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UK GCSE 2007 : Higher Tier, Chemistry Paper 2

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2007 Paper 2 Higher Tier G1404 Science: Chemistry [G1404] MONDAY 18 JUNE, MORNING TIME 2 hours. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all seven questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 160. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 3(a)(iii). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. A Data Leaflet which includes a Periodic Table of the Elements is provided. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Marks G142H7 2558 Marks 1 In the laboratory, a student carried out experiments using the elements sulphur and magnesium. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Complete the table below, stating the colour of each element. Element Colour Sulphur Magnesium [2] (b) The student burned some sulphur and then some magnesium in air. Complete the table below, giving observations which occur during heating and describe the products of each reaction. Element Observations during heating Description of products Sulphur Magnesium [8] (c) Write balanced symbol equations for the following reactions: (i) Sulphur burning in air. ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Magnesium burning in air. ___________________________________________________ [3] G142H7 2558 2 [Turn over (d) Many laboratory reactions involve oxidation. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Explain why the burning of sulphur in air is an oxidation reaction. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) The burning of magnesium in air can be represented by the half equation: Mg Mg2+ + 2e Explain in terms of electrons why this is an oxidation reaction. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (e) The extraction of iron from its ore, haematite, in the blast furnace can be described as a redox reaction. (i) What is meant by the term redox? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Write a balanced symbol equation for the extraction of iron from haematite. ___________________________________________________ [3] (iii) Apart from haematite, name two other substances added to the blast furnace. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G142H7 2558 3 [Turn over 2 Different factors affect the speed of a chemical reaction. Light and the presence of a catalyst are two of these factors. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Photographic film is a gel containing silver(I) ions. When light reaches the photographic film, the silver(I) ions are converted to silver and the silver appears as dark spots. Write an ionic equation for the conversion of silver(I) ions to silver. _______________________________________________________ [2] (b) A solution of hydrogen peroxide may be decomposed using a catalyst. The diagram below shows an assembled apparatus used to carry out the decomposition and measure the volume of oxygen gas produced. A delivery tube inverted measuring cylinder oxygen clamp B trough hydrogen peroxide water C catalyst (i) What labels should be in positions A, B and C? A ___________________________________________________ B ___________________________________________________ C _________________________________________________ [3] (ii) What is the name of the catalyst used in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) What other piece of apparatus could be used to measure the volume of oxygen produced? ___________________________________________________ [1] G142H7 2558 4 [Turn over (iv) What is meant by the term catalyst? Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (v) Write a balanced symbol equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. ___________________________________________________ [3] (c) The volume of oxygen produced by decomposing 25.0 cm3 of a 0.1 mol/dm3 solution of hydrogen peroxide at 10 C, 25 C and 40 C is measured and plotted on the graph below. 70 60 40 C Gas volume/cm3 50 25 C 40 10 C 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time/s 70 80 90 100 State and explain fully, in terms of particles, the effect of temperature on the rate of the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Effect of temperature: _______________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Explanation: _______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [4] G142H7 2558 5 [Turn over (d) The manufacture of nitric acid is represented in the diagram below. Nitrogen and hydrogen are used to make ammonia in the Haber Process and the ammonia is then oxidised using a catalyst. Complete the two tables giving the equation for each reaction, the name of the catalyst and the temperature and pressure used. NITROGEN Examiner Only Marks Remark HYDROGEN Equation [3] Catalyst [1] Temperature ( C) [1] Pressure (atm) [1] AMMONIA Equation [3] Catalyst [1] Temperature ( C) [1] Pressure (atm) [1] NITROGEN MONOXIDE NITROGEN DIOXIDE NITRIC ACID G142H7 2558 6 [Turn over 3 (a) A solution of copper(II) sulphate is used as the electrolyte in the refining of copper metal. Impure copper is used as the anode. A piece of pure copper is used as the cathode. Examiner Only Marks Remark + lamp A B (i) What terms should be used to label the diagram at the points shown? A ___________________________________________________ B _________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Explain what is meant by the term electrolyte. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (iii) Explain, in terms of the particles involved, why the lamp lights when the circuit is connected as shown above. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] Quality of written communication G142H7 2558 [2] 7 [Turn over (iv) State one use of copper metal. Examiner Only Marks Remark ___________________________________________________ [1] (b) The table below details the changes which occur during the electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride solution using titanium electrodes. (i) Complete the table giving the colour and physical state of the product formed at the anode and give the half equation for the ionic reaction occurring at the cathode. Electrode Observations Half equation Colour 2Cl Cl2 +2e Anode State Colour Colourless State Gas Cathode [5] (ii) Suggest one reason why titanium is a good material to use for the electrodes. ___________________________________________________ [1] G142H7 2558 8 [Turn over (c) Aluminium is extracted from its ore by the electrolysis of a molten mixture containing aluminium oxide. The molten mixture also contains a substance called cryolite which reduces the temperature required from over 2000 C to around 900 C. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) What is the name of the main ore of aluminium? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Write a balanced symbol equation for the production of aluminium and oxygen from aluminium oxide. ___________________________________________________ [3] (iii) State one other purpose of the cryolite in the process. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Name one other metal which is extracted from its ore by electrolysis. ___________________________________________________ [1] G142H7 2558 9 [Turn over 4 The Periodic Table is a tool used by chemists to understand the behaviour of the elements. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) The table below is part of the table of elements devised by the English chemist John Newlands in 1860. Repeating patterns of properties were observed in the elements up to calcium. H F Cl Li Na K Be Mg Ca B Al C Si N P O S (i) What name did Newlands give to the repeating pattern observed in the properties of the elements? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Which group of elements, present in the modern Periodic Table, is missing from Newlands table above? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Explain why this group was missing from Newlands classification of elements. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] G142H7 2558 10 [Turn over Examiner he (b) Dmitri Mendeleev produced a more comprehensive table of elements in 1869 which Only Marks Remark called the Periodic System of Elements. The table below shows part of this arrangement of elements together with their atomic weights . H 1 Li 7 Be 9.4 B Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27.4 K 39 Ca Rb 85.4 40 11 C 12 N 14 O 16 F Si 28 P 31 S 32 Cl 35.5 As 75 Se 79.4 Element A Br 19 80 Zn 65.2 Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Suggest two reasons why zinc, Zn, could be grouped with magnesium and calcium. Reason 1 ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Reason 2 ______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Mendeleev gave Element A the name eka-silicon and predicted its properties. What name was given to this element when it was discovered? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) State two features of Mendeleev s table of elements which are different from the modern Periodic Table. 1. ____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G142H7 2558 11 [Turn over (c) The elements of group VII of the modern Periodic Table exhibit trends in many different physical and chemical properties. Examiner Only Marks Remark F Cl Br I (i) What is the name given to group VII of the Periodic Table? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Group VII elements exist as diatomic molecules. What is meant by the term diatomic? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Name two other elements apart from those in group VII which are diatomic. 1. ____________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ [2] (iv) Fluorine and chlorine are gases at room temperature and pressure. Name one other non-metal which is a gas at room temperature and pressure. ___________________________________________________ [1] (v) Bromine is a liquid at room temperature and pressure. Name one other element which is a liquid at room temperature and pressure. ___________________________________________________ [1] (vi) Which is the most reactive of the group VII elements shown above? ___________________________________________________ [1] (vii) Iodine, when heated, undergoes sublimation. What is meant by the term sublimation? ___________________________________________________ [2] G142H7 2558 12 [Turn over (d) The diagram below shows the relative atomic size of the group VII elements. Examiner Only Marks Remark Group VII F Cl Br I (i) Explain why the relative atomic size increases as atomic number increases in Group VII. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) State the trend observed in relative atomic size going across period 3 from sodium to argon. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] G142H7 2558 13 [Turn over 5 (a) Water which contains substances that are bad for health is polluted water. One of the main causes of this pollution is the presence of nitrates. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) What is the main source of these nitrates? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) State two medical problems associated with high levels of nitrates in drinking water. 1. ____________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ [2] (b) In some parts of Northern Ireland the tap water is described as hard water. Hardness in water can be temporary or permanent. (i) What is meant by the term hard water? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Name a compound which causes temporary hardness in water. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Write a balanced symbol equation to show how temporary hardness can be removed from water by boiling. ___________________________________________________ [2] G142H7 2558 14 [Turn over (iv) Permanent hardness may be removed by adding washing soda to the water. Explain, in terms of ions, how washing soda can soften water. Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [5] (v) State one disadvantage associated with hard water. ___________________________________________________ [1] (c) Some substances dissolve very well in water and are said to have a high solubility. Define the term solubility. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [4] G142H7 2558 15 [Turn over (d) The solubility curves for three potassium salts are shown on the graph opposite. Study the solubility curves and answer the following questions. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Which potassium salt is the least soluble at 40 C? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) What is the minimum mass of water needed to dissolve 180 g of potassium bromide at 80 C? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) When 1 kg of water saturated with potassium chloride is cooled from 80 C to 50 C, what mass of solid crystallises out of solution? [4] G142H7 2558 16 [Turn over 250 Potassium nitrate 240 230 220 210 200 190 180 170 160 Solubility/g/100 g water 150 140 130 120 110 Potassium bromide 100 90 80 70 60 Potassium chloride 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 G142H7 2558 10 20 30 40 50 60 Temperature/ C 17 70 80 90 100 [Turn over 6 The quantity of sulphuric acid produced by a country has been linked to economic stability. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) (i) Name the industrial process used to produce sulphuric acid. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Complete the table below to give the operating conditions which are used in the industrial manufacture of sulphuric acid. Temperature ( C) Pressure (atm) Catalyst [3] (iii) The sulphuric acid obtained in this process is concentrated. Describe in detail how a sample of concentrated acid should be safely diluted using water. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (b) Some of the reactions of concentrated sulphuric acid are summarised in the diagram below. Black Solid A + Gas B White Powder C + sugar Reaction 1 Reaction 2 + hydrated copper(II) sulphate Concentrated Sulphuric Acid + sodium Reaction 3 + chloride Sodium Hydrogen Sulphate + Hydrogen Chloride Gas G142H7 2558 18 [Turn over (i) Identify Solid A and Gas B. Examiner Only Marks Remark Solid A ______________________________________________ Gas B _____________________________________________ [2] (ii) What would you observe during Reaction 1? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (iii) Name the white powder C. ___________________________________________________ [2] (iv) What property of concentrated sulphuric acid is demonstrated in Reactions 1 and 2? ___________________________________________________ [1] (v) Write a balanced symbol equation for Reaction 3. ___________________________________________________ [2] (vi) Describe how you would carry out a chemical test for the presence of hydrogen chloride gas, stating the observations you would make for a positive test. Test: _________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Observations: __________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [4] G142H7 2558 19 [Turn over 7 Sulphuric acid is used in the production of many chemicals. It is used to make ammonium sulphate, an important fertiliser. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction of sulphuric acid with ammonia to produce ammonium sulphate. _______________________________________________________ [3] (b) The method shown below is used to find out if ammonium sulphate would be washed out of soil by rain. 50 cm3 water 50 Dry soil Wool plug 40 50 50 40 40 After one hour 30 30 20 20 20 10 10 10 Measuring cylinder 30 (i) Describe how you would find the pH of the water that has run through the soil. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G142H7 2558 20 [Turn over (ii) A sample of this water was heated with some sodium hydroxide solution in a boiling tube and the gas evolved was tested with damp universal indicator paper as shown below. Examiner Only Marks Remark Damp universal indicator paper HEAT What happens to the damp universal indicator paper if ammonium sulphate is present in the water? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Explain your answer to part (b)(ii) above. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iv) Describe how you would test the water to show that sulphate ions are present. State the observations you would make for a positive test. Test: _________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Result: _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] G142H7 2558 21 [Turn over (c) Sodium sulphate, produced by the reaction between sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide, is used in washing powders. The composition of two washing powders, A and B, is shown below. Examiner Only Marks Remark Percentage composition of washing powders (%) Powder sodium sulphate sodium carbonate sodium silicate soap detergent A 29 20 20 0 15 B 35 0 26 6 13 Dilute nitric acid was added to each of the powders. Only one of the powders reacted. (i) Which of the powders reacted with dilute nitric acid? Explain your answer. Powder ______________________________________________ Explanation ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) During the reaction, a gas was produced. Name the gas produced in the reaction. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) A flame test was carried out on powder A and powder B and it gave the same result for each. State the flame colour observed. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Suggest the formula of sodium silicate. ___________________________________________________ [1] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER G142H7 2558 22 [Turn over S 6/06 7-088-1

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