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UK GCSE 2008 : Higher Tier, Chemistry Paper 1

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2008 Paper 1 Higher Tier G1403 Science: Chemistry [G1403] THURSDAY 5 JUNE, MORNING TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all five questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 120. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 3(c). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. A Data Leaflet which includes a Periodic Table of the Elements is provided. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 Total Marks G141H8 3345 Marks 1 In the Periodic Table elements are arranged in Groups. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Complete the table below to give the names of some of the Groups in the Periodic Table. Group Group name I VII 0 [3] (b) The table below shows some of the elements in the Periodic Table, arranged in their Groups. Group I II Li Be Na Mg K III V VI VII 0 C Ca Al IV N O F Ne Si P S Cl Ar Br Kr Rb How many of the elements listed in the table above are: (i) gases at room temperature and pressure? _______________ [1] (ii) metals? _______________ [1] (iii) semi-metals? _______________ [1] G141H8 3345 2 [Turn over (c) Use only the symbols of the elements in the table in (b) opposite to answer the questions below. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Write the symbol of an element which does not form compounds. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Write the symbol of the element which has the lowest number of protons in the nucleus. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Write the symbol of an element which forms an acidic oxide, and give the formula of the oxide. Symbol _______________ Formula ____________________ [2] (iv) Write the symbol of an element which forms an ion with a 2 charge. ___________________________________________________ [1] G141H8 3345 3 [Turn over (d) The elements of Group I react with water. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) State four observations you would make when potassium reacts with water. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [4] (ii) Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction of potassium with water. ___________________________________________________ [3] (iii) Will rubidium (Rb) react more or less vigorously than potassium? Give a reason for your answer. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iv) Suggest how rubidium may be safely stored. ___________________________________________________ [1] (v) Write the formula of the compound formed when rubidium reacts with the most reactive element in Group VII. ___________________________________________________ [1] G141H8 3345 4 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) G141H8 3345 5 [Turn over 2 (a) Many substances dissolve in water. Some of these dissolved substances can cause the water to be hard. Examiner Only Marks Remark What is meant by hard water? _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] (b) A student was given a sample of tap water and carried out the following tests on samples of the water in test tubes. Test Description of test Observed result 1 Addition of a solution of soap and shaking No lather formed 2a Boiling a sample of the water No observed change 2b Addition of a solution of soap to the boiled water and shaking No lather formed 3 Addition of solid hydrated sodium carbonate followed by soap solution and shaking Lather formed (i) What is the common name for hydrated sodium carbonate? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) What type of hardness is present in this sample of water? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Explain your answer to part (ii) above. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G141H8 3345 6 [Turn over (c) A sample of hard water is reacted with soap and an insoluble scum forms. Soap is sodium stearate, C17H35COONa. Examiner Only Marks Remark The equation for the reaction is as follows: 2C17H35COONa + Ca(HCO3)2 (C17H35COO)2Ca + 2NaHCO3 (i) Using the equation, state what type of hard water is used in this reaction with soap. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Suggest a name for (C17H35COO)2Ca. ___________________________________________________ [1] (d) A large sample of permanent hard water was heated until all the water was evaporated. A white solid remained. This white solid was left on a watch glass for a few days and it changed to a colourless liquid. A small sample of the colourless liquid was tested with silver nitrate solution and a white precipitate was observed. A flame test was carried out on a small sample of the colourless liquid and a brick-red flame colour was observed. (i) Explain why the white solid changed to a colourless liquid over a few days. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (ii) What is the name of the white precipitate formed when silver nitrate solution was added? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Using the result of the flame test, write the formula of the metal ion which is present in the colourless liquid. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Name the white solid. ___________________________________________________ [1] G141H8 3345 7 [Turn over (e) Hard water causes household problems in terms of its effect on kettles and water pipes. Salt is added to dishwashers to aid the removal of hardness from water by ion exchange. Examiner Only Marks Remark Source: Image: http://www.scalewizard.co.uk www.scalewizard.co.uk (i) Suggest two advantages of hardness in a household water supply. 1. ____________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Name one industry which benefits from hardness in a water supply. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Explain, in terms of the ions involved, how ion exchange removes hardness from water. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [4] G141H8 3345 8 [Turn over (f) 10 cm3 (= 10 g) of water were placed in a boiling tube containing a thermometer. 4.0 g of solid potassium chloride were added. The boiling tube was heated in a water bath until the solid dissolved completely. When cooled slowly, crystals appeared in the solution at 40 C. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Calculate the solubility of potassium chloride at 40 C. Solubility = _______________ g/100 g water [1] (ii) Explain what is meant by the term solubility. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [4] G141H8 3345 9 [Turn over 3 Approximately three-quarters of all elements are metals. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) A student decided to determine the order of reactivity of the metals copper, magnesium, nickel and zinc. Each metal was heated with the oxides of the other metals and the results obtained are summarised in the table below. Metal Copper Magnesium Nickel Zinc Reaction Reaction Metal oxide Copper oxide Reaction Magnesium oxide No reaction No reaction No reaction Nickel oxide No reaction Reaction Zinc oxide No reaction Reaction Reaction No reaction Write down the order of reactivity of the four metals from the most reactive to the least reactive. Most reactive: __________________ __________________ __________________ Least reactive: __________________ [1] (b) Aluminium is more reactive than iron. A mixture of aluminium powder and iron(III) oxide is heated. A very violent reaction occurs and molten iron is produced. (i) What name is given to this type of chemical reaction? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction taking place. ___________________________________________________ [3] (iii) State two safety precautions that should be taken when carrying out this reaction. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G141H8 3345 10 [Turn over (c) The method used to extract a metal from its ore depends on the position of the metal in the reactivity series. Describe in detail the process used to extract iron metal from its ore in the blast furnace. Examiner Only Marks Remark Your answer must include the following: The names of the raw materials used and where they are introduced into the blast furnace Balanced symbol equations for each of the stages of the process including the production of the reducing agent, the reduction of iron ore and the removal of impurities _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ [14] Quality of written communication G141H8 3345 [2] 11 [Turn over 4 (a) The theory of the atom has caused debate for thousands of years. In the late 19th century the Plum Pudding model of the atom was proposed. A diagram representing this model is shown as model 1 below. This was replaced at the beginning of the 20th century with model 2 which is also shown below. The neutron was not discovered until after these models were proposed. Examiner Only Marks Remark electrons nucleus Model 1 Plum Pudding model Model 2 (i) Describe the features of the Plum Pudding model of the atom. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Name the scientist who developed model 2. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Who discovered the existence of the neutron? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Suggest one feature of a neutron which made it difficult to detect. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] G141H8 3345 12 [Turn over (b) The table below gives some information about four different particles, A, B, C and D. Some of the particles are atoms and some are ions. (The letters A, B, C and D are not chemical symbols.) Particle Atomic number Mass number A 18 27 C 2,8,8 13 20 D 7 Remark Number Number Number Electronic of of of configuration protons neutrons electrons 40 B Examiner Only Marks 2,8 20 14 20 10 (i) Complete the table above. [4] (ii) Particle C is an atom. Explain, using the information in the table, why particle C is an atom. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Particle D is a negative ion. What is the charge on this ion? ___________________________________________________ [1] G141H8 3345 13 [Turn over (c) Hydrogen chloride, HCl, and water, H2O, are simple molecules which contain single covalent bonds. Hydrogen chloride has a boiling point of 85 C, whereas water has a boiling point of 100 C. Examiner Only Marks Remark O H Cl H H (i) Explain fully how a single covalent bond forms. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (ii) Explain fully why HCl has a low boiling point. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [4] (d) Hydrogen chloride dissolves in water and produces ions. This can be represented by the equation: HCl H+ + Cl (i) Name the ions produced. H+ ___________________________________________________ Cl ________________________________________________ [2] (ii) What is the common name for a solution of hydrogen chloride? ___________________________________________________ [1] G141H8 3345 14 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) G141H8 3345 15 [Turn over 5 (a) Two unknown hydrocarbons, A and B, belong to different homologous series. Examiner Only Marks Remark Both A and B undergo combustion in an excess of air. The equation for the combustion of hydrocarbon A (CxHy) in excess air can be represented by: CxHy + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O where x is the number of carbon atoms and y is the number of hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon A. (i) What is meant by the term hydrocarbon? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Explain what you understand by combustion. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (iii) What is meant by the term homologous series? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iv) Determine the values of x and y in hydrocarbon A using the equation given above. x = _______________ (v) y = _______________ [2] Name hydrocarbon A. ___________________________________________________ [1] G141H8 3345 16 [Turn over When hydrocarbon B is bubbled through bromine water, the bromine water retains its colour, yet when hydrocarbon A is bubbled through bromine water, the colour of the bromine water disappears. Examiner Only Marks Remark (vi) What is the initial colour of bromine water? ___________________________________________________ [1] (vii)To which homologous series does hydrocarbon B belong? ___________________________________________________ [1] (b) The maximum number of covalent bonds which oxygen atoms can form is 2. Complete the table below to show the maximum number of covalent bonds which hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms can form. Atom Number of bonds H O 2 C G141H8 3345 [2] 17 [Turn over (c) A monomer has the following structural formula Examiner Only Marks Remark H C6H5 C C HH and forms a commonly used polymer. (i) What is the common name for the monomer shown above? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) What term is used to describe the type of polymerisation which this monomer undergoes? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Draw the structural formula of the polymer. [2] (iv) State one use of this polymer. ___________________________________________________ [1] G141H8 3345 18 [Turn over (d) Ethyl ethanoate is an ester commonly used as a solvent in glue. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Draw the structural formula of ethyl ethanoate, showing all bonds. [2] (ii) Describe how you would prepare a small sample of ethyl ethanoate in a boiling tube, giving quantities and names of reagents required as well as the conditions necessary. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [6] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER G141H8 3345 19 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. S 2/07 530-002-1 [Turn over

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