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UK GCSE 2009 : Higher Tier, Biology Paper 1

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Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2009 Science: Biology Paper 1 Higher Tier [G0903] WEDNESDAY 20 MAY, AFTERNOON For Examiner s use only Question Number 1 2 TIME 1 hour 30 minutes 3 4 5 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Answer all eighteen questions. 6 7 8 9 10 11 INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 120. Quality of written communication will be assessed in question 6(d) Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Total Marks 4530 Marks 1 The diagram shows a microscope slide being prepared. Examiner Only Marks Remark Forceps A Slide Onion tissue in iodine solution Source: A. D. G. Mackean, Life Study A Textbook of Biology. John Murray (Publishers) Ltd, 1981 (a) Name A. __________________________________ [1] (b) Describe how the forceps are used when preparing a slide. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (c) Explain why the onion tissue is placed in iodine solution. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 4530 2 [Turn over The drawing shows the appearance of a prepared slide. Examiner Only Marks Remark Ring shape (d) What causes the ring shapes? _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] 4530 3 [Turn over 2 The diagram shows an artery and a vein. Examiner Only Marks Remark Lumen Artery Vein Source: Human Biology An activity approach, P. Rowlinson, M. Jenkins, Cambridge University Press, 1982 (a) Give two ways the structure of an artery differs from a vein. 1. _____________________________________________________ [1] 2. _____________________________________________________ [1] (b) Describe how the composition of blood in an artery differs from that in a vein. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (c) Name the artery which takes blood to the kidney. ________________________________ lung. _________________________________ 4530 [1] [1] 4 [Turn over 3 Thumb shape is controlled by a gene. Examiner Only Marks Remark The dominant allele, T results in a normal thumb shape. The recessive allele, t causes the thumb to be slightly bent to form hitchhiker s thumb. Normal thumb Hitch-hiker s thumb (a) Give the phenotype of someone whose genotype is TT. ___________________________ [1] (b) Complete the Punnett square to show the possible offspring of a cross between a person with a normal thumb and one with a hitch-hiker s thumb. Hitch-hiker s thumb Types of gamete Normal thumb T t [3] (c) What portion of the offspring would be expected to have hitch-hiker s thumb? _______________________________________________________ [1] are heterozygous? _______________________________________________________ [1] 4530 5 [Turn over 4 The diagram shows a cross section of a stem. Examiner Only Marks Remark A D B C D (a) Name parts A, B, C and D. A _______________________________ [1] B _______________________________ [1] C _______________________________ [1] D _______________________________ [1] (b) Describe the function of the phloem. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 4530 6 [Turn over 5 The diagram shows the human digestive system. Examiner Only Marks Remark A B C Adapted from: R. McIlwaine, J Napier, GCSE BIOLOGY for CCEA, Hodder & Stoughton Educational, 2003 (a) On the diagram draw a line labelled X to show where ingestion takes place. [1] labelled Y to show where water is absorbed. [1] (b) Name parts A, B and C. A ________________________________ [1] B ________________________________ [1] C ________________________________ [1] (c) Explain why digestion is necessary. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ [2] 4530 7 [Turn over 6 The diagram shows one way white blood cells destroy bacteria. Examiner Only Marks Remark Micro-organism White blood cell Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Source: G Jones, M Jones,(1984) BIOLOGY GCSE edition, Cambridge University Press (a) Name the process shown in the diagram. _____________________________ [1] (b) Explain how the bacteria are destroyed. _______________________________________________________ [1] (c) Give one other way white blood cells fight infection. _______________________________________________________ [1] Vaccination is another way of fighting infection. (d) Describe how Jenner developed a vaccine for smallpox. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [3] Quality of written communication 4530 [2] 8 [Turn over 7 The diagrams show an experiment to investigate the effect of shining a light from one side on some seedlings. Cardboard box Examiner Only Marks Remark Hole At start Light source Seedlings After 5 days Light source (a) Complete the diagram to show the appearance of the seedlings after 5 days. [2] (b) Name this type of growth response. _______________________________ [1] (c) Explain how this response is an advantage to the plant. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 4530 9 [Turn over 8 The diagram shows an elbow joint. Examiner Only Marks Remark A B C (a) Name parts A, B and C. A ____________________________ [1] B ____________________________ [1] C ____________________________ [1] (b) Describe how the arm straightens. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 4530 10 [Turn over 9 The table shows the percentage distribution of skin cancer on different parts of the body. Part of Body Head and neck Trunk Arm Leg Other Examiner Only Marks Remark Percentage of skin cancer Males Females 22 14 38 17 17 21 15 42 8 6 (a) Name the part of the woman s body where skin cancer is most common. _______________________________ [1] (b) Suggest why men suffer from most skin cancers on their trunk. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (c) Give one way to reduce the risk of skin cancer. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] 4530 11 [Turn over (d) Explain why skin cancer has a 99% cure rate if detected early. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (e) Explain how the over use of CFCs has resulted in an increase in the number of people suffering from skin cancer. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 4530 12 [Turn over 10 The diagram shows parts of a daffodil flower. A B Pollen grain Source: D. G. Mackean, GCSE Biology Second Edition, John Murray (Publishers) Ltd., 1995 (a) Name parts A and B. Examiner Only Marks A ___________________________ [1] B ___________________________ Remark [1] (b) On the diagram draw a line to show the pathway of a pollen tube to an ovule. [2] (c) Describe what happens to an ovule after it is pollinated. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] . 4530 13 [Turn over 11 The leaves of a plant, in flooded ground, will turn yellow due to lack of magnesium. Examiner Only Marks Remark (a) Explain why the leaves of a plant lacking in magnesium turn yellow. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (b) Give one mineral plants require for growth. cell walls. ________________________________ [1] ______________________________ [1] In flooded ground there is no oxygen around the roots. (c) Explain why this stops minerals being absorbed. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 4530 14 [Turn over 12 (a) Name the type of organism which causes Examiner Only Marks gonorrhoea. ______________________________ [1] AIDS. ___________________________________ Remark [1] (b) Explain how AIDS can be passed from a mother to a baby during pregnancy. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (c) Give two other ways AIDS can be spread from one person to another. 1. ___________________________________________________ [1] 2. ___________________________________________________ [1] 4530 15 [Turn over 13 The diagram shows the formation of a tissue fluid. Examiner Only Marks Remark Lymph vessel Tissue fluid A Capillary B Blood flow Plasma Source: D. G. Mackean, GCSE Biology Second Edition, John Murray (Publishers) Ltd., 1995 (a) Describe how tissue fluid forms. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (b) Name one chemical which moves in the direction of arrow A _____________________________ [1] B _____________________________ [1] (c) Explain why plasma proteins are not found in tissue fluid. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] 4530 16 [Turn over The diagram summarises the processes involved in blood clotting. Examiner Only Marks Remark Bleeding cut Blood component A Fibrinogen Fibrinogen Molecule B Clot (d) Name blood component A. molecule B. 4530 _________________________ [1] _________________________ [1] 17 [Turn over 14 The diagram shows some effects of adrenaline. Examiner Only Marks Remark Adrenal gland Kidney Adrenaline Heart Lungs Blood flow Muscles Gut (a) Give one condition which causes adrenaline to be released. _______________________________________________________ [1] (b) Complete the table. Organ Effect of adrenaline Heart Gut Muscles [3] 4530 18 [Turn over (c) Describe the effect adrenaline has on the lungs and explain the advantage of this to the body. Examiner Only Marks Remark Effect. _________________________________________________ [1] Advantage. _______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 4530 19 [Turn over 15 The following method was used to investigate the effect of temperature on the time human amylase enzyme requires to breakdown starch. Examiner Only Marks Remark 1. Five cm3 of starch solution was placed in test tube A and five cm3 of amylase solution was placed in test tube B. 2. Tubes A and B were placed in a waterbath at 10 C for five minutes. 3. The contents of tube A were added to tube B which was returned to the waterbath. A timer was started. 4. A drop of the amylase and starch mixture was removed from tube B every minute and tested with iodine. 5. The time was recorded when the iodine no longer changed colour. 6. Steps 1 to 5 were repeated at temperatures 20 C, 30 C, 40 C, 50 C and 60 C. (a) Explain why tubes A and B were placed in the waterbath in step 2. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (b) Explain the colour change in step 4 when the first drop of amylase and starch mixture was tested with iodine. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [3] 4530 20 [Turn over (c) On the axes complete the sketch of the graph to show the results you would expect for this experiment. Examiner Only Marks Remark 35 Time when no colour change in iodine solution/min 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Temperature/ C [2] (d) Explain why there was no colour change after 25 minutes at 10 C. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] 30 minutes at 60 C. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] 4530 21 [Turn over 16 The diagram shows part of a placenta. Blood flow from mother Blood flow to mother Space filled with mother s blood Foetal blood vessel Lining of uterus Thin wall of placenta Umbilical vein Umbilical artery Source: G. Jones, M. Jones, BIOLOGY GSCE edition, Cambridge University Press, 1984 (a) Use the features shown in the diagram, to explain how the placenta is adapted for exchange of substances between the mother and the foetus. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [3] 4530 22 [Turn over (b) Give one similarity and two differences in the substances carried by the blood in the umbilical artery and vein. Examiner Only Marks Remark Similarity ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] Difference 1. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ [1] Difference 2. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ [1] (c) Describe the process of birth. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 4530 23 [Turn over 17 (a) What is deforestation? Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] Concentration of carbon dioxide Area of rainforest/sq km Area of rainforest 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide/arbitrary units The graph shows changes in the area of rainforest and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration since 1950. 2000 (b) What evidence is there of deforestation from the graph? _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [1] (c) Explain how the change in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration may be caused by deforestation. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 4530 24 [Turn over (d) Suggest and explain one other way Man s activities could cause the changes in the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Examiner Only Marks Remark _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] (e) Explain how changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration are linked to changes in global temperatures. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [3] 4530 25 [Turn over 18 The diagram shows a reflex arc. Stimulus C A Muscle Spinal cord B Adapted from: J. Sears, S. Taylor, Life and Living, Hodder & Stoughton Educational, 1994 Examiner Only (a) Name parts A, B and C. Marks Remark A ____________________________________________________ [1] B ____________________________________________________ [1] C ____________________________________________________ [1] (b) Use the information in the diagram to help explain why a reflex arc provides a very fast response. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ [2] 4530 26 [Turn over Hormones such as insulin are chemical messages. Examiner Only Marks Remark (c) (i) How are hormones transported? ___________________________________________________ [1] (ii) Name the organ which produces insulin. _____________________________ [1] (iii) Explain how insulin controls blood sugar levels. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ [2] THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER 4530 27 [Turn over Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 937-029-1

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