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UK GCSE 2008 : Foundation Tier, Unit 2: Science for the needs of Society

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2008 Unit 2: Science for the needs of Society Foundation Tier GDS21 Applied Science Double Award [GDS21] THURSDAY 5 JUNE, MORNING TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all ten questions. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 90. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total Marks GDS2F8 3711 Marks BLANK PAGE GDS2F8 3711 2 [Turn over 1 Living organisms are made up of building blocks called cells. Some organisms contain different types of cell. Look at the diagrams below of the different types of cell. X Examiner Only Marks Remark Y root hair cell nerve cell egg cell leaf cell large area of cell membrane long fibres large amount of cytoplasm many chloroplasts A B C D (a) (i) Which two of the cells A, B, C and D above would be found in a plant? ___________ ___________ [2] (ii) Name the parts of the cells shown by the arrows. X ________________________ Y ________________________ [2] (iii) Name two features present in plant cells, but not present in animal cells. 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________ [2] (b) Name two useful products obtained from living things. 1. _______________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________ [2] GDS2F8 3711 3 [Turn over 2 (a) Due to increasing population and industrialisation demand for energy is steadily increasing. The table below lists six energy resources. Examiner Only Marks Remark Tick ( ) the correct boxes to indicate whether these sources are nonrenewable or renewable. One has been completed as an example. Energy source Non-renewable Renewable Wind Solar Oil Coal Geothermal Wave [3] (b) From the list above, identify a fossil fuel resource. ______________________________________________________ [1] (c) State one disadvantage of using fossil fuels as a source of energy. _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [1] (d) Burning fossil fuels releases energy. What is the name used to describe reactions which give out heat energy? ______________________________________________________ [1] GDS2F8 3711 4 [Turn over (e) Solar energy is becoming more commonly used to generate electricity. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using solar power to generate electricity. Advantage ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Disadvantage ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) By what process does energy from the sun reach the earth? ___________________________________________________ [1] GDS2F8 3711 5 [Turn over 3 Crude oil is a mixture of hundreds of different compounds. These are separated in an oil refinery. gases out petrol 20 70 C naphtha 70 120 C kerosene 120 170 C diesel 170 230 C oils crude oil in above 350 C heat bitumen Source: http://img.alibaba.com An oil refinery A fractionating column Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) (i) Name the method used to separate the different fractions in crude oil. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Explain briefly how this method of separation works. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] GDS2F8 3711 6 [Turn over (b) Look at the particle pictures below. Examiner Only Marks A B C Remark D Which box contains: (i) only one element? (ii) only a pure compound? ___________ [1] (iii) a mixture of elements? ___________ [1] (iv) a mixture of elements and a compound? GDS2F8 ___________ [1] ___________ [1] 3711 7 [Turn over 4 Amy is an athlete. She is training for a marathon. Amy notices that while she is running she breathes more quickly. Examiner Only Marks Remark Below is a diagram of the human lungs. A ________________ ________________ B rib diaphragm (a) (i) Label parts A and B. [2] (ii) Describe what happens to the ribs and diaphragm when Amy breathes in. Ribs __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Diaphragm ____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Explain why Amy s breathing rate increases during her run. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] GDS2F8 3711 8 [Turn over (b) Amy needs energy to run. Glucose, C6H12O6, is used by the body to make energy. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Name the process by which her body makes energy. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Complete the word equation for the process by which the body makes energy. Glucose + Water + + Energy [2] (iii) Which hormone controls glucose levels in the blood? ___________________________________________________ [1] GDS2F8 3711 9 [Turn over (c) Before running, when she was resting, Amy s pulse rate was 85 beats per minute (bpm). Examiner Only Marks Remark The results are shown in the table below. Time after race (minutes) 0 Amy s pulse (bpm) 2 4 6 8 120 100 90 85 85 (i) Draw a graph of Amy s results on the grid below. 130 120 Amy s pulse (bpm) 110 100 90 80 0 2 4 6 8 10 Time after race (minutes) [2] (ii) How long after the run did it take for Amy s pulse to return to normal? ___________________________________________________ [1] (d) Amy gets hot when she exercises. State two ways her body tries to cool down. 1. _______________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________ [2] GDS2F8 3711 10 [Turn over 5 Air is a mixture of gases as shown in the table below. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) (i) Complete the table below. Gases in air Name of gas Chemical symbol or formula % in air Nitrogen _______________ 78 _______________ O 21 Carbon dioxide _______________ less than 1 Other gases including argon Ar less than 1 [3] (ii) Which gas makes up most of the air? __________________ [1] (iii) Carbon dioxide is described as a compound. Define the term compound. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iv) State one way by which carbon dioxide is added to the air. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] GDS2F8 3711 11 [Turn over 2 (b) Carbon, 16 C, is an element found in many substances. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) What is the name given to substances containing carbon which originates from living things? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) How many protons are there in an atom of carbon? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Where in an atom would the protons be found? ___________________________________________________ [1] GDS2F8 3711 12 [Turn over 6 Different materials are used to make a variety of useful products. Some materials come from the earth and some come from living things. Examiner Only Marks Remark Use the information in the table below to help you answer the questions about the materials used to build windows. Part of window Material pane glass frame PVC handle brass hinge iron Choose from the table: (a) A material which is a synthetic polymer. ______________________ [1] (b) A material which is an alloy. ______________________ [1] (c) Suggest two reasons why glass is used for making window panes. 1. _______________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________ [2] GDS2F8 3711 13 [Turn over (d) Some people have PVC double glazing fitted in their homes to reduce energy loss. This costs 2000 to install and saves approximately 40 per year. Examiner Only Marks Remark glass pane air filled cavity (i) Calculate how many years it would take a homeowner to recover the cost. You must clearly show your workings. __________ years [2] (ii) Explain how double glazing keeps heat energy in. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] GDS2F8 3711 14 [Turn over Wood was used to make window frames before PVC was available. Examiner Only Marks Remark (e) State two advantages of using PVC rather than wood. 1. _______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] GDS2F8 3711 15 [Turn over 7 (a) In the Haber Process, chemists want to produce as much ammonia as possible. The graph below shows the percentage yield of ammonia using different reaction conditions. Examiner Only Marks Remark 100 350 C yield (%) 50 550 C 0 100 200 300 400 pressure (atms) (i) Which temperature results in the highest % yield of ammonia being produced? ______________ C [1] (ii) What is the name given to chemicals such as ammonia, produced on a large scale? ___________________________________________________ [1] GDS2F8 3711 16 [Turn over (b) Ammonia from the Haber Process is used to make fertiliser such as ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4. It is made by reacting ammonia with an acid. Examiner Only Marks Remark NH3(g) + H2SO4(aq) (NH4)2SO4 (i) Name the acid used to make ammonium sulphate. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of farmers using artificial fertilisers. Advantage ______________________________________________________ Disadvantage ___________________________________________________ [2] GDS2F8 3711 17 [Turn over (c) Below are diagrams of some methods of separation. Examiner Only Marks Filtering Chromatography Remark Dissolving S N Evaporation Distillation Magnetism Which of the methods above would be most suitable for separating the following: (i) crystals of ammonium sulphate from a solution of ammonium sulphate? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) mud from muddy water? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) colours in a dye? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) iron filings from a mixture of iron filings and sulphur? ___________________________________________________ [1] GDS2F8 3711 18 [Turn over 8 Alcohols such as beer and wine are produced by a process known as fermentation. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) (i) Which micro-organism is used in the production of beer and wine? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Name another product which is made using micro-organisms. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Complete the word equation for fermentation Glucose + + energy [2] (b) Not all micro-organisms are useful some can cause disease. (i) Complete the table below using the following words: bacteria : virus Micro-organism : fungus Disease Flu (influenza) Athlete s foot Tuberculosis [3] (ii) Describe one method by which we can protect ourselves from infection by micro-organisms. ___________________________________________________ [1] GDS2F8 3711 19 [Turn over 9 Sheep were among the first animals to be domesticated. Humans have been farming sheep for over 6000 years. Examiner Only Marks Remark Source: http://images.google.co.uk (a) What useful product can be obtained from sheep? ______________________________________________________ [1] (b) The colour of a sheep is controlled by a single pair of genes. W represents the gene for white sheep w represents the gene for black sheep White is the dominant allele (i) What two possible genotypes may be present in a white sheep? ____________________ and ____________________. [2] (ii) State the genotype of a black sheep. ____________________ [1] (iii) Use the Punnett square below to show how two white sheep can produce black offspring. W w W w [2] GDS2F8 3711 20 [Turn over 10 During the summer months many homes use an electric immersion heater to warm water for washing etc. A student wanted to investigate the efficiency of these heaters using the apparatus shown in the diagram below. 12 volt battery A V Thermometer Electrical heater 250 cm3 water Examiner Only The results are recorded below. Marks Time electrical heater was switched on for 0.5 hours Temperature of water at start of experiment 21.0 C Temperature of water at end of experiment 35.4 C Voltage reading 12 V (volts) Current reading Remark 1.5 A (amps) (a) Calculate by how much the temperature of the water increased. Increase in temperature = __________ C [1] GDS2F8 3711 21 [Turn over (b) Use the equation below to calculate the power of the electrical circuit. Examiner Only Marks Remark power (watts) = current (amps) voltage (volts) You must clearly show your workings. Power = _______________ watts [2] (c) A domestic immersion heater has a power of 3 kW and is switched on for 2.5 hours. Use the equation below to calculate the energy used. energy (kWh) = power (kW) time (hours) You must clearly show your workings. Input energy = __________ kWh [2] GDS2F8 3711 22 [Turn over (d) The input electrical energy to an immersion heater is 5000 J. The output heat energy is 4500 J. Calculate the % efficiency of the immersion heater. You must clearly show your workings. Examiner Only Marks Remark Use the equation Output energy % efficiency = 100 Input energy Efficiency = __________ % [2] (e) To make hot water storage more efficient, a consultant suggested wrapping a water tank in a home with a thick fibreglass jacket. Explain how this would save the homeowner money. ______________________________________________________ [1] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER GDS2F8 GDS2F8 3711 23 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 530-003-1 24 [Turn over

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