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UK GCSE 2008 : History - Revised, Higher Tier, Paper 2

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General Certificate of Secondary Education 2008 Paper 2 Higher Tier G4604 History [G4604] TUESDAY 3 JUNE, AFTERNOON TIME 1 hour 15 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number on the Answer Booklet provided. Answer two questions. Answer Section A and one question from Section B. There is a choice in Section B. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 60. Quality of written communication will be assessed in Section B. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. A Resource Booklet referring to question 1 accompanies this paper. G462H8 3547 For question 1 refer to the source material in the Resource Booklet. Section A 1 This section is about the actions of the USSR in Europe between 1945 and 1948. (a) Study Source A. What does Source A tell us about the reasons for USA concerns over the actions of the USSR in Europe between 1945 and 1948? [4] (b) Study Sources B and C. How far does Source B support Stalin s statement in Source C that the USSR was worried about its future safety ? [6] (c) Study Source C. How useful and reliable is Source C as an explanation of Russian actions in Europe at the end of World War Two? [8] (d) Study Sources B, C and D. In Source D President Truman of the USA states that the Russians are planning world domination . Using Sources B, C and D and your own knowledge, explain whether or not this is a fair interpretation of Russian actions in Europe between 1945 and 1948. [12] G462H8 3547 2 Section B Answer one question from this section. Answer both parts of the question. 2 This question is about the Cold War in Europe between 1956 and 1991. (a) How and why did the USSR face problems in keeping control over Eastern Europe between 1956 and 1968? [18] (b) How were the USSR s relations with Eastern Europe affected by the policies of Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985 to 1991? [12] 3 This question is about the Korean War. (a) Why did the USA become involved in the Korean War in 1950 and how did the war affect the USA s relations with the USSR and China? [18] (b) Did the USA succeed in achieving its aims in Korea? Explain your answer. 4 [12] This question is about the Cuban Missile Crisis. (a) How and why did relations between the USA, USSR and Cuba change between 1958 and the beginning of the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962? [18] (b) How did the USA and the USSR deal with the Cuban Missile Crisis and how did the crisis affect relations between the two superpowers? [12] G462H8 3547 3 SP (NF) T46995/3 General Certificate of Secondary Education 2008 Paper 2 Foundation and Higher Tiers [G4602] [G4604] TUESDAY 3 JUNE, AFTERNOON RESOURCE BOOKLET G462FH8 3548 G4602G4604 History Source Materials: Actions of the USSR in Europe between 1945 and 1948 Source A: Map showing expansion of Russian control in Europe between 1945 and 1948 Advances of Russian armies Russian army in Europe in 1945 States which became communist, between 1945-48 The Iron Curtain UNITED KINGDOM GERMANY USSR POLAND WESTERN EASTERN EUROPE CZECH AUSTRIA EUROPE OSLOV A KIA HUNGARY ROMANIA FRANCE ITALY YUGOSLAVIA BULGARIA ALBANIA TURKEY GREECE 0 Source B: km 600 Modern historian writing in 1974 about the actions of the USSR in Europe between 1945 and 1948 By May 1945 the Russian Army had occupied most of Eastern Europe. Nazi Germany was crushed and Japan was on its last legs. Stalin was determined to make the USSR safe from any further invasions. The German attack had destroyed Western Russia where terrible damage was done to Russian farms and factories. 27 million Russians had died during the war. However, some in the West believed that the USSR was finally secure enough to expand Communist control throughout Europe. The British Prime Minister Churchill ordered the Allied armies to keep weapons seized from the German Army in case they had to be used against the Russians. Source: Hugh Higgins, a British historian, The Cold War, 1974 Source C: The Russian leader Stalin, writing in 1946, giving his reasons for the USSR s concerns about the countries of Eastern Europe The USSR s loss of life in the war has been several times greater than that of Britain and the USA put together. Some may forget the huge sacrifice which Russia has made to free Europe from Hitler. The USSR cannot forget. What is so surprising that the USSR, worried about its future safety, is trying to make sure that governments loyal to the USSR should exist in neighbouring countries? Source: The Russian leader Stalin, writing in the Russian newspaper, Pravda, March 1946 G462FH8 3548 2 Source D: President Truman of the USA, writing in 1945, giving his views on the USSR s concerns about the countries of Eastern Europe My personal meeting with Stalin has allowed me to see what the West will have to face in the future. The Russians do not want friendly relations with neighbouring countries. They want to spread communism. Force is the only thing the Russians understand. Stalin has shown what he is after. The Russians are planning world domination. Source: President Truman of the USA, July 1945 G462FH8 3548 3 Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. SP (NF/CGW) T46996/5

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