 1934 ______________________ [1] (iii) Leading opponent of Stalin who was murdered in Mexico in 1940 ______________________ [1] (iv) Collective farm ______________________ [1] (v) Miner who became a hero of the Five Year Plans G461F7 Komsomol ______________________ ______________________ [1] 2203 23 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Stalin became ruler of the USSR by 1929. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two effects of Collectivization on the lives of peasants in the USSR in the 1930s. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Five Year Plans; Stalin s Control and Relations with Germany. Or Either The Five Year Plans. (i) Why did Stalin introduce changes to agriculture and industry in 1928? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 24 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did Stalin s Five Year Plans affect industry and the lives of workers between 1928 and 1941? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Stalin s Control and Relations with Germany. (i) Why did Stalin s relations with Germany change between 1939 and 1941? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 25 [Turn over (ii) How did Stalin increase his control over the USSR between 1929 and 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section A2 Russia c1916 c1941 G461F7 2203 26 Examiner Only Marks Remark A3: United States of America c1918 c1941. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 7 This question is about the main features of life in 1920s America. (a) Below is a list of names associated with the policy of Isolationism in the 1920s: League of Nations Germany Warren Harding Return to Normalcy FordneyMcCumber Laws Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Tax placed on foreign goods coming into the USA (ii) Term used to explain the USA s support for Isolationism ______________________ [1] (iii) Enemy of the USA in World War One ______________________ [1] (iv) Organisation planned by President Wilson to prevent future wars ______________________ [1] (v) Republican President who supported Isolationism G461F7 Fordney-McCumber Laws ______________________ ______________________ [1] 2203 27 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why controls were placed on the number of immigrants allowed into the USA in the 1920s. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe how Black Americans were treated in the USA in the 1920s. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [4] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Economic Boom; Or Prohibition and Lifestyle. Either The Economic Boom. (i) Why did an economic boom take place in the USA in the 1920s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 28 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) In what ways did Americans benefit from the economic boom of the 1920s? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Prohibition and Lifestyle. (i) Why did many Americans support the introduction of Prohibition in 1920? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 29 [Turn over (ii) How did changes in popular entertainment and the cinema affect lifestyle in the USA in the 1920s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F7 2203 30 Examiner Only Marks Remark 8 This question is about the 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Depression. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with the 1932 election for president: Rugged Individualism Governor of New York The Bonus Army Polio A New Deal Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Former soldiers who marched to Washington in 1932 The Bonus Army ______________________ (ii) Promise made by Roosevelt to the American people ______________________ [1] (iii) Illness suffered by Roosevelt (iv) Belief that the government should not interfere in people s lives ______________________ [1] (v) Position held by Roosevelt during the Depression, 1928 32 G461F7 ______________________ [1] ______________________ [1] 2203 31 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why Hoover lost the election for President of the USA in 1932. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two ways in which the lives of farmers and sharecroppers were affected by the Depression. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Wall Street Crash and Hoover s Policies; The Depression and its effects on the lives of workers. Or Either The Wall Street Crash and Hoover s Policies. (i) What were the main reasons for the fall in the value of shares on the Wall Street Stock Exchange in October 1929? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 32 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did Hoover deal with the effects of the Depression between 1929 and 1932? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Depression and its effects on the lives of workers. (i) Why did weaknesses in the American economy in the 1920s help to cause the Depression, 1929 32? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 33 [Turn over (ii) How did the Depression affect the lives of workers and the unemployed by 1932? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F7 2203 34 Examiner Only Marks Remark 9 This question is about Roosevelt and the New Deal. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with the early months of the New Deal: The Hundred Days Action and Beer Act Action now Fireside Chats Emergency Banking Act Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Attempt to restore public confidence in the American Banking system (ii) Roosevelt s weekly radio broadcasts to the American people ______________________ [1] (iii) Period of three months in 1933 when most New Deal Agencies were set up ______________________ [1] (iv) Call made by Roosevelt in his inaugural speech ______________________ [1] (v) Law ending Prohibition G461F7 Emergency Banking Act ______________________ ______________________ [1] 2203 35 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why the Supreme Court opposed the New Deal. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two actions taken by the Supreme Court to show its opposition to the New Deal. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The New Deal and Workers; Or Opposition to the New Deal and Agriculture. Either The New Deal and Workers. (i) Why did employers and workers differ in their attitude to the National Recovery Administration and the Wagner Act? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 36 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) What actions were taken by New Deal agencies to deal with the problem of unemployment between 1933 and 1939? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Opposition to the New Deal and Agriculture. (i) Why did the Republican Party and some groups in the Democratic Party oppose Roosevelt and the New Deal? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 37 [Turn over (ii) How did the New Deal agencies deal with: The problems faced by agriculture? The effects of the Depression on farmers? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section A3 United States of America c1918 c1941 End of Section A G461F7 2203 38 Examiner Only Marks Remark Section B Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer two questions from your chosen subject. Either B1 Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949 page 39 to page 50 Or B2 Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985 page 51 to page 62. B1: Peace, War and Neutrality: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland and the Second World War c1932 c1949. Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 10 This question is about Anglo-Irish relationships before World War Two. (a) Below is a list of words associated with Anglo-Irish relationships before World War Two: The Border Lough Swilly Taoiseach Poland Land Annuities Following the example below, match each word to the correct description. (i) The division between Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State (ii) One of the Treaty Ports ______________________ [1] (iii) A country invaded by Hitler in 1939 ______________________ [1] (iv) Worth 5 million a year ______________________ [1] (v) The title of the Prime Minister of Eire after 1937 G461F7 The Border ______________________ ______________________ [1] 2203 39 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason for the outbreak of the Economic War between Eire and Britain. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe one effect of the Economic War on Britain and one effect of the Economic War on Eire. 1. Britain ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. Eire _______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Coming of War; Responses to the Declaration of War in 1939. Or Either The Coming of War. (i) Why did Britain follow a policy of appeasement towards Hitler during the 1930s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 40 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did Britain and Northern Ireland prepare for war from 1938 onwards? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Responses to the Declaration of War in 1939. (i) Why did Britain declare war on Nazi Germany in 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 41 [Turn over (ii) How did Northern Ireland and Eire respond to the outbreak of war in 1939? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F7 2203 42 Examiner Only Marks Remark 11 This question is about the Experience of and Response to War. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of terms associated with the experience of war: Churchill Operation Sealion James Magennis Aldergrove Lisahally Following the example below, match each term to the correct description: (i) He became British Prime Minister Churchill in May 1940 ______________________ (ii) A sailor from Northern Ireland who won the Victoria Cross in World War Two (iii) RAF base in Northern Ireland during World War Two ______________________ [1] (iv) German plan to invade Britain in 1940 ______________________ [1] (v) Port in Northern Ireland where German U-boats surrendered in 1945 G461F7 ______________________ [1] ______________________ [1] 2203 43 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why nationalists in Northern Ireland opposed the introduction of conscription. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two ways in which Northern Ireland s industry and agriculture helped the British war effort. 1. Industry __________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. Agriculture ________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Britain, Northern Ireland and the war effort; The Experience of Eire during World War Two. Or Either Britain, Northern Ireland and the war effort. (i) Why did Belfast suffer so much damage as the result of the Blitz in 1941? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 44 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) What actions did the governments of Britain and Northern Ireland take against the threat of invasion during World War Two? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Experience of Eire during World War Two. (i) Why did Eire follow a policy of neutrality during World War Two? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 45 [Turn over (ii) How did World War Two affect the lives of people in Eire? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F7 2203 46 Examiner Only Marks Remark 12 This question is about Post-War Relationships. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of names associated with post-war relationships. Lord Beveridge Old Age Pensions AntiPartition League Rationing Family Allowance Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) Wartime measure which continued Rationing after 1945 ______________________ (ii) Benefits for families with children (iii) Benefits for people over 65 ______________________ [1] (iv) His report helped introduce the Welfare State ______________________ [1] (v) Formed by nationalists in Northern Ireland after World War Two G461F7 ______________________ [1] ______________________ [1] 2203 47 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why the Welfare State was introduced in Britain in 1948. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) How did standards in education and housing in Northern Ireland and Eire differ between 1945 and 1949? Education ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] Housing ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Welfare State; Constitutional Changes after 1945. Or Either The Welfare State. (i) Why did some people in Northern Ireland support and some oppose the introduction of the Welfare State? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 48 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did the Welfare State affect the lives of people in Northern Ireland? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Constitutional Changes after 1945. (i) Why did the government of Eire declare a Republic in 1949? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 49 [Turn over (ii) How did the Declaration of the Republic and the Ireland Act of 1949 change relations between Britain, Eire and Northern Ireland? Britain and Eire ________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] Eire and Northern Ireland ________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] Britain and Northern Ireland ______________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] End of Section B1 Peace, War and Neutrality c1932 c1949 G461F7 2203 50 Examiner Only Marks Remark B2: Changing Relationships: Britain, Northern Ireland and Ireland c1965 c1985. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer any two questions. You should spend about 30 minutes on each question. 13 This is a question about Northern Ireland in the 1960s. (a) Below is a list of people associated with events in Northern Ireland in the 1960s: Ivan Cooper Michael Farrell Austin Currie Harold Wilson Sean Lemass Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) A leader of the People s Democracy (ii) Taoiseach who visited Northern Ireland in 1965 ______________________ [1] (iii) Leading figure in the Civil Rights Movement ______________________ [1] (iv) British Prime Minister in the 1960s ______________________ [1] (v) Young nationalist MP who organised the Caledon housing protest G461F7 Michael Farrell ______________________ ______________________ [1] 2203 51 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason why O Neill wanted to improve relations with nationalists in Northern Ireland. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe two actions taken by O Neill to improve relations with nationalists in Northern Ireland. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either Demands for Reform in Northern Ireland; Or Northern Ireland Economy in the 1960s. Either Demands for Reform in Northern Ireland. (i) Why did O Neill introduce a Five-Point Reform Programme in November 1968? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 52 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) In what ways did the Civil Rights Movement try to bring about change in Northern Ireland in 1968 and 1969? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or Northern Ireland Economy in the 1960s. (i) Explain the problems faced by the Northern Ireland economy in the 1960s. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 53 [Turn over (ii) What actions were taken by O Neill to improve the Northern Ireland economy in the 1960s? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F7 2203 54 Examiner Only Marks Remark 14 This question is about the prelude to Direct Rule. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of people who played an important role in Northern Ireland in 1969. James ChichesterClark Jack Lynch James Callaghan Bernadette Devlin John Hume Following the example below, match each name to the correct description: (i) People s Democracy leader who became an MP in 1969 (ii) The Irish Prime Minister who moved army units to the border in 1969 ______________________ [1] (iii) The British Home Secretary who visited Northern Ireland in 1969 ______________________ [1] (iv) A Civil Rights leader in 1969 ______________________ [1] (v) Became Prime Minister of Northern Ireland in 1969 G461F7 Bernadette Devlin ______________________ ______________________ [1] 2203 55 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason for the Battle of the Bogside in August 1969. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Give two results of the Battle of the Bogside. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] 2. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Introduction of Internment; Or The Emergence of Paramilitary Organisations. Either The Introduction of Internment. (i) Why was internment introduced in Northern Ireland in August 1971? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 56 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) How did nationalists and unionists respond to the introduction of internment? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Emergence of Paramilitary Organisations. (i) Why was there a split in the IRA in 1969? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 57 [Turn over (ii) How did paramilitary violence in Northern Ireland increase from 1969 to 1972? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] G461F7 2203 58 Examiner Only Marks Remark 15 This question is about the search for a solution. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Below is a list of politicians who played an important role in Northern Ireland politics in the early 1970s: Brian Faulkner Oliver Napier William Craig Gerry Fitt Ian Paisley Following the example below, match the politician to the political party with which he was associated in the early 1970s: (i) Ulster Vanguard (ii) Democratic Unionist Party ______________________ [1] (iii) Social Democratic and Labour Party ______________________ [1] (iv) Alliance Party ______________________ [1] (v) Official Unionist Party G461F7 William Craig ______________________ ______________________ [1] 2203 59 [Turn over (b) (i) Give one reason for the introduction of Direct Rule in 1972. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe one unionist and one nationalist response to the introduction of Direct Rule. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [4] (c) Choose one of the following: Either The Power-Sharing Executive; Or The Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985. Either The Power-Sharing Executive. (i) Why did unionists and nationalists have different attitudes to the Power-Sharing Executive in 1974? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 60 Examiner Only Marks Remark (ii) What methods were used by opponents of the Power-Sharing Executive to bring about its collapse in 1974? Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] Or The Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985. (i) Why did the British and Irish governments sign the Anglo-Irish Agreement in 1985? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [6] G461F7 2203 61 [Turn over (ii) How did nationalists and unionists in Northern Ireland respond to the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [9] End of Section B2 Changing Relationships c1965 c1985 End of Section B G461F7 2203 62 Examiner Only Marks Remark THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER G461F7 2203 63 SP (NF) T24249/4

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