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UK GCSE 2006 : Higher Tier, Biology Paper 1

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2006 Paper 1 Higher Tier G0903 Science: Biology [G0903] THURSDAY 1 JUNE, MORNING For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 TIME 1 hour 30 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all eighteen questions. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 120. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 6(a). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Total Marks G091H6 1522 Marks 1 The diagram shows a section through a heart. Examiner Only Marks Remark Aorta A Vena cava B C (a) Name parts A, B and C. A __________________________ [1] B __________________________ [1] C __________________________ [1] (b) Describe two differences between the blood in the aorta and the vena cava. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] G091H6 1522 2 [Turn over 2 The diagram shows a section of a leaf. A B C Source: M. Winterbottom and C. Jones, Science SCOPE BIOLOGY, Hodder & Stoughton Educational, 2002. Examiner Only (a) Name parts A, B and C. Marks A __________________________ [1] B __________________________ [1] C __________________________ Remark [1] (b) Use the diagram to help describe the pathway taken by a molecule of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (c) Give one way the leaf is adapted to absorb the maximum amount of light for photosynthesis. ______________________________________________________ [1] G091H6 1522 3 [Turn over 3 (a) Explain how the skin and mucous membranes prevent disease-causing micro-organisms entering the body. Examiner Only Marks Remark Skin _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] Mucous membranes _________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (b) (i) When micro-organisms enter the blood, white blood cells produce antibodies. Name the structures which stimulate antibody production. __________________________ [1] G091H6 1522 4 [Turn over The diagram shows the effect of antibodies on micro-organisms. Micro-organism Antibodies (ii) Use the diagram to explain the effect of antibodies on microorganisms. Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iii) Name the white blood cells which engulf and digest microorganisms. __________________________ [1] G091H6 1522 5 [Turn over 4 (a) Complete the table. Examiner Only Marks Pollutant Prevention Acid rain Lead Damage to environment Remark Burn less coal Brain damage in children Coats leaves and reduces photosynthesis [4] (b) Describe the effect of inhaling carbon monoxide on the human body. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] G091H6 1522 6 [Turn over BLANK PAGE (Questions continue overleaf) G091H6 1522 7 [Turn over 5 The diagram shows part of the human alimentary canal. Examiner Only Marks Remark A B C (a) Name parts A, B and C. A __________________________ [1] B __________________________ [1] C __________________________ [1] (b) On the diagram use a line labelled X to show where ingestion occurs. Y to show where absorption of digested food occurs. G091H6 [1] [1] 1522 8 [Turn over The diagram shows a bolus of food inside a section of the intestine. Examiner Only Marks Remark Lumen Circular muscles contract behind the bolus Bolus Circular muscles relax allowing lumen to widen (c) Name and describe the process used to move the bolus of food along the intestine. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] G091H6 1522 9 [Turn over 6 The diagram shows apparatus that can be used to investigate the requirements for photosynthesis. Examiner Only Marks Remark Cotton wool soaked in soda lime Soda lime Source: M. Jenkins, Biology Lives, Hodder & Stoughton Educational, 2001 (a) Describe how a leaf can be tested for starch. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [3] Quality of written communication [2] (b) Soda lime is used to remove carbon dioxide. Describe and explain the results of a starch test on the leaf above. Result _________________________________________________ [1] Explanation _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (c) Give one other raw material a plant requires for photosynthesis. ______________________[1] G091H6 1522 10 [Turn over 7 The table shows the projected population of Northern Ireland between 2006 and 2021. AGE Examiner Only Marks Remark Projected Population/000s /years 2006 2011 2016 2021 0 9 232 215 206 200 10 19 253 242 227 211 20 29 247 233 226 215 30 39 230 225 222 226 40 49 241 244 242 225 50 59 194 210 234 242 60 69 153 171 179 195 70 79 103 108 124 139 80 89 50 52 55 61 90+ 8 9 10 12 1711 1709 1725 1726 All ages Source: Northern Ireland Annual Abstract of Statistics, 1998 (a) Describe the trends in 2006 and 2011 for age group 0 39. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (b) Use the terms birth rate and death rate to explain how there is almost no difference in the projected population total between the years 2016 and 2021. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (c) Give two other factors which affect the size of the human population. 1. __________________________ 2. __________________________ G091H6 [1] [1] 1522 11 [Turn over 8 The diagram shows part of the respiratory system. Examiner Only Marks Remark A B C (a) Name parts A, B and C. A __________________________ [1] B __________________________ [1] C __________________________ [1] (b) Give one way respiratory surfaces are adapted for their function and explain how this adaptation helps gas exchange. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] G091H6 1522 12 [Turn over 9 The diagram shows part of a flower. Examiner Only Marks Remark Pollen grain A B C (a) Name the parts A, B and C. A __________________________ [1] B __________________________ [1] C __________________________ [1] (b) On the diagram draw the pollen tube as it appears just before fertilization. G091H6 1522 13 [3] [Turn over 10 The diagram shows the human life cycle. Growth A 46 chromosomes D Haploid sperm cell B Fertilization C Source: M. Roberts, Nelson Balanced Science, The Living World, Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd Examiner Only Marks (a) Name the types of cell division at A and B. A ______________________________ [1] B ______________________________ Remark [1] (b) On the diagram, give the number of chromosomes in cells C and D. [2] (c) Use the diagram to explain the process of fertilization. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] G091H6 1522 14 [Turn over 11 During puberty the human body undergoes changes. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Give two changes which occur only in boys. 1. ____________________________________________________ [1] 2. ____________________________________________________ [1] (b) Describe two changes in the female reproductive system during the menstrual cycle. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (c) Name the hormone which brings about these changes in females and state where it is produced. Hormone __________________________ Site of production __________________________ G091H6 [1] [1] 1522 15 [Turn over 12 The dark areas on the maps show lakes in Norway where fish stocks have been killed by acid rain. 1950 1970 1990 Source: www.grida.no/soen95/acidrain/sur.gif. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Describe the trend shown in the maps from 1950 to 1990. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (b) Give one other effect of acid rain. _______________________________________________________ [1] Sulphur dioxide is an important gas involved in the formation of acid rain. (c) Give one source of the sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] G091H6 1522 16 [Turn over (d) Explain how the sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere forms acid rain. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (e) Explain why acid rain is described as an international problem. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] G091H6 1522 17 [Turn over 13 (a) The diagram shows one result of eating chocolate on the body. Examiner Only Marks Remark Chocolate eaten Insulin released (i) Describe what effect eating chocolate has on the blood sugar level. ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Name the organ which produces insulin. __________________________ [1] (iii) Explain what effect insulin has on the blood sugar level. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] G091H6 1522 18 [Turn over (b) (i) Name the condition caused by the failure of the body to produce insulin. Examiner Only Marks Remark __________________________ [1] (ii) Describe how this condition can be treated. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] G091H6 1522 19 [Turn over 14 The diagram shows the energy flow through a food chain. R R 23 400 kJ Sun 3 060 kJ Barley R 136 kJ Cow Human 14 860 kJ Decomposers R (a) Calculate the percentage of the energy received by the cow which is available to the human. Show your working. Examiner Only Marks Remark Answer = _________________ [2] (b) Explain, in terms of energy, why it would be better for humans to eat barley directly. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [3] (c) Describe what is meant by a trophic level. _______________________________________________________ [1] (d) Give the trophic level of the cow. __________________________ [1] G091H6 1522 20 [Turn over 15 The diagram shows a reflex arc. A B C D leg muscle Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Name parts A, B, C and D. A __________________________ [1] B __________________________ [1] C __________________________ [1] D __________________________ [1] (b) Draw arrows on neurones B and C to show the direction of the impulse. [2] (c) Describe the differences between voluntary and reflex actions. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] G091H6 1522 21 [Turn over 16 (a) The diagram summarises the process of natural selection. Population with variation in phenotypes Survival of the fittest Fittest individuals survive to breed Box 2 Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Complete the diagram by filling in box 2 to show what causes some organisms to die while others survive. [1] (ii) What is a phenotype? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Give one cause of variation other than the environment. ___________________________________________________ [1] (iv) Explain what is meant by survival of the fittest. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (v) Describe how the breeding of the fittest individuals may affect the population. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G091H6 1522 22 [Turn over (b) Man may choose organisms with desirable characteristics and breed them together to produce advantageous offspring. Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Name this type of selection. _________________________________ [1] (ii) Give one example of a characteristic for which organisms may be bred. _________________________________ [1] G091H6 1522 23 [Turn over 17 (a) What is a gene? Examiner Only Marks Remark _______________________________________________________ [1] The diagram shows some of the processes involved in the manufacture of genetically engineered insulin. Insulin gene A Plasmid B Bacteria multiply C D Insulin (b) Complete the bacterium at B. [2] (c) (i) Describe the processes occurring at A ____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] D ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] G091H6 1522 24 [Turn over (ii) Describe the conditions required for the bacteria to multiply during process C. Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] G091H6 1522 25 [Turn over 18 (a) The diagram shows an apple which has developed lopsidedly. Examiner Only Marks Remark Unfertilized ovule Fruit Seed (fertilized ovule) (i) Describe how the fruit produced by a fertilized ovule differs from that produced by an unfertilized ovule. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] After fertilization an ovule releases hormones. The number of lopsided fruit can be reduced by spraying with this hormone. (ii) Suggest one commercial advantage of spraying young fruit with this hormone. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Give two other commercial applications of plant hormones. 1. _________________________________________________ [1] 2. _________________________________________________ [1] (b) Gardeners often use cloning techniques to propagate plants asexually. (i) Describe how a gardener can propagate new plants by taking cuttings. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G091H6 1522 26 [Turn over (ii) What is a clone? Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Give two advantages to the gardener, of cloning. 1. _________________________________________________ [1] 2. _________________________________________________ [1] G091H6 1522 27 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. S 5/05 5400 302507(55)

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