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UK GCSE 2009 : Higher Tier, Chemistry Paper 2

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2009 Paper 2 Higher Tier G1404 Science: Chemistry [G1404] WEDNESDAY 17 JUNE, MORNING TIME 2 hours. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all seven questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 160. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 2(c)(ii). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. A Data Leaflet which includes a Periodic Table of the Elements is provided. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Marks 4538 Marks BLANK PAGE 4538 2 [Turn over 1 The Periodic Table contains all known elements. It evolved from the study of the trends and patterns in the physical and chemical properties of the elements. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) (i) Name the Russian chemist who devised a Periodic Table very similar to the modern Periodic Table used today. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Fill in the blanks in the following passage. The modern Periodic Table arranges the elements in order of increasing atomic __________________ whereas early versions of the Periodic Table arranged them in order of increasing atomic __________________. [2] (iii) State one other difference between the modern Periodic Table and early versions of the Periodic Table. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Name the English chemist who devised a law of octaves for the elements. ___________________________________________________ [1] (b) The Periodic Table groups together elements with similar properties. (i) How many groups are there in the Periodic Table? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) In which group would you find the most reactive metals? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Name the group which contains only non-metals which are unreactive. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) How does the reactivity of the elements in Group II change on descending the group? ___________________________________________________ [1] 4538 3 [Turn over (c) There are many patterns and trends in the Periodic Table. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) What is the name given to the horizontal rows in the Periodic Table? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) What is the relationship between the position of an element in the Periodic Table and the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom of the element? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Describe the trend in atomic size on moving across the Periodic Table from sodium to argon. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Most elements may be classified as metals or non-metals. Name one element which is classified as a semi-metal and state one reason why it may be classified in this way. Element: ______________________________________________ Reason: _______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] 4538 4 [Turn over (d) Samples of oxides of elements were tested for their solubility in water. The pH of any resulting solution was recorded. The reaction of the oxides with dilute hydrochloric acid was also noted. The results are summarised in the table below. Unknown oxide Soluble in water pH of solution YES 14 YES B NO YES C YES 2 NO D YES 4 Remark Reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid A Examiner Only Marks NO (i) Which letters represent oxides of non-metal elements? ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Which letter represents an alkali? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Suggest a chemical name for the unknown oxide, B. ___________________________________________________ [1] (e) Some elements form neutral oxides. Name one element which forms a neutral oxide and write the formula of this oxide. Element: _________________________________________________ Formula of oxide: ________________________________________ [2] 4538 5 [Turn over 2 (a) Gunpowder is an explosive material which contains the salt potassium nitrate. In the 15th and 16th centuries potassium nitrate was obtained from urine. Nowadays potassium nitrate can be manufactured by neutralisation. Examiner Only Marks Remark Gun Gun Powder Gun Powder XXX Powder XXX XXX (i) What do you understand by the term salt? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Write the formula for potassium nitrate. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Name two compounds which would react together to form potassium nitrate. 1. ____________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ [2] 4538 6 [Turn over (b) Copper(II) chloride is a soluble salt which may be prepared by adding excess copper(II) carbonate to hydrochloric acid. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) What would you observe when solid copper(II) carbonate is added to dilute hydrochloric acid? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] (ii) Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction of copper(II) carbonate with hydrochloric acid. ___________________________________________________ [3] (iii) How would you remove the excess copper(II) carbonate from the solution of the salt? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Hydrated copper(II) chloride contains 2 moles of water of crystallisation. Write the formula of hydrated copper(II) chloride. ___________________________________________________ [1] (v) Describe how you prove experimentally that the hydrated copper(II) chloride crystals contain water. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [4] 4538 7 [Turn over (c) (i) A pure solution of the copper(II) chloride was tested as shown in the diagram below. Complete the boxes to state what you would observe when the two tests are carried out. Examiner Only Marks Remark copper(II) chloride solution TEST FOR COPPER(II) IONS carry out a flame test Observations: TEST FOR CHLORIDE IONS add silver nitrate solution Observations: [3] (ii) Describe how you would carry out a flame test. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [4] Quality of written communication 4538 [2] 8 [Turn over (d) Zinc hydroxide reacts with both acids and alkalis to form different salts. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) What name is given to a compound like zinc hydroxide which reacts with acids and alkalis? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction of zinc hydroxide with hydrochloric acid. ___________________________________________________ [3] (iii) What is the name of the salt produced when zinc hydroxide reacts with sodium hydroxide solution? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Name one other compound which reacts with both acids and alkalis. ___________________________________________________ [1] 4538 9 [Turn over 3 Bordeaux mixture is a combination of copper(II) sulphate and calcium hydroxide invented in the vineyards of the Bordeaux region of France, and used mainly to control fungus on grapes, apples and peaches. Examiner Only Marks Remark Source: http://www.organiccatalog.com/catalog/product_info.php?cPath=61_181&products_id=517 (a) Bordeaux mixture is prepared by making a solution of copper(II) sulphate and a solution of calcium hydroxide, and the two solutions are then poured together through a strainer. (i) What colour is copper(II) sulphate solution? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) What colour is calcium hydroxide solution? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) What is the common name for a solution of calcium hydroxide? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Name the gas which can be positively identified by using a solution of calcium hydroxide. ___________________________________________________ [1] 4538 10 [Turn over (b) To prepare a solution of copper(II) sulphate for use in Bordeaux mixture, 6.8 g of hydrated copper(II) sulphate crystals were crushed and added to 20 g of water in a boiling tube. Examiner Only Marks Remark The mixture was stirred with a thermometer and heated very gently in a water bath. All the crystals dissolved and a saturated solution was obtained at 50 C. (i) Draw a labelled diagram of the assembled apparatus used to heat and dissolve the copper(II) sulphate crystals. [4] (ii) Explain what is meant by the term saturated solution. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Calculate the solubility of copper(II) sulphate at 50 C. _______________ g/100 g water [2] 4538 11 [Turn over (c) A solubility curve for copper(II) sulphate is shown below. Examiner Only Marks Remark 90 80 Solubility/g/100 g water 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Temperature/ C Use the solubility curve to answer the questions which follow. (i) Suggest why the temperature axis does not go above 100 C. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) What is the solubility of copper(II) sulphate at 70 C? _______________________________________ g/100 g water [1] (iii) A hot solution of copper(II) sulphate containing 40 g of copper sulphate in 100 g of water was cooled from 80 C to 30 C. At what temperature would crystals begin to form? ______________ C [1] 4538 12 [Turn over (iv) A saturated solution of copper(II) sulphate in 50 g of water at 60 C was cooled from 60 C to 30 C. What mass of crystals was deposited? Examiner Only Marks Remark _______________ g [4] (d) Like Bordeaux mixture, sulphur dioxide gas is used to control fungus on grapes. (i) How does the solubility of sulphur dioxide gas change as the temperature increases? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) State one other use for sulphur dioxide. ___________________________________________________ [1] 4538 13 [Turn over 4 (a) The diagram shows how crude oil is separated into useful products. Examiner Only Marks Remark refinery gases gasoline kerosene diesel oil fuel oil crude oil HEATER bitumen (i) Name the process of separation shown in the diagram. ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) The products contain compounds which contain only two elements. Name these two elements. ___________________________________________________ [2] (b) When the oil has been separated in this way there is often too much fuel oil. The large molecules of fuel oil can be broken down into smaller, more useful molecules as shown below. LARGE MOLECULES PROCESS X SMALLER MOLECULES (i) What is the name of process X? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) State one condition which is used in process X. ___________________________________________________ [1] 4538 14 [Turn over (c) In the United Kingdom there are a large number of pipes carrying different gases. Two of the main gases carried by pipeline are methane and propene. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Draw the structural formula of methane and propene in the table below. Methane Propene [2] (ii) Gas may leak from damaged pipes. Describe a chemical test which could be used to identify if a sample of the leaked gas was methane or propene. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [4] (iii) Methane is the gas used for cooking and heating in many homes. Write a balanced symbol equation for the combustion of methane in excess air. ___________________________________________________ [3] (iv) If a heating system is not serviced the methane may burn in a limited supply of air. Explain why this is dangerous. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] 4538 15 [Turn over (d) Ethene is used in many industrial reactions such as the one represented below. HH | | n C=C | | HH Examiner Only Marks Remark HH | | C C | | H Hn (i) State fully the type of chemical reaction shown above. ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Name the product formed in this reaction. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) State one use of this product. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) What does n represent in the equation above? ___________________________________________________ [1] (e) Ethene is also used in industry to make ethanol. (i) Write a balanced symbol equation for the manufacture of ethanol from ethene. ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Draw the structural formula of ethanol. [2] (iii) Suggest one reason why ethanol is used as a solvent in perfumes. ___________________________________________________ [1] 4538 16 [Turn over (f) Ethanol can also be produced by fermentation of sugar solution. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) What must be added to the sugar solution to allow fermentation to occur? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) What two conditions are required for fermentation? 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ [2] 4538 17 [Turn over 5 Metals show a variety of physical and chemical properties. Some metals react with cold water and others, which do not react with cold water, will react with steam. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) (i) Some of the physical properties of metals and their meanings are given in the table below. Complete the table. Physical Property Meaning can be drawn out into wires lustrous [2] (ii) Explain in terms of structure why metals are malleable. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (b) Both potassium and calcium react with cold water. Complete both of the tables below stating the observations and writing a balanced symbol equation for each reaction. potassium and water observations [4] balanced symbol equation [3] calcium and water observations [3] balanced symbol equation 4538 [3] 18 [Turn over (c) Zinc does not react with cold water, but does react with steam. Examiner Only Marks Remark The diagram below shows the apparatus used to react zinc with steam and to collect the gaseous product. damp mineral wool zinc gas A bung delivery tube HEAT gas jar beehive shelf HEAT trough water (i) Explain why the damp mineral wool is heated. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) What is the name of gas A? ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction of zinc with steam. ___________________________________________________ [2] (iv) Name one other metal which does not react with cold water but does react with steam. ___________________________________________________ [1] 4538 19 [Turn over 6 Heat plays an important role in many industrial processes, such as the production of iron in the blast furnace and the production of aluminium by electrolysis. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) In the blast furnace, blasts of hot air are blown in at the bottom of the furnace. This causes one of the raw materials, limestone, to break down. Carbon dioxide is a waste gas produced in the blast furnace. (i) Name an ore from which iron may be extracted. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) What term is used to describe the breaking down of a compound using heat? ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Write a balanced symbol equation for the breaking down of limestone using heat. ___________________________________________________ [2] (iv) What is the main purpose of adding limestone to the blast furnace? ___________________________________________________ [1] (v) State one environmental problem caused by the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. ___________________________________________________ [1] 4538 20 [Turn over (b) Aluminium is extracted from its ore, bauxite, which is an impure form of aluminium oxide. The ore is purified and the pure aluminium oxide is added to molten cryolite before it is electrolysed. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Write the formula of aluminium oxide. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) At what temperature is the electrolysis carried out? __________________________________________________ [1] (iii) State two purposes of the cryolite. 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________ [2] (iv) Suggest two reasons why the extraction of aluminium from its ore is much more expensive than the extraction of iron from its ore. 1. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ [2] (v) Bauxite is obtained from the earth by open cast mining. Identify two negative effects of mining on the local environment. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (vi) State one use of aluminium. __________________________________________________ [1] 4538 21 [Turn over 7 Hydrogen peroxide decomposes in the presence of solid manganese(IV) oxide to produce water and oxygen. The apparatus shown below was used to investigate the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide solution. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) 20 cm3 of hydrogen peroxide solution were added to 1.0 g of solid manganese(IV) oxide at 20 C. Loose plug of cotton wool 20 cm3 of hydrogen peroxide 1.0 g manganese(IV) oxide Balance The following results were obtained. Time (minutes) Mass of oxygen lost (g) 0 0.00 1 0.23 2 0.34 4 0.45 5 0.47 6 0.48 7 0.48 (i) Write a balanced symbol equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. ___________________________________________________ [3] (ii) What is the purpose of the cotton wool plug? ___________________________________________________ [1] 4538 22 [Turn over (iii) Plot a graph of mass of oxygen lost (g) against time (minutes) on the axes given below. 0.6 0.5 Mass of oxygen lost/g 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Time/minutes Examiner Only Marks Remark [3] (iv) Use the graph to determine the mass of oxygen lost after 3 minutes. ___________________________________________________ [1] (v) How could you experimentally investigate the rate of this reaction without measuring the mass of oxygen lost? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] 4538 23 [Turn over (b) At the end of this experiment the manganese(IV) oxide can be recovered. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Draw a labelled diagram of the assembled apparatus which could be used to recover the manganese(IV) oxide at the end of the experiment. [3] (ii) How would you experimentally prove that the manganese(IV) oxide was not used up in this experiment? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) What is the role of manganese(IV) oxide in this experiment? ___________________________________________________ [1] 4538 24 [Turn over (c) To investigate the effect of temperature on this reaction, 20 cm3 of hydrogen peroxide were heated to 40 C and added to 1.0 g of manganese(IV) oxide in the same apparatus as shown in part (a). The reaction was over in 4 minutes. Examiner Only Marks Remark State and explain, in terms of particles, the effect of increasing the temperature of the hydrogen peroxide on the rate of the reaction. Effect: _____________________________________________ ____ [1] Explanation: ______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [3] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER 4538 25 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 938-020-1 [Turn over

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