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UK GCSE 2007 : Higher Tier, Unit 2: Science for the needs of Society

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2007 Unit 2: Science for the needs of Society Higher Tier GDS22 Applied Science Double Award [GDS22] WEDNESDAY 6 JUNE, AFTERNOON TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all nine questions. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total Marks GDS2H7 2659 Marks 1 Many of the products we use today are obtained from plants. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Name two types of product obtained from plants. 1. __________________________ 2. __________________________ [2] (b) Plants are made from cells. A diagram of a typical plant cell is shown below. Q P R (i) Name the parts of the cell labelled P __________________________ Q __________________________ R __________________________ [3] (ii) Name one part of the plant cell which is also present in an animal cell. ___________________________________________________ [1] GDS2H7 2659 2 [Turn over (iii) Plants make their own food through the process of photosynthesis. Name the green pigment in plants needed for photosynthesis to occur. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Complete the word equation below for photosynthesis. Sunlight + + Examiner Only Marks Remark [2] GDS2H7 2659 3 [Turn over 2 Some of the different types of energy resources used to generate electricity in the UK are listed below. Examiner Only Marks Remark Coal Nuclear Gas Wind Oil (a) (i) Name two energy resources that are known as fossil fuels. 1. __________________________ 2. __________________________ [2] (ii) Give one problem caused by burning fossil fuels. ___________________________________________________ [1] (b) (i) Name a renewable energy resource from the list above. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Explain what is meant by the term renewable. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) State the name of a renewable energy resource not in the list above. ___________________________________________________ [1] (c) Plutonium is a radioactive element used as a nuclear fuel. State two problems caused by the use of nuclear fuels. 1. _______________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________ [2] GDS2H7 2659 4 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) GDS2H7 2659 5 [Turn over 3 Sulphuric acid, H2SO4, is produced on a large scale in an industrial process known as the Contact Process. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) (i) What is the name given to chemicals produced on a large scale? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Why is sulphuric acid described as inorganic? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Name the three elements in sulphuric acid, H2SO4. 1. __________________________ 2. __________________________ 3. __________________________ [3] (iv) How many atoms make up one molecule of sulphuric acid, H2SO4? _________ [1] GDS2H7 2659 6 [Turn over (b) Sulphuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce a salt, called sodium sulphate, and water. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) State the chemical formula for: Sodium hydroxide __________________________ Sodium sulphate __________________________ Water __________________________ [3] (ii) What is the name of this type of reaction? __________________________________________________ [1] (iii) The sodium sulphate is dissolved in the water. Describe briefly how you would obtain a dry sample of sodium sulphate crystals from the solution. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] GDS2H7 2659 7 [Turn over 4 (a) Doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals need to know about the workings of the human body. The lists below show some organs and their functions in the human body. Draw lines to link each organ with its correct function in the body. One line has been drawn for you. Organ Examiner Only Marks Remark Function Heart Gas exchange Pancreas Helps maintain constant body temperature Skin Pumps blood around the body Produces insulin to control blood glucose levels Lungs [3] (b) The diagram below shows the circulation of the blood through the heart, lungs and the body. The arrow shows the direction of the blood flow in blood vessel A. lungs blood ow A D B C heart body (i) On the diagram, draw an arrow to show the direction of the blood flow in blood vessel C. [1] GDS2H7 2659 8 [Turn over (ii) Which chamber of the heart, B or D, is filled with oxygenated blood? Give a reason for your choice. Examiner Only Marks Remark Chamber _____________ Reason for choice ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Blood must carry oxygen to every cell in the body so they can produce energy. What is the name of the process in which cells use oxygen to produce energy? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) What part of the blood carries oxygen? ___________________________________________________ [1] (c) Bacteria and viruses can cause infectious diseases when they enter the blood. The diagrams below show a bacterium and a virus. Bacterium Virus What part of the blood fights disease? __________________________ [1] GDS2H7 2659 9 [Turn over (d) Salmonella can be present in raw eggs and uncooked chicken. Infection with salmonella causes food poisoning. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Give two methods of protecting against infection by bacteria when cooking chicken. 1. ____________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Name one other disease in humans caused by bacteria. __________________________ [1] (e) Bird flu is posing a threat to public health. Explain why bird flu cannot be treated with antibiotics. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] GDS2H7 2659 10 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) GDS2H7 2659 11 [Turn over 5 A student is investigating the properties of four different materials. The results of his investigation are shown in the table below. Material Electrical Thermal conductivity conductivity Density Examiner Only Marks Remark Melting point W Very poor Very poor Medium Medium X Very good Very good High High Y Very poor Very poor Low Low Z Very poor Poor High Very high (a) Using the information from the table, identify which material is most likely to be: (i) a polymer _________ (ii) a ceramic _________ (iii) a metal _________ [3] (b) Material X is used for making saucepans. Describe briefly two reasons why it may be suitable for this use. Reason 1 _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Reason 2 _________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] GDS2H7 2659 12 [Turn over (c) Material Y contains atoms of carbon, chlorine and hydrogen. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Complete the diagram below to show the electronic structure of a 2 carbon, 16 C, atom. C [2] (ii) How many protons are in the nucleus of a carbon atom? _________ [1] (iii) What type of bonding would most likely be present in material Y? _________________ [1] (d) Material W is described as a thermosetting plastic. A diagram of a simple model of its structure is shown below. strong cross links between polymer chains long polymer chains (i) Using the diagram above, explain the following properties of material W. Property 1: Does not conduct electricity. Explanation: ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Property 2: Does not melt easily. Explanation: ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] GDS2H7 2659 13 [Turn over 6 Wheat is a crop grown on a large scale by farmers who use chemicals to improve the harvest. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) What is the name given to this type of farming? _______________________________________________________ [1] (b) The types of chemicals used when growing wheat are shown below. Match each type of chemical to the best description of what it does. One line has been drawn for you. Artificial Fertiliser Kills other plants that could compete with the wheat Fungicide Kills small animals that could eat the wheat Pesticide Provides nutrients that are needed by the wheat Herbicide Kills micro-organisms that could cause disease in the wheat [3] GDS2H7 2659 14 [Turn over (c) Present day wheat farmers would not easily recognise the wheat plants from hundreds of years ago. Look at the diagrams below. Wheat plant from hundreds of years ago Examiner Only Marks Remark Present day wheat plant (i) What is the main advantage of the present day wheat plant over its predecessor? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) The present day wheat plant is the product of selective breeding. Explain what is meant by the term selective breeding. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Some wheat plants have been genetically modified to make them disease resistant. This is a process known as genetic engineering. Describe how genetic engineering differs from selective breeding. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ [2] GDS2H7 2659 15 [Turn over 7 Iron metal has been used by humans for thousands of years to make many items such as tools and weapons. Iron is found in an ore in the ground. Iron is removed from its ore in the blast furnace. Examiner Only Marks Remark load of iron ore, coke and limestone gas outlet Stage 1 coke burns brick lining to furnace Stage 2 carbon monoxide made Stage 3 iron oxide reduced blasts of hot air outlet for slag molten slag (impurities) molten iron runs to the bottom and is tapped off outlet for iron Look at the diagram of the blast furnace above. (a) List three substances that come out of the blast furnace. 1. __________________________ 2. __________________________ 3. __________________________ GDS2H7 2659 [3] 16 [Turn over (b) (i) At Stage 1 coke (carbon) burns. Write a word equation for the reaction which takes place. Examiner Only Marks Remark _______________ + _______________ _______________ [3] (ii) At Stage 3 iron is removed from its ore, iron(III) oxide. State the chemical formula for iron(III) oxide. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) What is the name given to the type of reaction in which oxygen is removed from a metal? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Write a balanced, symbol equation for the reaction which is taking place at Stage 3. ___________ + ___________ ___________ + ___________ [4] (c) The reaction gives out a lot of energy. What is the name given to a reaction which gives out energy to its surroundings? _______________________________________________________ [1] GDS2H7 2659 17 [Turn over (d) Pure iron is quite soft. Most iron is used to make steel. Steel has a wide range of uses. Look at the table below. Material What does it contain? Does it rust? How hard is it? How strong is it? Iron Iron Yes Soft Strong Mild steel Iron + 0.1% carbon Yes Hard Very strong Stainless steel Iron + 10% nickel + 15% chromium No Harder What is it used for? Very strong Examiner Only Marks (i) Complete the table above by inserting a possible use for each material. Remark [3] (ii) What is the name given to metals such as steel? __________________________ [1] (e) The diagram below shows the structure of mild steel. iron atom carbon atom Using the diagram, explain why mild steel is less malleable than pure iron. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] GDS2H7 2659 18 [Turn over 8 Modern homes use many electrical appliances, such as televisions, cookers and kettles. The cost of running an electrical appliance may be calculated from its power. Power can be calculated from the current and voltage. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) An electrical kettle connected to the 240 V mains supply draws a current of 10 A. (i) Calculate the power of the kettle. Show your working. _____________ W [3] (ii) The cost of using the kettle is 9p per kWh. Calculate the cost of using the kettle for 5 hours. Use the formula Energy used = power time (kWh) (kW) (h) _____________ pence [3] GDS2H7 2659 19 [Turn over (b) A student carried out an experiment to show how the current in an electrical circuit depends on the voltage. Examiner Only Marks Remark The results are shown below. Voltage (V) 5 10 20 25 Current (A) 0.4 1.2 1.9 2.6 (i) Plot the results on the grid below. [3] (ii) Draw a line of best fit. [1] (iii) Use the graph to estimate the current when the voltage is 15 V. _____________ [1] (c) Modern electrical appliances are designed to work as efficiently as possible. Explain what is meant by the term efficiency when applied to an electrical appliance like a kettle. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] GDS2H7 2659 20 [Turn over 9 Car engines need a cooling system so that they do not overheat. Look at the diagram below. Examiner Only Marks Remark pump hot air into radiator fan engine cold (a) (i) What is the main process of heat transfer in this system? __________________________ [1] (ii) Name one other method of heat transfer by which heat may be lost from the engine. __________________________ [1] GDS2H7 2659 21 [Turn over (b) (i) Use the data in the table below to explain why it is better to use water as the coolant in the engine rather than oil. Oil 2300 4200 Freezing point ( C) 20 0 Boiling point ( C) 190 Remark Water Speci c heat capacity (J/kg C) Examiner Only Marks 100 Explanation: ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Describe one problem which may occur while using water as a coolant in a car engine. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) What is oil used for in a car engine? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER GDS2H7 2659 22 [Turn over S 7/06 7-104-1 [Turn over

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