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UK GCSE 2008 : Foundation Tier, Biology Paper 2

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2008 Paper 2 Foundation Tier G0902 Science: Biology [G0902] THURSDAY 29 MAY, MORNING TIME 1 hour. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all six questions. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 120. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 6(c). Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Details of calculations should be shown. Units must be stated in numerical answers where appropriate. For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Marks 3342 Marks BLANK PAGE G092F8 3342 2 [Turn over 1 (a) The diagram represents the carbon cycle. Atmospheric carbon dioxide Animal and plant r Fossil fuels Biology First by G bethell and D Coppock, published by Oxford University Press, 1999, reprinted .by permission of Oxford University Press Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Complete the diagram using three of the processes below. respiration combustion decay feeding photosynthesis [3] (ii) Name two fossil fuels. 1. ___________________________ [1] 2. ___________________________ [1] (iii) Complete the equation for respiration. Glucose + Carbon dioxide + + Energy [2] (iv) Describe how carbon dioxide moves out of a leaf into the air. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G092F8 3342 3 [Turn over (b) The graph shows the amount of sulphur dioxide produced by the United Kingdom. Industry Transport 6 Sulphur dioxide produced/million tonnes 5 4 3 2 1 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year Examiner Only Marks Remark (i) Give the amount of sulphur dioxide produced by industry in the United Kingdom in 2001. ____________________ million tonnes [1] (ii) Explain the main difference in the trend of sulphur dioxide produced by industry and transport. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G092F8 3342 4 [Turn over (iii) Give two ways sulphur dioxide pollution can be avoided. Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iv) Complete the table. Air Pollutant Source Carbon monoxide Effect Burning petrol in car engines Lung diseases, reduced photosynthesis in plants Soot Burning leaded petrol [4] G092F8 3342 5 [Turn over Examiner Only 2 The diagram shows a cross section of a leaf. A B Marks Remark C D Source: R. McIllwaine & J. Napier, GCSE Biology for CCEA, Hodder & Stoughton Educational 2003. (a) Name parts A, B, C and D. A __________________________ [1] B __________________________ [1] C __________________________ [1] D __________________________ [1] (b) Give one feature of the leaf and explain how it improves gas exchange. Feature ________________________________________________ [1] Explanation _______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [1] G092F8 3342 6 [Turn over (c) The diagram shows a leaf before and after an experiment to show that light was required for photosynthesis. Examiner Only Marks Remark Blue-black part of leaf Green part of leaf Yellow part of leaf Lightproof paper Before After Source: D. G. Mackean, GCSE Biology 2nd Edn., John Murray (Publishers) Limited, 1995. Before the experiment the plant was destarched. (i) Describe how a plant can be destarched. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (ii) Why is the plant destarched? ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Name the substance which gives leaves their green colour. _________________________ [1] After the experiment the leaf was tested for starch. (iv) Describe the colour change in the L-shaped part of the leaf. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G092F8 3342 7 [Turn over The starch test involved the four steps listed below. Examiner Only Marks Step W Step X Step Y Step Z Remark Iodine added. Boil in alcohol. Soften in water. Boil in water. (v) Complete the order of the steps. Z [2] (vi) Explain why the leaf is boiled in alcohol. ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] water. _______________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [1] (vii) Explain how this experiment shows that photosynthesis needs light. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ [2] (d) Name the gas used in photosynthesis. ___________________________________ [1] produced by photosynthesis. _______________________________ [1] (e) Give two ways sugar and starch can be used in a plant. 1. ____________________________________________________ [1] 2. ____________________________________________________ [1] G092F8 3342 8 [Turn over 3 (a) (i) Complete the table. Method How method works Example 20 C 1. No water available Super Noodles 2. Micro-organisms cannot reproduce 4 C 1. Low temperature 2. Slows the growth of micro-organisms Milk 18 C 1. Freezing 2. Examiner Only Marks Remark [6] (ii) Explain why frozen food which is not properly defrosted before cooking can cause the person who eats it to suffer food poisoning. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] G092F8 3342 9 [Turn over (iii) Name two groups of micro-organism which cause decay. Examiner Only Marks 1. _______________________________ [1] 2. _______________________________ Remark [1] (iv) Give two conditions micro-organisms need to grow and reproduce. 1. _______________________________ [1] 2. _______________________________ [1] The rate of decay of milk is reduced by pasteurisation. (v) Explain how milk is pasteurised. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] UHT long-life milk is heated to very high temperatures of around 135 C. (vi) Suggest one disadvantage of heating milk to this temperature. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] G092F8 3342 10 [Turn over (b) The diagram compares spontaneous generation with Pasteur s theory of decay. Spontaneous generation produces Microorganisms Maggots Remark Pasteur s theory of decay Microorganisms Decaying food Examiner Only Marks Maggots Flies causes Decaying food Flies (i) Use the diagram to explain the theory of spontaneous generation. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Explain where Pasteur thought living organisms which cause decay come from. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] G092F8 3342 11 [Turn over (c) The diagram shows the apparatus used by Pasteur in an experiment. Examiner Only Marks Remark Flask A Broth containing nutrients Source: Adapted from Harvard Classics, Louis Pasteur Scientific Papers, 38, 7 (i) Name flask A. ________________________________ [1] Pasteur boiled flask A, driving air out of the broth. (ii) Suggest how removing air from the broth would stop decay. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Give one other way boiling the broth stops decay. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] The broth in flask A remained clear for many weeks after boiling. It quickly turned cloudy when Pasteur tilted the flask until the broth reached the bend in the neck. (iv) Explain these two observations. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [3] G092F8 3342 12 [Turn over 4 (a) (i) Complete the table describing the functions of some body systems. Examiner Only Marks System Remark Function Co-ordination of receptors and effectors to bring about a response Circulatory Support, protection, movement Respiratory [4] The diagram shows part of the human respiratory system. A D B Alveolus C (ii) Name parts A, B, C and D. A __________________________________ B __________________________________ C __________________________________ D __________________________________ G092F8 3342 13 [4] [Turn over The diagram shows some cells from the respiratory system. Examiner Only Marks Remark Healthy cells Dust and micro-organisms trapped on mucus Cells from a smoker (iii) Name the type of cells shown and describe their function. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iv) Describe one difference between the healthy cells and those of the smoker. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (v) Name a disease caused by smoking. ______________________________ [1] G092F8 3342 14 [Turn over (b) (i) Complete the diagram of expiration by drawing in the diaphragm and complete boxes X and Y to describe the changes. X Air in Y Rib cage up Diaphragm flat Inspiration Expiration Source: Biology, M & E Jones, Cambridge University Press Examiner Only Marks Remark [4] (ii) What effect do the changes which occur during expiration have on the volume and pressure in the lungs? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G092F8 3342 15 [Turn over 5 The diagram shows the structures which transport water through a plant. Leaf Xylem vessel Root hair Root Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Use the diagram to name the cell which absorbs water. ______________________________ [1] tissue which transports water up the stem. ______________________________ [1] organ which uses water in photosynthesis. ______________________________ [1] (b) Explain the difference between a tissue and an organ. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] G092F8 3342 16 [Turn over (c) Complete the magnified diagram of a leaf cell by drawing and labelling three structures found only in plant cells. Examiner Only Marks Remark 50 40 Cell membrane 30 20 10 0 Nucleus [6] (d) (i) Use the scale to measure the diameter of the nucleus. ________________ mm [1] This diagram has been magnified 100 times. (ii) Calculate the actual size of the nucleus in millimetres. Show your working. ________________ mm [2] G092F8 3342 17 [Turn over (e) Name the structures found in the nucleus which are made up of Examiner Only Marks Remark short lengths of DNA which code for one characteristic. ___________________ [1] long lengths of DNA which code for many characteristics. ___________________ [1] (f) Describe the function of the cell membrane and explain how it is adapted for this function. Function _________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [1] Adaptation ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [1] G092F8 3342 18 [Turn over 6 (a) The diagram shows part of the male reproductive system. Examiner Only Marks Remark A D B Testis C Human Form and Function by P Minett, D Wayne, D Rubenstein. Published by Unwin Hyman Ltd, 1989, ISBN 0713527145. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Ltd http://harpercollins.co.uk (i) Name parts A, B and C. A __________________________________ [1] B __________________________________ [1] C __________________________________ [1] (ii) Give the function of part D. ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [1] (iii) Name the hormone, produced by the testes, which causes secondary sexual characteristics in a male. ___________________________ [1] (iv) Give two changes which occur only in males during puberty. 1. _________________________________________________ [1] 2. _________________________________________________ [1] G092F8 3342 19 [Turn over (b) The table shows the percentage of women who would become pregnant during a year, using different methods of contraception. Method of contraception Percentage of women who become pregnant each year Natural 10.0 Condom 2.5 Intra-uterine device 2.0 12 Percentage of women who become pregnant each year 10 8 6 4 2 0 Natural Condom Intra-uterine device Pill Method of contraception Examiner Only (i) Draw bars on the grid for the three methods of contraception, natural, condom and intra-uterine device. [3] Marks Remark (ii) Complete the bar chart by drawing a bar, to suggest the percentage of women who would become pregnant while using the pill. [1] G092F8 3342 20 [Turn over (iii) Explain how the pill works as a method of contraception. Examiner Only Marks Remark ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (iv) Explain why sterilization of women is the most reliable method. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] (v) Suggest why natural methods are unreliable. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] G092F8 3342 21 [Turn over The diagram shows the menstrual cycle. Examiner Only Marks Remark MENSTRUATION Ovulation Human Form and Function by P Minett, D Wayne, D Rubenstein. Published by Unwin Hyman Ltd, 1989, ISBN 0713527145. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Ltd http://harpercollins.co.uk (c) Use the information in the diagram to help describe the events of the menstrual cycle between day 6 and day 28. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [3] Quality of written communication G092F8 3342 [2] 22 [Turn over THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 530-005-1 G092F8 3342 24 [Turn over

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