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UK GCSE 2008 : Higher Tier, Unit 2: Science for the needs of Society

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2008 Unit 2: Science for the needs of Society Higher Tier GDS22 Applied Science Double Award [GDS22] THURSDAY 5 JUNE, MORNING TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all eight questions. For Examiner s use only Question Number INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 90. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total Marks GDS2H8 3712 Marks BLANK PAGE GDS2H8 3712 2 [Turn over 1 Living organisms are made up of building blocks called cells. Some organisms contain many different types of cell. Look at the diagrams below of the different types of cell. root hair cell nerve cell egg cell long fibres large amount of cytoplasm many chloroplasts A B C Remark leaf cell large area of cell membrane Examiner Only Marks D (a) (i) Identify one feature common in all of the cells shown above. ____________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Which two of the cells A, B, C or D above would be found in a plant? _________________________ _________________________ [2] (iii) Name two features present in plant cells, but not present in animal cells. 1. ___________________________ 2. ___________________________ [2] (iv) What is the name of the type of cell division that leads to the growth or repair of an organism? ____________________________________________________ [1] GDS2H8 3712 3 [Turn over 2 (a) Due to increasing population and industrialisation, demand for energy is steadily increasing. The table below lists six energy resources. Examiner Only Marks Remark Tick ( ) the correct boxes to indicate whether these sources are nonrenewable or renewable. Energy source Non-renewable Renewable Wind Solar Oil Coal Geothermal Wave [3] (b) From the list above, identify a fossil fuel resource. _______________________________________________________ [1] (c) State one disadvantage of using fossil fuels as a source of energy. _______________________________________________________ [1] (d) Burning fossil fuels releases energy. What is the name used to describe reactions which give out heat energy? _______________________________________________________ [1] (e) Solar energy is becoming more commonly used to generate electricity. State one advantage and one disadvantage of using solar power to generate electricity. Advantage ________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Disadvantage ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] GDS2H8 3712 4 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) GDS2H8 3712 5 [Turn over 3 Amy is an athlete. She is training for a marathon. Amy notices that while she is running she breathes more quickly. Below is a diagram of the human lungs. Examiner Only Marks Remark A ________________ ________________ B rib diaphragm (a) (i) Label parts A and B. [2] (ii) Describe what happens to the ribs and diaphragm when Amy breathes in Ribs __________________________________________________ Diaphragm __________________________________________ [2] (iii) Explain why Amy s breathing rate increases during her run. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ [2] GDS2H8 3712 6 [Turn over (b) Amy needs energy to run. Glucose, C6H12O6, is used by the body to make energy. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Name the process by which her body makes energy. ____________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Complete the word equation for the process by which the body makes energy. Glucose + Water + + Energy [2] (iii) Which hormone controls glucose levels in the blood? ______________________ [1] GDS2H8 3712 7 [Turn over (c) Amy s resting pulse rate is 86 beats per minute (bpm). Just after her run, her coach measured her pulse rate (bpm). The results are shown in the table below. Examiner Only Marks Remark Time after race (minutes) 0 Amy s pulse (bpm) 2 4 6 8 120 100 91 86 83 (i) Draw a graph of Amy s results on the grid below. [3] GDS2H8 3712 8 [Turn over (ii) How long after the run did it take for Amy s pulse to return to normal? Examiner Only Marks Remark ____________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Why did Amy s pulse rate stay high for a while even though she had stopped running? ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ [2] (d) Amy gets hot when she exercises. State two ways her body tries to cool down. 1. ________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________ [2] GDS2H8 3712 9 [Turn over 4 Different materials are used to make a variety of useful products. Some materials come from the earth and some come from living things. Examiner Only Marks Remark Use the information in the table below to help you answer the questions about the materials used to build windows. Part of window Material pane glass frame PVC handle brass hinge iron Choose from the table: (a) A material which is a synthetic polymer ______________________ [1] (b) A material which is an alloy ______________________ [1] (c) State one property of glass and explain why this property makes it a suitable material for making window panes. __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] GDS2H8 3712 10 [Turn over (d) Some people have PVC double glazing fitted in their homes to reduce energy loss. This costs 2000 to install and saves approximately 40 per year. Examiner Only Marks Remark glass pane air filled cavity Calculate how many years it would take a homeowner to recover the cost. You must clearly show your workings. __________ years [2] Wood was used to make window frames before PVC was available. (e) State two advantages of using PVC rather than wood. 1. ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] GDS2H8 3712 11 [Turn over 5 Alcoholic drinks such as beer and wine are produced by a process known as fermentation. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Which micro-organism is used in the production of beer and wine? __________________________ [1] (b) Beer can be brewed at home using a Home Brew Kit . Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is released as a by-product of the fermentation process. A student investigated the fermentation of a brew mixture at different temperatures over a 24 hour period. The results obtained are shown in the table below. Average Volume of CO2 Volume of CO2 Volume of CO2 Temperature volume of CO2 collected over collected over collected over ( C) collected over 24 hours 24 hours 24 hours 24 hours 10 25 28 28 27 20 58 65 66 63 30 99 108 102 _________ (i) Calculate the average volume of carbon dioxide produced over 24 hours at 30 C. You must clearly show your workings. Average volume = __________ cm3 [2] (ii) What is the advantage of calculating an average volume of carbon dioxide for each temperature? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] GDS2H8 3712 12 [Turn over (iii) What do these results show about the relationship between microorganisms, temperature and the rate of fermentation? Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) What effect would a temperature of 4 C have on the rate of fermentation? Explain your answer. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (c) Not all micro-organisms are useful some can cause disease. (i) Complete the table below. Micro-organism Disease Flu (influenza) Fungus Tuberculosis [3] (ii) Describe one method by which we can protect ourselves from infection by micro-organisms. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] GDS2H8 3712 13 [Turn over 6 Air is a mixture of gases as shown in the table below. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) (i) Complete the table below. Gases in air Name of gas Chemical symbol or formula Nitrogen __________________ __________________ O Carbon dioxide __________________ Other gases including argon Ar [3] (ii) Which gas makes up most of the air? ____________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Carbon dioxide is described as a compound. Define the term compound. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iv) State one way by which carbon dioxide is added to the air. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] 2 (b) Carbon, 16C, is an element found in many substances. (i) What is the name given to substances containing carbon which originate from living things? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) How many protons are there in an atom of carbon? ___________________________________________________ [1] GDS2H8 3712 14 [Turn over (iii) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of all the electrons in an atom of carbon. Examiner Only Marks Remark [2] GDS2H8 3712 15 [Turn over (c) In the Haber Process, chemists want to produce as much ammonia as possible. The graph below shows the percentage yield of ammonia using different reaction conditions. Examiner Only Marks Remark 100 350 C 450 C yield (%) 50 550 C 0 100 200 300 400 pressure (atms) (i) Which temperature results in the highest % yield of ammonia being produced? __________ C [1] (ii) If the pressure is increased, how does this affect the % yield of ammonia obtained? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) What is the name given to chemicals, such as ammonia, produced on a large scale? ___________________________________________________ [1] GDS2H8 3712 16 [Turn over (d) Ammonia from the Haber Process is used to make fertiliser such as ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4. It is made by reacting ammonia with an acid. Examiner Only Marks Remark NH3(g) + H2SO4(aq) (NH4)2SO4 (i) Name the acid used to make ammonium sulphate. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Describe how to obtain crystals of ammonium sulphate from a solution of ammonium sulphate. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of farmers using artificial fertilisers. Advantage _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Disadvantage ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] GDS2H8 3712 17 [Turn over 7 Sheep were among the first animals to be domesticated. Humans have been farming sheep for over 6000 years. Examiner Only Marks Remark Source: http://images.google.co.uk (a) What useful product can be obtained from sheep? ______________________________________________________ [1] (b) The colour of sheep is controlled by a single pair of genes. W represents the gene for white sheep w represents the gene for black sheep White is the dominant allele. (i) What two possible genotypes may be present in a white sheep? ____________________ and ____________________. [2] (ii) State the genotype of a black sheep. ____________________ [1] (iii) Use the Punnett square below to show how two white sheep can produce black offspring. [3] GDS2H8 3712 18 [Turn over (c) Sheep were the first successfully cloned mammals. The diagram below shows how Dolly the sheep was cloned. A donor cell is taken from a sheep s udder Examiner Only Marks Remark Donor Nucleus The egg cell and the donor nucleus are fused using an electric shock Sheep X Egg cell The nucleus of the egg cell is removed Sheep Y An egg cell is taken from an adult female sheep The fused cell begins dividing normally Cloned sheep (Dolly) Embryo The embryo develops normally Sheep Z The embryo is placed in the uterus of a foster mother Is Dolly a clone of sheep X, Y or Z? Explain your answer. Sheep _______ Explanation ________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] GDS2H8 3712 19 [Turn over 8 During the summer months many homes use an electric immersion heater to warm water for washing etc. Examiner Only Marks Remark A student wanted to investigate the efficiency of these heaters using the apparatus shown in the diagram below. 12 volt battery A V Thermometer Electrical heater 250 cm3 water The results are recorded below. Time electrical heater was switched on for 0.5 hours Temperature of water at start of experiment 21.0 C Temperature of water at end of experiment 35.4 C Voltage reading 12 V (volts) Current reading 1.5 A (amps) (a) Calculate the power of the electrical circuit. You must clearly show your workings. Power = _______________ watts [3] (b) Use the equation to calculate the energy input from the electrical circuit in kilowatt hours. You must clearly show your workings. Energy (kWh) = power (kW) time (hours). Input energy = __________ kWh [3] GDS2H8 3712 20 [Turn over (c) The student calculated the amount of energy gained by the water (output energy) to be 0.0042 kWh. Calculate the efficiency of the immersion heater. Examiner Only Marks Remark Efficiency = __________% [3] (d) To make hot water storage more efficient a consultant suggested wrapping a water tank with a thick fibreglass jacket. (i) Explain how this would make the hot water system more efficient. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe one property of fibreglass which makes it suitable for this use. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER GDS2H8 3712 21 [Turn over GDS2H8 0000 23 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 530-004-1 24 [Turn over

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