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UK GCSE 2007 : Foundation Tier, Chemistry Paper 2

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2007 Paper 2 Foundation Tier G1402 Science: Chemistry [G1402] MONDAY 18 JUNE, MORNING TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all six questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 120. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 3(a)(iii). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. A Data Leaflet which includes a Periodic Table of the elements is provided. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Marks G142F7 2557 Marks 1 In the laboratory, a student carried out experiments using the elements sulphur and magnesium. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Complete the table below, stating the colour of each element, and place a tick ( ) in the appropriate column to indicate if the element is a metal or a non-metal. Element Tick ( ) one column below for each element Colour Metal Non-metal Sulphur Magnesium [4] (b) The student burned some sulphur and then some magnesium in air. Complete the table below, giving observations which occur during heating, and describe the products of each reaction. Element Observations during heating Description of products Sulphur Magnesium [8] (c) Write balanced symbol equations for the following reactions: (i) Sulphur burning in air. ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Magnesium burning in air. ___________________________________________________ [3] G142F7 2557 2 [Turn over (d) Many reactions in the laboratory involve oxidation or reduction. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) What is meant by the term oxidation? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Decide if the underlined substances in the table below have been oxidised or reduced and place a tick ( ) in the correct column. Reaction Oxidised Reduced Burning of sulphur Combustion of coal CuO + H2 Cu + H2O Rusting of iron [4] (iii) What two substances must be present to allow iron to rust? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G142F7 2557 3 [Turn over 2 (a) Sulphuric acid is a strong acid and is used in the production of many chemicals. It is used to make ammonium sulphate, an important fertiliser. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) What is the approximate pH of sulphuric acid? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Name one other strong acid. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction of sulphuric acid with ammonia to produce ammonium sulphate. ___________________________________________________ [3] (b) The method shown is used to find out if ammonium sulphate would be washed out of soil by rain. 50 cm3 water 50 Dry soil Wool plug 30 50 50 40 40 40 30 30 20 20 20 10 10 10 Measuring cylinder After one hour 30 20 10 (i) How much water has run through the soil after one hour? Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________ cm3 [1] (ii) Describe how you would find the pH of the water that has run through the soil. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G142F7 2557 4 [Turn over (c) Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali and is another important industrial chemical. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) What is the approximate pH of sodium hydroxide solution? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Name one other strong alkali. ___________________________________________________ [1] (d) Sodium sulphate, produced by the reaction between sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide, is used in washing powders. The composition of two washing powders, A and B, is shown below. Percentage composition of washing powders (%) Powder sodium sodium sulphate carbonate sodium silicate soap detergent A 29 20 20 0 15 B 35 0 26 6 13 Dilute nitric acid was added to each of the powders. Only one of the powders reacted. (i) Which of the powders reacted with dilute nitric acid? Explain your answer. Powder ______________________________________________ Explanation ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) During the reaction, a gas was produced. Name the gas. ___________________________________________________ [1] G142F7 2557 5 [Turn over 3 (a) A solution of copper(II) sulphate is used as the electrolyte in the refining of copper metal. Impure copper is used as the anode. A piece of pure copper is used as the cathode. Examiner Only Marks Remark + lamp A B (i) What terms should be used to label the diagram at the points shown? A ____________________________________________________ B _________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Explain what is meant by the term electrolyte. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (iii) Explain, in terms of the particles involved, why the lamp lights when the circuit is connected as shown above. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] Quality of written communication G142F7 2557 [2] 6 [Turn over (iv) State one use of copper metal. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ [1] (b) The table below details the changes which occur during the electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride solution using titanium electrodes. (i) Complete the table giving the colour and physical state of the products formed at the electrodes. Electrode Observations Name of Product Colour Anode CHLORINE State Colour Cathode HYDROGEN State [4] (ii) Suggest one reason why titanium is a good material to use for the electrodes. ___________________________________________________ [1] G142F7 2557 7 [Turn over (c) Aluminium is extracted from its ore by the electrolysis of a molten mixture containing aluminium oxide. The molten mixture contains a substance called cryolite which reduces the temperature required from over 2000 C to around 900 C. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) What is the name of the main ore of aluminium? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Write a balanced symbol equation for the production of aluminium and oxygen from aluminium oxide. ___________________________________________________ [3] (iii) State one other purpose of the cryolite in the process. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Name one other metal which is extracted from its ore by electrolysis. ___________________________________________________ [1] G142F7 2557 8 [Turn over 4 The Periodic Table is a tool used by chemists to understand the behaviour of the elements. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) The table below is part of the table of elements devised by the English chemist John Newlands in 1860. Repeating patterns of properties were observed in the elements up to calcium. H F Cl Li Na K Be Mg Ca B Al C Si N P O S (i) What name did Newlands give to the repeating pattern observed in the properties of the elements? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Which group of elements, present in the modern Periodic Table, is missing from Newlands table above? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Explain why this group was missing from Newlands classification of elements. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] G142F7 2557 9 [Turn over Examiner he (b) Dmitri Mendeleev produced a more comprehensive table of elements in 1869 which Only Marks Remark called the Periodic System of Elements. The table below shows part of this arrangement of elements together with their atomic weights . H 1 Li 7 Be 9.4 B Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27.4 K 39 Ca Rb 85.4 40 11 C 12 N 14 O 16 F Si 28 P 31 S 32 Cl 35.5 As 75 Se 79.4 Element A Br 19 80 Zn 65.2 Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Suggest two reasons why zinc, Zn, could be grouped with magnesium and calcium. Reason 1 _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Reason 2 _____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Mendeleev gave Element A the name eka-silicon and predicted its properties. What name was given to this element when it was discovered? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) State two features of Mendeleev s table of elements which are different from the modern Periodic Table. 1. ____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G142F7 2557 10 [Turn over (c) Some of the elements of period 3 of the modern Periodic Table are shown below. Complete the table giving the formulae of the chlorides of these elements. Element sodium magnesium aluminium Examiner Only Marks Remark silicon chloride [4] (d) The elements of group VII of the modern Periodic Table exhibit trends in many different physical and chemical properties. F Cl Br I (i) What is the name given to group VII of the Periodic Table? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Group VII elements exist as diatomic molecules. What is meant by the term diatomic? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Name one other element apart from those in group VII which is diatomic. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Fluorine and chlorine are gases at room temperature and pressure. Name one other non-metal which is a gas at room temperature and pressure. ___________________________________________________ [1] G142F7 2557 11 [Turn over (v) Bromine is a liquid at room temperature and pressure. Name one other element which is a liquid at room temperature and pressure. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ [1] (vi) Which is the most reactive of the group VII elements shown in the table? ___________________________________________________ [1] (vii) Iodine, when heated, undergoes sublimation. What is meant by the term sublimation? ___________________________________________________ [1] G142F7 2557 12 [Turn over 5 Water is often described as the universal solvent because many more substances dissolve in water than in any other solvent. When a substance dissolves in water, an aqueous solution is produced. Sometimes a saturated solution is produced. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) (i) Complete the following: _____________________ + solvent solution [1] (ii) Explain what is meant by a saturated solution. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Explain, in terms of particles, what happens when a solid, such as sodium chloride, dissolves in water. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] G142F7 2557 13 [Turn over (b) (i) The crystals of some salts contain water of crystallisation and are described as hydrated salts. Explain what is meant by water of crystallisation. Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) The water of crystallisation can be removed from hydrated salts by heating. Draw a labelled diagram of the assembled apparatus used to remove and collect the water of crystallisation from a hydrated salt. [5] (c) Water which contains substances that are bad for health is polluted water. One of the main causes of this pollution is the presence of nitrates. (i) What is the main source of these nitrates? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) State two medical problems associated with high levels of nitrates in drinking water. 1. ____________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ [2] G142F7 2557 14 [Turn over (d) In some parts of Northern Ireland the tap water is described as hard water. Hardness in water can be temporary or permanent. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) What is meant by the term hard water? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) State the chemical name of a compound which causes temporary hardness in water. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) State two disadvantages associated with hard water. 1. ____________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ [2] G142F7 2557 15 [Turn over 6 Carbon is a solid non-metallic element. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Name two other solid non-metals. _________________________ and _________________________ [2] (b) Carbon undergoes complete combustion in a plentiful supply of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide gas. (i) Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction. ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) If the oxygen supply is limited, a different gas is produced. Name this gas. ___________________________________________________ [1] (c) Carbon dioxide can be made in the laboratory using the apparatus shown below: Solution A Carbon dioxide Water Solid B (i) Identify Solution A and Solid B. Solution A ____________________________________________ Solid B ____________________________________________ [2] (ii) State one observation made during the reaction. ___________________________________________________ [1] G142F7 2557 16 [Turn over (d) Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form a solution. A few drops of universal indicator are added to the solution. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Suggest a pH value for the solution. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Name the solution formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. ___________________________________________________ [1] (e) (i) When a strip of burning magnesium ribbon is lowered into a gas jar of carbon dioxide it continues to burn. A white ash with black specks is produced. State the chemical name for the white ash and the black specks. White ash ____________________________________________ Black specks _______________________________________ [2] (ii) Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction. ___________________________________________________ [3] G142F7 2557 17 [Turn over (f) When a gas jar of carbon dioxide is positioned above a burning candle, as shown in the diagram, the candle goes out. Examiner Only Marks Remark Gas jar of carbon dioxide Candle What two properties of carbon dioxide are demonstrated by this experiment? 1. _______________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________ [2] (g) State two uses of carbon dioxide. 1. _______________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________ [2] G142F7 2557 18 [Turn over THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER S 142F7 2557 G 6/06 7-079-1 20 [Turn over

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