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UK GCSE 2010 : Higher Tier, Biology Paper 1

28 pages, 67 questions, 1 questions with responses, 1 total responses,

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2010 Paper 1 Higher Tier G0903 Science: Biology [G0903] FRIDAY 21 MAY, MORNING For Examiner s use only Question Number TIME 1 hour 30 minutes 1 2 3 4 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all eighteen questions. 5 6 7 8 9 10 INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 120. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 6(b) Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Total Marks 5600 Marks BLANK PAGE 5600 2 [Turn over 1 (a) Complete the table of changes which happen during puberty. Examiner Only Marks Change during puberty Boys Remark Girls Growth spurt [1] Yes No Menstruation [1] [1] (b) Name the hormone which causes these changes in girls and describe where it is produced. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 5600 3 [Turn over 2 The diagram shows a method used to investigate microorganisms. Examiner Only Marks Remark Streak the sample of microorganism on to a sterile agar plate Tape Seal the plate with tape Incubate at 20 C 20 C Adapted from Microbes in Action by Dr C J Clegg, published by John Murray, 2002, ISBN 0719575540 (a) Name two groups of microorganisms. 1. _____________________________ [1] 2. _____________________________ [1] (b) Use the diagram and your knowledge to describe two ways unwanted microorganisms can be prevented from entering the agar plate while streaking the sample. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 5600 4 [Turn over (c) Explain why the agar plate is sealed with tape. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (d) Why is the agar plate incubated at 20 C and not at 37 C? _______________________________________________________ [1] 5600 5 [Turn over 3 Carbohydrates contain the element carbon. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) (i) Name the other two elements found in carbohydrates. _______________________ and _______________________ [2] (ii) Name the carbohydrate found in fibre. _________________________ [1] used in respiration. _____________________ [1] A 50 g serving of pasta contains 756 kJ of energy. (b) (i) Calculate the energy content of 100 g of pasta. ___________________________ kJ [1] (ii) Suggest which of the foods below would provide most energy. Potatoes Butter Cabbage ______________________________ [1] 5600 6 [Turn over 4 The diagram shows a human heart. Examiner Only Marks Remark B A (a) Name parts A and B. A _________________________________ [1] B _________________________________ [1] (b) Explain why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (c) Describe two factors which can contribute to heart disease. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 5600 7 [Turn over 5 (a) Name one substance, produced by burning fossil fuels, Examiner Only Marks Remark which causes acid rain. _______________________________________________________ [1] which blackens leaves and reduces photosynthesis. _______________________________________________________ [1] The flowchart summarises what happens when large amounts of nitrates pass into a lake. Large amounts of nitrate Algal growth Algal death Bacterial decomposition Fish death (b) (i) Give two sources of nitrates which pass into lakes. 1. _____________________________ [1] 2. _____________________________ [1] (ii) Explain how bacterial decomposition causes the death of fish. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Name the process summarised in the flowchart. ______________________ [1] 5600 8 [Turn over 6 The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle. Examiner Only Marks Remark CARBON DIOXIDE IN AIR Photosynthesis C A A Carbon compounds in PLANTS Carbon compounds in ANIMALS Carbon compounds in SOIL Decomposers break down dead plants and animals Fossil fuels B (a) Name the processes A, B and C. A _____________________________ [1] B _____________________________ [1] C _____________________________ [1] (b) Use the diagram to describe how carbon, from the air, is passed through a food chain and back into the air by decomposers. Quality of written communication will be assessed in this question. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [3] Quality of written communication 5600 [2] 9 [Turn over 7 The diagram shows the apparatus used to test fruit juice for vitamin C content. Examiner Only Marks Remark Vitamin C Reagent (a) Name the reagent used to test for vitamin C. _______________________ [1] (b) Describe the colour change if vitamin C is present. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] The table shows the results for three different juices. Type of juice Number of drops of fruit juice required to change colour of reagent Blackcurrant 3 Orange 5 Boiled orange 18 (c) Which juice contained the most vitamin C? _______________________ [1] (d) Suggest two reasons why boiling fruit and vegetables reduces their vitamin C content. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 5600 10 [Turn over 8 The diagram shows part of the respiratory system. Examiner Only Marks Remark A C B Biology: GCSE Edition by G & M Jones, published by Cambridge University Press, 1987, ISBN 0521338697 (a) Name parts A, B and C A _____________________________ [1] B _____________________________ [1] C _____________________________ [1] (b) Describe two ways this part of the respiratory system is adapted for gas exchange. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 5600 11 [Turn over 9 AIDS is a sexually transmissible disease which may be prevented by using a condom. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Explain what is meant by a sexually transmissible disease. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (b) Name one other sexually transmissible disease. _______________________ [1] (c) Name the type of organism which causes AIDS. _______________________ [1] (d) Describe how a condom can prevent the spread of AIDS. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (e) Describe two other ways AIDS may be transmitted. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 5600 12 [Turn over 10 The pyramid shows the transfer of energy, in arbitrary units, from plankton to man. Examiner Only Marks Remark Man 3000 Herring 36 100 Plankton 360 000 (a) Calculate the ratio of energy in the plankton to energy transferred to man. Show your working. [2] (b) Give two reasons for the decrease in energy between herring and man. 1. _____________________________________________________ [1] 2. _____________________________________________________ [1] (c) Give two ways over-fishing of the herring population, in the North Sea, could be reduced. 1. _____________________________________________________ [1] 2. _____________________________________________________ [1] 5600 13 [Turn over 11 (a) Complete the table to compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration of yeast. Examiner Only Marks Remark Write Yes or No in each of the empty boxes. Respiration in yeast Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration Uses oxygen [1] Releases energy [1] Produces ethanol [1] Produces carbon dioxide [1] (b) Where does aerobic respiration take place in the human body? Describe what happens to the substances produced. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 5600 14 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) 5600 15 [Turn over 12 The graph shows the relationship between plant hormone level and the percentage of apples to fall off the trees before harvesting. Hormone level/ arbitrary units Apple fall/% Key Hormone level Apple fall 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Time since pollination/weeks 14 16 Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Describe the relationship between hormone level and the percentage of apples that fall. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (b) Suggest one reason why farmers spray apple trees with artificial plant hormone. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (c) Give two other commercial applications of plant hormones. 1. ____________________________________________________ [1] 2. ____________________________________________________ [1] 5600 16 [Turn over When flowers are pollinated and fertilized, the developing seed produces hormones that stimulate fruit production. Examiner Only Marks Remark (d) Explain how poor weather, which kills insects, could affect fruit yield. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 5600 17 [Turn over 13 The diagram shows the inheritance of haemophilia, a sex-linked condition found in humans. Key Paul Joanne Keiron Mary Normal man Haemophiliac man Richard Conor Julie Michael Maeve Normal woman Sean Carrier woman Martin John Molly Emma Gerry Examiner Only XH be the allele for normal haemoglobin Let Let Xh be the allele for haemophiliac haemoglobin Marks Remark (a) Give the phenotype of Paul. _______________________________________ [1] genotype of Emma. ______________________________________ [1] (b) Complete the Punnett square to show the offspring of Julie and Michael. Michael XH Y Julie [3] (c) Explain why Martin is a haemophiliac yet neither of his sisters suffer from the condition. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 5600 18 [Turn over 14 The eye is a receptor. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Describe the role of a receptor. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (b) Name the layer which contains rods and cones. ____________________ [1] (c) Suggest why nocturnal mammals have a high density of rods. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (d) Give two features of the cones. 1. ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] 2. ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (e) Describe how the image reaches the brain. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 5600 19 [Turn over 15 (a) Give two causes of infertility in women. Examiner Only Marks Remark 1. ____________________________________________________ [1] 2. ____________________________________________________ [1] In vitro fertilization is one development which helps infertile women. (b) Explain how a woman is made to produce a large number of ova at the start of in vitro fertilization. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (c) Describe how the ova produced are fertilized during in vitro fertilization. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (d) How are the fertilized ova checked for healthy development? _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (e) Describe what must happen to the fertilized ovum, if the woman is to become pregnant. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 5600 20 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) 5600 21 [Turn over 16 The diagram shows a simple biodigester used to produce penicillin. Examiner Only Marks Remark Air out Sterile air in Nutrients in Stirrer Monitor unit Temperature sensor Water jacket Out Nutrient solution and fungus (a) What is the function of the stirrer? _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (b) Explain how the biodigester prevents the temperature rising too high. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (c) Explain why the temperature of the biodigester should not be allowed to rise too high. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] 5600 22 [Turn over (d) Explain why the air entering the biodigester must be sterile. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (e) Describe what must happen to the contents of the biodigester before the penicillin can be used. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [3] 5600 23 [Turn over Examiner Only Marks Remark > 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Average Ozone Hole Area/millions of square km 17 The graph shows the area of the hole in the ozone layer above the Antarctic between 1981 and 2008. Year > NASA http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov (a) Describe the trend in the area of the ozone hole between 1981 and 2008. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] The changes in the ozone layer have been linked with chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons. (b) Give two sources of chlorofluorocarbons. 1. ____________________________________________________ [1] 2. ____________________________________________________ [1] 5600 24 [Turn over (c) Explain how the hole in the ozone layer results in increased skin cancers. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (d) Give three ways humans can protect themselves against skin cancer. 1. ____________________________________________________ [1] 2. ____________________________________________________ [1] 3. ____________________________________________________ [1] 5600 25 [Turn over 18 The diagram shows part of the mechanism that controls blood glucose concentration. High concentration of glucose in the blood Normal concentration of glucose in the blood Organ A Insulin released Liver Examiner Only (a) Name organ A. Marks Remark ________________________ [1] (b) Explain why the blood glucose concentration becomes high after eating a meal. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (c) Describe how insulin reaches the liver. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (d) Explain how insulin causes the liver to reduce the blood glucose concentration. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [3] 5600 26 [Turn over (e) Use the information in the diagram to help explain how the control of blood glucose concentration involves a feedback mechanism. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] Some people are unable to control their blood glucose concentration. (f) Name this condition. ________________________ [1] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER 5600 27 Examiner Only Marks Remark Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 1847-075-1

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