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UK GCSE 2006 : Higher Tier, Biology Paper 2

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2006 Paper 2 Higher Tier G0904 Science: Biology [G0904] WEDNESDAY 7 JUNE, AFTERNOON TIME 2 hours. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all eight questions. For Examiner s use only Question Number INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 160. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 3(c). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Details of calculations should be shown. Units must be stated in numerical answers where appropriate. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total Marks G092H6 723 Marks 1 The diagrams show a fish and a mammal. Examiner Only Marks Roach Dolphin Remark Drawings not to scale Source: J. Toman & J. Felix, A Field Guide in Colour to Plants and Animals, Octopus Books, 1975 (a) (i) Give one feature, shown in both animals, which adapts them for life in water. Explain how the feature helps them to live in water. Feature ____________________________________________ [1] Explanation ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Give one difference between the animals. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Name the animal group to which a dolphin belongs. __________________________ [1] (iv) Give two features of the animal group to which a dolphin belongs. 1. ________________________________________________ [1] 2. ________________________________________________ [1] G092H6 723 2 [Turn over The diagram shows part of a grassland food web. Examiner Only Marks Remark Buzzard Robin Fox Caterpillar Butterfly Hare Barley (b) (i) Use the diagram to name the producer. __________________________ [1] a secondary consumer. __________________________ [1] (ii) Explain the importance of producers in the food web. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] Only a small part of the energy in the hare is available to the fox. (iii) Suggest two reasons for this. 1. ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] 2. ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] G092H6 723 3 [Turn over Composting is one method of waste disposal. Examiner Only Marks Remark (c) (i) What type of waste can be disposed of by composting? ___________________________ [1] The diagram shows a compost bin. Waste substances Soil Lime Manure Wire grid (ii) Give one layer, in the compost bin, which provides a source of decomposing micro-organisms. __________________________ [1] (iii) Explain the need for a wire grid at the bottom of the bin. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] G092H6 723 4 [Turn over (iv) Explain why a layer of lime is included. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (v) Name the substance, in the soil, that is increased by adding compost. ___________________________________ [1] G092H6 723 5 [Turn over 2 The diagram shows a genetic cross between two pure bred mice. Black coat (B) is dominant to white coat (b). Examiner Only Marks Remark Parents BB Genotypes __________ Offspring Genotype Bb Phenotype _____________________ (a) Complete the diagram by giving the genotype of the white parent. [1] phenotype of the offspring. [1] Two of the offspring were mated. (b) (i) Complete the Punnett square to show this cross. Parents: Bb Bb Gametes B Gametes b [3] (ii) Draw a circle round the homozygous recessive offspring. [1] (iii) Give the expected ratio of black mice to white mice. __________________________ [1] G092H6 723 6 [Turn over (iv) Explain what is meant by recessive. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (v) Explain the terms heterozygous and homozygous. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) The alleles for black and white coats are two forms of a gene. (i) What is a gene? __________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Where are genes found in the cell? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] G092H6 723 7 [Turn over (d) The diagram shows a set of chromosomes from a human cell. 1 2 6 13 19 3 7 14 20 4 8 9 10 15 21 11 5 12 16 17 22 18 X Y Source: M. Jenkins, 1999, BIOLOGY Lives, Hodder & Stoughton Use the information in the diagram to help answer the following questions. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Give the sex of the person the cell was taken from and give a reason for your answer. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] The chromosomes show an abnormality. (ii) Describe how these chromosomes differ from normal chromosomes and suggest the genetic condition the person would be affected by. Description ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] Genetic condition ____________________________________ [1] (iii) What term describes a change in a chromosome? __________________________ [1] G092H6 723 8 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) G092H6 723 9 [Turn over 3 (a) The diagram shows a microscope. Examiner Only A Remark 1 0 Marks 0 1 0 4 4 B C (i) Name parts A, B and C. A ___________________________________ [1] B ___________________________________ [1] C ___________________________________ [1] (ii) Calculate the magnification being used. Show your working. Answer _____________ [2] G092H6 723 10 [Turn over You are provided with a thin strip of onion tissue. Examiner Only Marks Remark (iii) Describe how you would prepare a microscope slide of this tissue. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (iv) Explain why the tissue needs to be thin. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] G092H6 723 11 [Turn over (b) The diagrams show two cells. A B A Projection Nucleus C C Nucleus Cell wall Cell X Cell Y Examiner Only Cell X is a plant cell and cell Y is from an animal. Marks Remark (i) Name each cell. Cell X _______________________________________________ Cell Y ____________________________________________ [2] (ii) Name parts A, B and C. A ___________________________________ [1] B ___________________________________ [1] C ___________________________________ [1] (iii) What is the cell wall made of? ___________________________________ [1] G092H6 723 12 [Turn over The projections in each cell have different functions. Examiner Only Marks Remark (iv) Complete the table. Cell Function of projection X How it is adapted for this function Absorption of water and minerals Y [1] Waves back and forth [1] (c) The diagram shows a strip of onion tissue placed in a strong sugar solution. Explain what has happened to cause the changes seen in these onion cells. The quality of written communication will be assessed in this question. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [4] Quality of written communication G092H6 723 [2] 13 [Turn over 4 (a) (i) Complete the table. Examiner Only Marks Disease Type of organism Means of transmission Rubella Gonorrhoea Remark Droplet infection Bacterium Tuberculosis [4] (ii) Describe how diseases are spread by droplet infection. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (b) The diagrams show an experiment, carried out by Pasteur, to investigate decay. 4 Broth allowed to cool in one flask 1 Nutrient broth poured into flasks 2 Neck of flasks heated and made into S shape 3 Broth boiled for a few minutes to kill any bacteria present and drive out air (i) Explain why the broth was boiled for a few minutes in step 3. 5 Neck of another flask broken off (control) Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] G092H6 723 14 [Turn over (ii) Explain why the broth in step 5 went cloudy after a few days. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Explain why the broth in step 4 remained clear. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (c) Food decay can also be prevented by drying and freezing. (i) Name two types of micro-organism which cause food decay. ________________________ ________________________ [2] (ii) Explain how each method prevents food decay. Drying _______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] Freezing ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] Many foods are dried by salting. (iii) Suggest one way salty food could be harmful to health. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Give one other method of preventing food decay and name a food commonly preserved in this way. Method ___________________________________ [1] ___________________________________ [1] Food G092H6 723 15 [Turn over 5 (a) (i) Name the organ in the body where urea is Examiner Only Marks Remark produced. __________________________________________ [1] removed from the blood. ______________________________ [1] (ii) Explain how the removal of urea from the body is an example of excretion. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (b) The bar charts show the effect drinking one litre of water has on urine production in a healthy person and a patient suffering from kidney disease. Kidney disease patient Volume of urine/ml Volume of urine/ml Healthy person 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 Time after drinking/hours 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time after drinking/hours 7 Examiner Only (i) Describe the trend for a healthy person. Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] A healthy person normally produces about 50 ml of urine per hour. (ii) How long after drinking does it take for the volume of urine produced to return to normal in a healthy person? __________________ kidney disease patient? __________________ G092H6 723 [1] [1] 16 [Turn over (iii) From the graph, give one other difference between the urine production in the healthy person and that for the patient suffering from kidney disease. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] Osmoregulation is one example of the homeostatic function of the kidney. (iv) Explain what is meant by homeostasis. __________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] osmoregulation. ________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (c) The diagram shows a kidney dialysis machine. Blood from patient To drain Artery Dialysis machine Dialysis membrane Vein Dialysis solution Blood to patient The dialysis membrane is selectively permeable. (i) Explain the term selectively permeable. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] G092H6 723 17 [Turn over (ii) Explain how urea moves out of the blood into the dialysis solution. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Suggest why the dialysis solution contains glucose at the same concentration as the blood. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Suggest why the dialysis solution must be kept sterile. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (v) Explain why kidney dialysis patients must eat a low protein diet. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (vi) Describe how a kidney transplant would affect a dialysis patient s quality of life. _________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] blood urea level. _______________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (vii) Suggest two reasons why many dialysis patients wanting a kidney transplant are unable to have one. 1. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] G092H6 723 18 [Turn over 6 The diagram shows part of the male reproductive system. Examiner Only Marks Remark A D B C Source adapted from: M. Roberts, Nelson Balanced Science, The Living world, Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd, 1991 (a) (i) Name parts A, B and D. A __________________________ [1] B __________________________ [1] D __________________________ [1] (ii) Give the function of C. C ________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Complete the drawing by showing the position of the bladder. [2] G092H6 723 19 [Turn over (b) The diagram shows the arrangement of blood vessels to the placenta and the foetus. Examiner Only Marks Remark A Vein B Artery C D Source adapted from: M. Roberts, Nelson Balanced Science, The Living World, Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd, 1991 (i) Name A and B. A ___________________________________ [1] B ___________________________________ [1] (ii) Draw arrows on C and D to show the direction of blood flow in the vessels. [1] G092H6 723 20 [Turn over (iii) Describe and explain how the structure of the foetal blood vessels is adapted for their function in the placenta. Examiner Only Marks Remark Description ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] Explanation ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (c) Childless couples can undergo in vitro fertilization. (i) Give one cause of infertility in males. ____________________________________________ [1] females. ___________________________________________ [1] The first stage of in vitro fertilization involves giving the woman a course of reproductive hormones. (ii) Explain the effect of the hormones on the ovary. ________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] uterus. _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Explain why more than one embryo must be placed in the uterus. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] G092H6 723 21 [Turn over 7 (a) The table shows the effect of temperature on the mass of starch broken down by amylase. Temperature / C 0 5 1 15 8 25 22 35 31 45 29 55 Remark Mass of starch broken down/ arbitrary units 0 Examiner Only Marks 0 Mass of starch broken down/arbitrary units (i) Use the data to draw a line graph on the grid provided. Temperature/ C G092H6 723 22 [4] [Turn over (ii) Describe and explain the effect of temperatures, above 35 C, on the amylase. Examiner Only Marks Remark Effect ________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] Explanation ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (iii) What is an enzyme? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (iv) What is produced when amylase breaks down starch? __________________________ [1] G092H6 723 23 [Turn over Photographic film has a dark coating of the protein gelatine, which can be digested by a protease enzyme. Examiner Only Marks Remark Action of protease Film with dark coating Film with fully digested coating The diagrams show an investigation into the properties of enzymes. Tube A Tube B Tube C Tube D Tube E Protease + 4 drops of acid Protease + 2 drops of acid Protease + water Protease + 2 drops of alkali Protease + 4 drops of alkali 10 minutes in a waterbath at 35 C (b) (i) Suggest two other factors which would have to be kept constant during this experiment. 1. ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] 2. ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] G092H6 723 24 [Turn over (ii) Suggest a suitable control for this experiment. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Describe the pattern in the results. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (iv) Name two elements present in starch and protein. _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (v) Name one element present in protein but not in starch. _________________________ [1] (vi) Suggest where this type of protease may be found in the human digestive system. Give a reason for your answer. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] G092H6 723 25 [Turn over (c) Explain why biological washing powders contain several different types of enzymes. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [3] G092H6 723 26 [Turn over 8 (a) The diagram shows a commercial greenhouse. Examiner Only Marks Remark Glass Lights Water sprinkler Gas heater (i) Explain how maximum plant growth is achieved in this greenhouse. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [3] The conditions in a commercial greenhouse have to be carefully controlled. (ii) Explain the economic implications of heating and lighting a greenhouse in winter. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] G092H6 723 27 [Turn over (b) The graph shows how the rate of ion uptake, by a plant, depends on the concentration of oxygen in the soil. Examiner Only Marks Remark C Rate of ion uptake/arbitrary units B A Oxygen concentration in soil/arbitrary units Source: Complete Biology, Pickering (i) Describe the trend shown in the graph. A B ___________________________________ [1] B C ___________________________________ [1] (ii) Name the aerobic process by which ions are taken up by plants. ___________________________________ [1] (iii) Which part of the plant takes up ions? ___________________________________ [1] (iv) Explain why the uptake of ions is slow at A. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] G092H6 723 28 [Turn over (c) (i) Give the word equation for anaerobic respiration. Examiner Only Marks Remark [3] (ii) How does the amount of energy produced during anaerobic and aerobic respiration compare? __________________________________________________ [1] G092H6 723 29 [Turn over (d) The diagram shows part of a nitrogen cycle. Examiner Only Marks Remark Nitrogen gas Plant protein B A C Absorption Animal protein Nitrate ions Nitrification Decomposers Decay Ammonium ions (i) Name processes A, B and C. A ___________________________________ [1] B ___________________________________ [1] C ___________________________________ [1] (ii) Describe the process of decay. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] G092H6 723 30 [Turn over (iii) Explain why adding natural fertilizer to fields where crops are grown can be beneficial. Examiner Only Marks Remark _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER G092H6 723 31 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. S 5/05 3400 302507(37) [Turn over

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