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CBSE XII Sample / Mock 2011 : HINDI with Answers (2 Core + 2 Elective Sample papers)

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79 80 lh-ch-,l-bZ- izfrn'kZ iz'ui=k&1 fganh & osQafnzd d{kk & ckjgoha le;% 3 ?kaVs iw.kk d & 100 funsZ'k % bl iz'u&i=k osQ pkj [kaM gSa & ^d*] ^[k*] ^x*] ^?k*A lHkh iz'uksa dks ozQekuqlkj dhft,A iz-la- iz'u vad [kaM ^d* iz-1 fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft, & 1- vkg _ gqbZ fiQj ^^dksbZ gS\** dh ogh iqdkj] dq'ky djsa Hkxoku fd vk;k fiQj og fe=k mnkjA pj.kksa dh vkgV rd eSa gw [kwc x;k igpku] lqudj ftls dk ius yxrs Fkj&Fkj esjs izk.kA eSa u M: xk iM+s vxj ;enwrksa ls Hkh dke_ exj] nwj ls gh djrk gw J k&lfgr iz.kke mUgs] ugha vkdj tks fiQj ysrs tkus dk ukeA 2- esjh dqlhZ [khap] cSB dj cgqr iwNrk gky] (dg nw ] vkgV lquh rqEgkjh] vkSj gqvk csgky) myV & iqyV dfork dh dkih nsus yxrk jk;] dgk iafDr;k f'kfFky gqbZ gSa\ dgk gqbZ vlgk;\ nsrk gS mins'k cgqr] nsrk gS uwru Kku] esjh xUnh jgu&lgu ij Hkh nsrk gS ;kuA lc dqN nsrk] ,d ugha nsrk vius ls =kk.kA 3- >iV Nhu ysrk gS esjs gkFkksa ls v[+kckj dgrk] ^D;k i<+&i<+ dj Mkyksxs vius dks ekj\ fiQj dgrk] ^dqN nzO; tqxk dj [kM+k djks djqN dke] iSls Hkh dqN feysa vkSj gks nqfu;k esa Hkh ukeA* 81 (1x5) 5 iz-la- iz'u vad (d) izFke dkO;ka'k eas fdlls Mjus dh ckr dgh tk jgh gS\ 1 ([k) ^mnkj fe=k* ls dfo dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\ 1 (x) 1 fe=k ds vR;f/d nsus ls Hkh dfo dks D;k ijs'kkuh gS\ (?k) ^fiQj dgrs] ^dqN nzO; tqxk dj [kM+k djks dqN dke* dk D;k vFkZ gS\ 2 iz-2 fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks ;kuiwoZd i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft, & 15 1- vki ,d ,sls eqYd esa gSa] tgk djksM+ksa ;qok clrs gSaA buesa ls dbZ csjkst+xkj gSa] rks dbZ dksbZ NksVk&eksVk dke&/a/k dj jgs gSaA ;s lc iSlk dekus dh [okfg'k j[krs gSa] rkfd ;s lHkh viuh jkst+ejkZ dh ftanxh dks pyk losaQ vkSj Hkfo"; dks csgrj cuk losaQA ,sls yksxksa ls vki ;g mEehn oSQls j[k ldrs gSa fd os lektlsok osQ dk;ks esa #fp ysaxs\ 2- ;g mu dbZ eqf'dy lokyksa esa ls ,d gS] ftudk lkeuk f'k{kkfon lwlu LV kWM dks Hkkjr esa djuk iM+kA mUgksaus vesfjdk esa ^jk"V h; ;qok lsok laxBu vesfjdk* dh LFkkiuk dh gSA 3- lwlu dk edln ;qokvksa dh mQtkZ dk bLrseky ,d j.kuhfr osQ rgr jk"V h; fodkl] yksdra=k dks c<+kok nsus vkSj csjkstxkjh dh leL;k ls fuiVus osQ fy, djuk gSA ysfdu D;k fodkl'khy ns'kksa osQ ;qok eq r esa og dke djuk pkgsasxs\ D;k ;s yksx viuh i<+kbZ ;k dWfj;j dks njfdukj dj U;wure osru ij ,slh fdlh eqfge ls tqMs+axs\ izksRlkgu dgk gS\ 4- blosQ tokc esa lqJh LV kWM dgrh gSa] ^^eSa lksprh gw fd ,sls oqQN rjhosQ gSa] ftuls Hkkjr tSls csjkstxkjh ls tw> jgs ns'kkssa esa Hkh ;qokvksa dh lsok, yh tk ldrh gSaA** og fiNys lky uoacj esa fnYyh esa gq, Lo;alsoh iz;klksa osQ varj~jk"V h; laxBu osQ lEesyu esa ekun vfrfFk FkhaA og dgrh gSa] ^^;qokvksa osQ fy, jkst+xkj izkfIr esa muosQ ikl ukSdjh dk dksbZ iwoZ vuqHko u gksuk ,d lcls cM+h ck/k gksrk gSA bl rF; dks ;ku esa j[krs gq, geus dbZ lky igys nf{k.k vizQhdk esa ,sls csjkst+xkj ;qokvksa osQ fy, oqQN dk;ZozQe 'kq: fd, tks jktuhfrd la?k"kks esa lfozQ; jgsA ;s ;qok LowQyksa ls ckgj gks pqosQ Fks vkSj jkst+xkj osQ ekSosQ Hkh x ok pqosQ FksA geus buosQ fy, oqQN dk;ZozQe rS;kj fd,A felky osQ rkSj ij geus mUgsa v'osrksa osQ bykdksa esa de dher osQ edku cukus osQ dke ls tksM+kA ogk bUgksaus Hkou fuekZ.k osQ xqj lh[ks vkSj tkuk fd ,d Vhe osQ :i esa oSQls dke fd;k tkrk gSA bl rjg ;s yksx ,d gquj esa ekfgj gq, vkSj jkstxkj ikus osQ nkosnkj cusA** 5- ukSdfj;ksa ls tqM+s cgqr ls izf'k{k.k dk;ZozQe veweu fdlh [kkl dkS'ky osQ fodkl ij osQfUnzr gksrs gSa] ysfdu lsok laca/h dk;ZozQe buls oqQN c<+dj gksrs gSaA buesa 'kkfey yksx] T;knk mi;ksxh vkSj igy djus okys ukxfjd gksrs gSaA LV kWM osQ eqrkfcd] budh ;g [kkfl;r buesa lekt osQ izfr ,d ftEesnkjh vkSj izfrc rk dk vglkl Hkjrh gSA ;qokvksa osQ fy, pyk, tkus okys lsok laca/h dk;ZozQeksa osQ tfj, mUgsa mi;ksxh ifj;kstukvksa ls tksM+k tk ldrk gS vkSj blosQ ,ot+ esa oqQN iSlk Hkh fn;k tk ldrk gSA 82 iz-la- iz'u vad 6- og dgrh gSa] ^^t+jk 1930 osQ n'kd osQ eanh osQ nkSj osQ vius ns'k dks ;kn dhft,A jk"V ifr izSaQdfyu Mh- :tosYV us laj{k.k dk;ZozQe pyk,A mUgksaus ns'k osQ ;qokvksa dks] [kkldj csjkstxkjksa dks dbZ rjg osQ dkeksa ls tksM+ fn;kA bldk bu ;qokvksa vkSj iwjs ns'k dks tcnZLr iQk;nk gqvkA** LV kWM crkrh gSa] ^^bu ;qokvksa dks muosQ dke osQ cnys esa iSlk fn;k tkrk Fkk] ftldk ,d fgLlk mUgsa vius ifjokjksa dks nsuk gksrk FkkA vxj vki vesfjdk osQ fdlh jk"V h; m|ku esa tk, xs rks vkidks irk pysxk fd bu yksxksa us fdruh le` fojklr dk fuekZ.k fd;k FkkA bu ;qokvksa us vesfjdk osQ T;knkrj jk"V h; m|kuksa dk l`tu fd;k vkSj ogk yk[kksa isM+ yxk,A** 7- vesfjdk esa ,sls gh iz;klksa dh lcls rktk felky gS ^vesfjdk*] blosQ tfj, gj lky 75 gtkj ;qokvksa dks jkstxkj fn;k tkrk gS vkSj buesa ls T;knkrj chl ls rhl dh vk;qoxZ osQ gksrs gSaA dbZ rks cl vHkh gkbZLowQy ls fudys gh gksrs gSa] rks dbZ LowQy NksM+ pqosQ gksrs gSa vkSj dbZ ih,p-Mh- Hkh gksrs gSaA lwlu crkrh gSa fd vkbfM;k ;g gksrk gS fd ^^yksx Nk=ko`f k ikrs gSa] tks U;wure osru ls de gksrh gSA blosQ cnys ;s ;qok ns'k osQ lcls foiUu bykdksa esa ,d ;k nks lky rd dbZ rjg osQ dke djrs gSaA** 8- LV kWM Li"V djrh gSa] ^^blesa nks jk; ugha fd bl iSls ls ;s vehj ugha gks ldrs] ij bruk t+:j gS fd blls budk [kpkZ vkjke ls py tkrk gSA lky osQ vkf[kj esa bu ;qokvksa dks 4]725 MkWyj dk ,d okWmpj fn;k tkrk gS] ftls ;s fliZQ f'k{kk ;k izf'k{k.k dh iQhl pqdkus ;k dkWyst dk .k vnk djus osQ fy, gh bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA** bu ;qokvksa esa cgqr ls feflflih vkSj yqbfl;kuk esa jkgr dk dke dj pqosQ gSa] tgka rwiQku oSQVjhuk us Hkkjh rckgh epkbZ FkhA 9- LV kWM dk ekuuk gS fd Lo;alsoh laxBu vkSj O;fDr fo'ks"k viuh mQtkZ vkSj fopkjksa ls fofHkUu ;kstukvksa dks lkdkj dj ldrs gSa] mUgsa de djus vkSj mls iSQykus nhft,A ^^;fn vki okdbZ ,slk oqQN djuk pkgrs gSa] ftlls T+;knk ls T+;knk ;qokvksa dh ft+anxh izHkkfor gks rks blosQ fy, vkidks T+;knk ls T+;knk tu lalk/uksa dh O;oLFkk djuh gksxhA** 10- og dgrh gSa] ^^Hkkjr esa Hkh ;qokvksa osQ fy, dbZ dk;ZozQe gSaA ;gk ,u- lh- lh- gS vkSj jk"V h; lsok ;kstuk Hkh gS] ftlls iwjs ns'k esa ik p gtkj Lo;alsod tqM+s gq, gSaA ysfdu og loky djrh gSa fd bl ;kstuk ls fliZQ ik p gtkj ;qok gh D;ksa tqM+s gq, gSa] nl yk[k D;ksa ugha\D;k bls lekt dh t:jrksa vkSj jkst+xkj ls tksM+k x;k\ ;qokvksa dks blls tksM+us dh eqfge D;ksa ugha NsM+h tkrh\ bl ns'k esa xk /hoknh ijEijk, gSa] nku vkSj mnkjrk dh Hkkouk gS] ftuosQ ne ij cM+s iSekus ij lsok laca/h dk;ZozQe pyk, tk ldrs gSaA** (d) xn~;ka'k dk mi;qDr 'kh"kZd nhft,A 1 ([k) Hkkjr esa djksM+ksa ;qokvksa dh oSQlh fLFkfr gS\ 1 (x) 1 f'k{kkfon~ ^lwlu LV kWM* dks Hkkjr esa D;k lkeuk djuk iM+k\ 83 iz-la- iz'u vad (?k) lwlu ;qokvksa dh mQtkZ dk bLrseky oSQls djrh gS\ 1 ( ) vizQhdk esa csjkstxkj ;qokvksa osQ fy, fdl rjg osQ dk;ZozQe rS;kj fd, x,\ 1 (p) ;qokvksa dks mi;ksxh ifj;kstukvksa osQ lkFk oSQls tksM+k tk ldrk gS\ 1 (N) vesfjdk esa ;qokvksa us jk"V h; mn~;kuksa dk l`tu oSQls fd;k\ 1 (t) csjkst+xkj ;qokvksa dks jkst+xkj nsus ds lanHkZ esa ^vesfjdk* dh Hkwfedk D;k gS\ 1 (>) T+;knk ;qokvksa dh ft+anxh dks oSQls izHkkfor fd;k tk ldrk gS\ 1 ( k) ^Nk=ko`f k* rFkk ^fodkl'khy* 'kCnksa osQ okD; cukb,A 2 (r) 2 ^vehj* vkSj ^vfrfFk* 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph fyf[k,A (Fk) ^foiUu* rFkk ^U;wure* 'kCnksa osQ foykse fyf[k,A 1 (n) 1 ^csjkst+xkjh* 'kCn esa ls milxZ vkSj izR;; vyx&vyx dhft,A [kaM&[k iz-3 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij fuca/ fyf[k, & 25 5 (d) rduhd ls cnyrk thou ([k) tks gS mlls csgrj pkfg, (x) ;qok ih<+h vkSj ns'k dk Hkfo";A (?k) ehfM;k dh lkekftd ft+EesnkjhA iz-4 nwjn'kZu osQ egkfuns'kd dks nwjn'kZu osQ dk;ZoQ z eksa dh leh{kk djrs gq, ,d i=k fyf[k,A 5 vFkok vius eqgYys osQ lehi fLFkr ^^cq k ikoZQ** dh nqnZ'kk dh vksj fuxek;qDr dk ;ku vkdf"kZr djrs gq, xkSre@#fp dh vksj ls i=k fyf[k,] ftlesa ikoZQ osQ leqfpr j[k&j[kko dh O;oLFkk dk vkxzg fd;k gksA iz-5 (v) fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ laf{kIr m kj nhft, & (d) ^ist Fkzh* i=kdkfjrk dk rkRi;Z D;k gS\ 1 ([k) ^LrEHk ys[ku* ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\ 1 84 iz-la- iz'u (x) ^MsM ykbu* D;k gS\ vad 1 (?k) ^i=kdkjh; ys[ku* vkSj ^lkfgfR;d l`tukRed ys[ku* esa D;k vUrj gS\ 1 ( ) iQhpj ys[ku dh Hkk"kk 'kSyh dSlh gksuh pkfg,\ 1 (vk) fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij vkys[k fyf[k,A 5 (1) yksdra=k ls ns'k dh j{kk dSlh dh tk ldrh gS\ ;qok&ih<+h dk blesa D;k ;ksxnku gS\ bu fcUnqvksa ds vk/kj ij ,d vkys[k rS;kj dhft,A (2) [ksrh dh T+kehu ij iQSDVjh yxkus dks ysdj pyus okyh cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq,s vkys[k fyf[k,\ iz-6 fdlh ,d fo"k; ij yxHkx 150 'kCnksa dk iQhpj vkys[k fyf[k,& 5 (d) ;equk ty dh LoPNrk osQ iz;kl gsrq vfHk;ku ([k) lkaiz;kfndrk vkSj Hkkjr [kaM&x iz-7 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d dkO;ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ m kj fyf[k, & 55 8 eSa tx&thou dk Hkkj fy, fiQjrk gw ] fiQj Hkh thou esa I;kj fy, fiQjrk gw _ dj fn;k fdlh us >ad`r ftudks Nwdj eSa lk lksa osQ nks rkj fy, fiQjrk gw ! eSa Lusg&lqjk dk iku fd;k djrk gw ] eSa dHkh u tx dk ;ku fd;k djrk gw ] tx iwN jgk mudks] tks tx dh xkrs] eSa vius eu dk xku fd;k djrk gw ! (d) ;s iafDr;k fdl dfork ls yh xbZ gSa vkSj blosQ dfo dkSu gSa\ 1 ([k) ^tx thou dk Hkkj vkSj fiQj Hkh thou ls I;kj* & ;gk dfo us thou osQ lanHkZ 2 85 iz-la- iz'u vad (x) dfo Lusg&lqjk dk iku oSQls djrk gS\ 2 (?k) ^tx iwN jgk mudks tks tx dh xkrs* ls dfo dk D;k vfHkizk; gS\ 2 esa ;g fojks/h ckr D;ksa dgh gS\ vFkok ckr lh/h Fkh ij ,d ckj Hkk"kk osQ pDdj esa tjk Vs<+h i Ql xbZA mls ikus dh dksf'k'k esa Hkk"kk dks myVk&iyVk rksM+k&ejksM+k ?kqek;k&fiQjk;k fd ckr ;k rks cus ;k fiQj Hkk"kk ls ckgj vk, & ysfdu blls Hkk"kk osQ lkFk&lkFk ckr vkSj Hkh isphnk gksrh pyh xbZA lkjh eqf'dy dks /S;Z ls le>s fcuk eSa isap dks [kksyus osQ ctk, mls csrjg dlrk pyk tk jgk Fkk D;ksafd bl djrc ij eq>s lki+Q lqukbZ ns jgh Fkh rek'kchuksa dh 'kkck'kh vkSj okg&okgA (d) ;s iafDr;k fdl dfork ls yh xbZ gSa vkSj blosQ dfo dkSu gSa\ 1 ([k) ckr vkSj Hkk"kk ijLij tqMs+ gksrs gS] a fdUrq dHkh&dHkh Hkk"kk osQ pDdj esa ^lh/h ckr Hkh Vs<+h gks tkrh gSA* Li"V dhft,] oSQls\ 2 (x) 2 bu dkO;kiafDr;ksa osQ vk/kj ij crkb, fd gesa Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx oSQls djuk pkfg,\ 86 iz-la- iz'u vad (?k) ^D;ksafd -------------------------------- okg okg* & bldk HkkokFkZ Li"V dhft,A 2 iz-8 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d dkO;ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft,& 6 [ksrh u fdlku dks] fHk[kkjh dks u Hkh[k] cfy] cfud dks cfut] u pkdj dks pkdjhA thfodk fcghu yksx lh|eku lksp cl] dgsa ,d ,du lksa ^dgk tkbZ] dk djh csngw iqjku dgh] yksdgw fcyksfdvr] lk djs lcSa iS] jke! jkojsa d`ik djhA nkfjn&nlkuu nckbZ nquh] nhuca/q! nqfjr&ngu nsf[k rqylh ggk djhAA (d) fdlku] O;kikjh] fHk[kkjh vkSj pkdj fdl ckr ls ijs'kku gSa\ ([k) csngw iqjku dgh --------- d`ik djh* & bl iafDr dk Hkko lkSan;Z Li"V dhft,A (x) dfo us nfjnzrk dks fdlds leku crk;k gS vkSj D;ksa\ vFkok mgk jke yfNeufg fugkjhA cksys cpu euqt vuqlkjhAA v/Z jkfr xb dfi ufga vk;mA jke mBkbZ vuqt mj yk; AA ldgq u nqf[kr nsf[k eksfg dk A ca/q lnk ro e`nqy lqHkk AA ee fgr ykfx rtsgq firq ekrkA lgsgq fcfiu fge vkri ckrkAA lks vuqjkx dgk vc HkkbZA mBgq u lqfu ee cp fcdykbZAA tkSa tursm cu ca/q fcNksgwA firq cpu eursm ufga vksgwAA lqr fcr ukfj Hkou ifjokjkA gksfga tkfga tx ckjfga ckjkA vl fcpkfj ft;Sa tkxgq rkrkA feyb u txr lgksnj HkzkrkAA tFkk ia[k fcu [kx vfr nhukA efu fcuq iQfu dfjcj dj ghukAA vl ee ftou ca/q fcuq rksghA tkSa tM+ nSo ftvkoS eksghAA tSgm vo/ dou eqgq ykbZA ukfj gsrw fiz; Hkkb x okbZAA c# vitl lgrsm tx ekghaA ukfj gkfu fcls"k Nfr ukghaAA 87 iz-la- iz'u vad (d) dkO;ka'k osQ Hkko lkSan;Z ij izdk'k Mkfy,A ([k) bu iafDr;ksa dks i<+dj jke vkSj y{e.k dh fdu&fdu fo'ks"krkvksa dk irk pyrk gS\ (x) vafre nks iafDr;ksa dks i<+dj gesa D;k lh[k feyrh gS\ iz-9 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft, & (3+3) 6 (d) ^NksVk esjk [ksr* dfork esa ^cht xy x;k fu%'ks"k* ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\ ([k) fi+Qjkd dh xty esa izd`fr dks fdl rjg fpf=kr fd;k x;k gS\ (x) ^ckny&jkx* 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk fln~/ dhft,A iz-10 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d xn~;ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft, & 8 lsod&/eZ esa guqeku th ls Lin~/kZ djus okyh HkfDru fdlh vatuk dh iq=kh u gksdj ,d vuke& /U;k xksikfydk dh dU;k gS&uke gS yNfeu vFkkZr y{ehA ij tSls esjs uke dh fo'kkyrk esjs fy, nqoZg gS] oSls gh y{eh dh le`n~f/ HkfDru osQ diky dh oqaQfpr js[kkvksa esa ugha c / ldhA oSls rks thou esa izk;% lHkh dks vius&vius uke dk fojks/kHkkl ysdj thuk iM+rk gS_ ij HkfDru cgqr le>nkj gS] D;ksafd og viuk le`n~f/&lwpd uke fdlh dks crkrh ughaA osQoy tc ukSdjh dh [kkst esa vkbZ Fkh] rc bZekunkjh dk ifjp; nsus osQ fy, mlus 'ks"k bfro`Rr osQ lkFk ;g Hkh crk fn;k_ ij bl izkFkZuk osQ lkFk fd eSa dHkh uke dk mi;ksx u d: A miuke j[kus dh izfrHkk gksrh] rks eSa lcls igys mldk iz;ksx vius mQij djrh] bl rF; dks og nsgkfru D;k tkus] blh ls tc eSaus oaQBh ekyk ns[kdj mldk u;k ukedj.k fd;k rc og HkfDru&tSls dfoRoghu uke dks ikdj Hkh xn~xn gks mBhA (d) izLrqr xn~;ka'k fdl ikB ls fy;k x;k gS\ blosQ jpukdkj dkSu gSa\ 1 ([k) HkfDru viuk uke fdlh dks D;ksa ugha crkrh Fkh\ 2 (x) HkfDru dks guqeku th ls Lin~/kZ djus okyh fdl vFkZ esa dgk x;k gS\ 2 (?k) egknsoh th us y{eh dk ukedj.k oSQls fd;k\ 2 vFkok mudk vk'k; Fkk fd ;g iRuh dh efgek gSA ml efgek dk eSa dk;y gw A vkfndky ls bl fo"k; esa ifr ls iRuh dh gh izeq[krk izekf.kr gSA vkSj ;g O;fDrRo dk iz'u ugha] L=khRo dk iz'u gSA L=kh ek;k u tksM+s] rks D;k eSa tksM w\ fiQj Hkh lp lc gS vkSj og ;g fd bl ckr esa iRuh dh vksV yh tkrh gSA ewy esa ,d vkSj rRRo dh efgek lfo'ks"k gSA og rRRo gh gS & euhcSx] vFkkZr~ 88 iz-la- iz'u vad iSls dh xjeh ;k ,uthZA iSlk ikoj gSA ij mlosQ lcwr esa vkl&ikl eky&Vky u tek gks rks D;k og [kkd ikoj gSA iSls dks ns[kus osQ fy, cSad&fglkc nsf[k,] ij eky&vlckc edku&dksBh rks vuns[ks Hkh nh[krs gSaA iSls dh ml ^ipsZftax ikoj* osQ iz;ksx essa gh ikoj dk jl gSA ysfdu ughaA yksx la;eh Hkh gksrs gSaA os fiQtwy lkeku dks fiQtwy le>rs gSaA os iSlk cgkrs ugha gSa vkSj cqn~f/eku gksrs gSaA cqn~f/ vkSj la;eiwoZd og iSls dks tksM+rs tkrs gSa] tksM+rs tkrs gSaA og iSls dh ikoj dks bruk fu'p; le>rs gSa] mlosQ iz;ksx dh ijh{kk mUgsa njdkj ugha gSA cl [kqn iSls osQ tqM+k gksus ij mudk eu xoZ ls Hkjk iwQyk jgrk gSA (d) izLrqr xn~;ka'k fdl ikB ls fy;k x;k gS\blosQ jpukdkj dkSu gSa\ 1 ([k) ys[kd ds vuqlkj iRuh dh efgek dk D;k dkj.k gS\ 2 (x) vkids vuqlkj L=kh dh vkM+ esa fdl lp dks fNik;k tk jgk gS\ 2 (?k) lkekU;r% la;eh O;fDr D;k djrs gSa\ 2 iz-11 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha pkj iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft, & (4x3) 12 (d) ;fn vki /eZohj Hkkjrh osQ LFkku ij gksrs rks thth osQ roZQ lqudj D;k djrs vkSj D;ksa\ ^dkys es?kk ikuh ns* & ikB osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A ([k) ^igyoku dh <ksyd* ikB osQ vk/kj ij crkb, fd yqV~Vu flag <ksy dks viuk xq# D;ksa ekurk Fkk\ (x) pkyhZ pSfIyu dh ftUnxh us mUgsa oSQlk cuk fn;k\ ^pkyhZ pSfIyu ;kuh ge lc* ikB osQ vk/kj ij Li"V dhft,A (?k) ykgkSj vkSj ve`rlj osQ dLVe vf/dkfj;ksa us lfi+Q;k osQ lkFk oSQlk O;ogkj fd;k\ ^ued* ikB osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A ( ) dkfynkl us f'kjh"k dh dkseyrk vkSj f}osnh th us mldh dBksjrk osQ fo"k; esa D;k dgk gS\ ^f'kjh"k osQ iwQy* ikB osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A iz-12 fuEufyf[kr esas ls fdUgha nks iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft,& (3+3) 6 (d) ;'kks/j ckcw dh iRuh eq[;r% iqjkus laLdkjksa okyh Fkh] fiQj fdu dkj.kksa ls og vk/qfud cu xbZ\ ^flYoj oSfMax* ikB osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A ([k) ik poh d{kk esa ikl u gksus osQ i'pkr ys[kd dks oSQlk yxk\ ^tw>* dgkuh osQ vk/kj 89 iz-la- iz'u vad ij fyf[k,\ (x) ,su dh Mk;jh osQ ek ;e ls gekjk eu lHkh ;qn~/ ihfM+rksa osQ fy, oSQlk vuqHko djrk gS\ ^Mk;jh osQ iUus* dgkuh osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A iz-13 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft,& (2+2) 4 (d) fla/q&lH;rk esa uxj&fu;kstu ls Hkh dgha T;knk lkSan;Z&cks/ osQ n'kZu gksrs gSaA ^vrhr esa ncs ik o* ikB esa fn, rF;ksa osQ vk/kj ij tkudkjh nhft,A ([k) ^tw>* dgkuh dh dkSu lh ckr vkidks ;kn jg tkrh gS\ (x) ;'kks/j ckcw dk O;ogkj vkidks oSQlk yxk\^flYoj oSfMax* dgkuh osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A iz-14 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d iz'u dk m kj nhft, & (d) ^Mk;jh osQ iUus* ikB osQ vk/kj ij ,su }kjk of.kZr lsa/ekjksa okyh ?kVuk dk o.kZu vius 'kCnksa esa dhft,A ([k) ^vrhr esa ncs ik o* ikB osQ vk/kj ij fla/q&lH;rk esa izkIr oLrqvksa dk o.kZu dhft,A 90 5 vad ;kstuk izfrn'kZ iz'ui=k&1 fganh & osQafnzd d{kk & ckjgoha le;% 3 ?kaVs iw.kk d & 100 funsZ'k % bl iz'u&i=k osQ pkj [kaM gS & ^d*] ^[k*] ^x*] ^?k*A lHkh iz'uksa dks ozQekuqlkj dhft,A iz-la- m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad [kaM&d iz-1 (d) izFke dkO;ka'k osQ fcu cqyk, fe=k ls Mjus dh ckr dgh tk jgh gS A 1 ([k) ^mnkj fe=k* ls dfo dk rkRi;Z gS fd dfo dk le; u"V djus okyk fcu cqyk;k fe=k A 1 (x) dfo le; uk gksus ds dkj.k vius jgu&lgu ij ;ku ugh ns ikrk gSA fe=k mldh vkykspuk dj mls ijs'kku dj nsrk gSA 1 (?k) ^dqN nzO; tqxk dj [kM+k djks dqN dke* dk vFkZ gS fd dqN /u ,d=k dj O;kikj vkfn vkjaHk djksA ( ) dfo dk fe=kA iz-2 2 1 (d) 'kh"kZd&csjksT+kxkjksa osQ fy, jksT+kxkj@jkstxkj osQ fy, lwlu dh HkwfedkA 1 ([k) Hkkjr esa djksM+kas ;qokvksa esa ls dbZ rks csjkstxkj gSa rks dbZ dksbZ NksVk&eksVk /a/k dj jgs gSaA ;s lHkh iSlk dekus dh bPNk j[krs gSa rkfd] Hkfo"; esa th losaQA 1 (x) f'k{kkfon~ lwlj LV kWM dks Hkkjr esa dbZ eqf'dy lokyksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA 1 (?k) lwlu ;qokvksa dh mQtkZ dk bLrseky ,d j.kuhfr osQ rgr jk"V h; fodkl] yksdra=k dks c<+kok nsus vkSj csjkstxkjh dh leL;k ls fuiVus osQ fy, djrh gSA 1 ( ) vizQhdk esa csjkstxkj ;qokvksa dks v'osrksa osQ bykosQ esa de dher osQ edku cukus osQ dk;ZozQe ls tksM+k x;kA blls bUgksaus Hkou fuekZ.k osQ xqj lh[ks rFkk Vhe osQ :i esa dke djuk lh[kkA 1 (p) ;qokvksa dks lsok laaca/h dk;ZozQeksa osQ ek ;e ls mi;ksxh ifj;kstukvksa ls tksM+k tk ldrk gS rFkk blosQ ,ot esa bUgsa oqQN iSlk Hkh fn;k tk ldrk gSA 1 (N) vesfjdk esa ;qokvksa us T+;knkrj jk"V h; mn~;kuksa dk l`tu yk[kksa dh la[;k esa isM+ yxk dj fd;kA 91 1 iz-la- m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad (t) ^vesfjdk* osQ tfj, gj lky 75 gtkj ;qokvksa dks jkst+xkj fn;k tkrk gSA bu ;qokvksa dh vk;q chl ls rhl lky rd gksrh gSaA 1 (>) T+;knk ;qokvksa dh ft+Unxh dks izHkkfor djus osQ fy, T+;knk ls T+;knk tu lalk/uksa dh O;oLFkk djuh gksxhA 1 ( k) Nk=ko`f k & d{kk nloha ls izFke vkus ij esjs NksVs HkkbZ dks fnYyh ljdkj us Nk=ko`f k nhA 2 fodkl'khy & fodkl'khy ns'k Hkh vkxs c<+us dh izfrLi/kZ esa yxs gq, gSaA (r) i;kZ;okph (nks&nks) & 2 vehj & /uh] /uk<~; vfrfFk & esgeku] vkxUrqd (Fk) foykse 'kCn & 1 foiUu & lEiUu U;wure & vf/dre (n) csjkstxkjh 1 milxZ & cs izR;; & bZ [kaM&[k 5 2 ([k) fo"k; oLrq (de ls de rhu izeq[k fcUnqvksa ij foe'kZ) 2 (x) iz-4 fdlh ,d fo"k; ij fuca/ visf{kr gS & (d) Hkwfedk vkSj milagkj iz-3 Hkk"kk dh liQkbZ ,oa lexz Hkko 1 i=k&ys[ku fdlh ,d fo"k; ij visf{kr gS & 5 (d) izkjaHk ,oa var dh vkSipkfjdrk, 2 ([k) iz'ukuq:i fo"k;&oLrq 2 (x) 1 Hkk"kk dh liQkbZ] lqUnjrk vkSj lexz Hkko 92 iz-laiz-5 m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad (v) lHkh ds laf{kIr m kj visf{kr gSa & (d) ^ist Fkzh* i=kdkfjrk dk rkRi;Z ,slh i=kdkfjrk ls gSa ftlesa iSQ'ku] vehjksa dh cM+h&cM+h 1 ikfVZ;ksa] egfiQyksa rFk yksdfiz; yksxksa osQ futh thou osQ ckjs esa crk;k tkrk gSA ;g lkekU; rFkk lekpkj i=k osQ i`"B rhu ij izdkf'kr gksrh gSA ([k) egRoiw.kZ] yksdfiz; ys[kdksa osQ ys[kksa dh fu;fer J`a[kyk dks LraHk ys[ku dgk tkrk gSA 1 blesa ys[kd osQ fopkj vfHkO;Dr gksrs gSaA (x) lekpkj ek ;eksa esa fdlh lekpkj dks izdkf'kr ;k izlkfjr gksus osQ fy, igq pus dh 1 vkf[kjh le;&lhek dks MsM ykbu dgk tkrk gSA (?k) i=kdkjh; ys[ku esa i=kdkj ikBdks] a n'kZdksa o Jksrkvksa rd lwpuk, igqp kus osQ fy, ys[ku 1 osQ fofHkUu :Ikksa dk bLrseky djrs gSa] tc fd lkfgfR;d&l`tukRed ys[ku esa fparu osQ tfj, ubZ jpuk dk mn~Hko gksrk gSA ( ) iQhpj ys[ku dh Hkk"kk ljy] :ikRed] vkd"kZd o eu dks Nwus okyh gksuh pkfg,A 1 (vk) (1) fo"k; ij lE;o~Q fparu 5 (2) Hkk"kk] lgt] ljy o jkspd (3) milagkj iz-6 2 2 iQhpj&ys[ku 5 (d) izkjEHk vkSj lekiu 2 ([k) izHkkoh izLrqfr 2 (x) 1 mi;qDr Hkk"kk [kaM&x iz-7 dksbZ ,d i|ka'k ds m kj visf{kr gSa& (d) dfo & gfjoa'k jk; cPpu 1 dfork & vkRe ifjp; ([k) D;ksf a d nksukas (dfo vkSj lalkj) vyx&vyx izof ` k;ksa ds gSA a dfo dks lalkj viw.kZ yxrk gS vkSj og mlds volkn] nq[k&nnZ esa Hkh [kq'kh ryk'k ysrk gSA (x) dfo izse dh ekndrk] mlds ikxyiu dks gj iy eglwl djrk jgrk gS & ekuks 93 2 2 iz-la- m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad fdlh us mlds thou dks izse&Li'kZ nsdj mlds eu dh >a r dj fn;k gksA (?k) blls ;g vfHkizk; gS fd lalkj mUgsa gh vknj&lEeku nsrk gS tks lalkj dk xq.kxku djrs 2 gSa] mudk lEeku ugha djrk tks lalkj dh bPNk ls ugha vfirq viuh bPNk ls xhr xkrs gSaA vFkok (d) dfo & Jh dqo j ukjk;.k 1 dfork & ckr lh/h Fkh ij ([k) Hkk"kk vkSj ckr esa ijLij laca/ gS dbZ ckj dfo viuh ckr dks izHkkoh cukus ds fy,] rkjhi+Q fy, ikus ds fy,] Hkk"kk dk tky cqurk gSA fiQj blh tky esa iQ ldj ckr viuk vFkZ vkSj Lo:i [kksdj Vs<+h gks tkrh gSA 2 (x) ftl ckr dks ge lh/h ljy Hkk"kk esa cksydj vfHkO;Dr dj ldrs gSa] mlds fy, isphnk 'kCn tky ugha cquuk pkfg,A Hkk"kk dks lgt :i ls iz;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A 2 (?k) HkkokFkZ dfo us Hkk"kk dks ftruk cukoVh <ax ls vkSj mls ykx&yisV djus okys 'kCnksa ds lkFk iz;ksx fd;k] ml ij mls mruh gh vf/d iz'kalk fey jgh FkhA 2 iz-8 fdlh ,d dkO;ka'k ds m kj visf{kr gS& (d) fdlku dks [ksrh ds volj ugha feyrs] O;kikjh ds ikl O;kikj dh deh gS] fHk[kkjh dks Hkh[k ugha feyrh vkSj ukSdj dks ukSdjh ugha feyrhA 2 ([k) osn&iqjk.k esa Hkh ;gh fy[kk gS fd Hkxoku Jh jke dh efgek vikj gS mu ik n`f"V iM+us ij gh nfjnzrk nwj gks ldrh gSA 2 (x) 2 nfjnzrk dks nl eq[k okys jko.k ds leku crk;k gS D;ksafd og Hkh jko.k dh rjg lekt ds gj oxZ dks izHkkfor dj viuk vR;kpkj p pyk jgh gSA vFkok (d) fo".kq Hkxoku ds vorkj Hkxoku Jh jke dk euq"; ds leku O;kdqy gksuk] vkt ds ;qx esa tc yksx vius Hkkb;ksa ls >xM+rs jgrs gSa] rks jke] y{e.k vkSj Hkjr dk ;g ijLij vxk/ izse gekjs fy, izsj.kk dk lzksr gSA ([k) nksuksa Hkkb;ksa esa ijLij vxk/ izse FkkA Jh jke vuqt ls cgqr yxko j[krs Fks rFkk nksuksa esa firk&iq=k dk lk laca/ FkkA ogha y{e.k Jh jke dk cgqr lEeku djrs FksA (x) Hkxoku Jh jke ds vuqlkj lalkj ds lc lq[k HkkbZ ij U;kSNkoj fd, tk ldrs gSaA HkkbZ ds vHkko esa thou O;FkZ gS vkSj HkkbZ tSlk dksbZ gks gh ugha ldrkA vkt ds ;qx esa ;g lh[k vusd lkekftd d"Vksa ls eqDr djok ldrh gSA 94 iz-laiz-9 m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad dksbZ nks m kj visf{kr gSa & (d) dfork dh [ksrh esa dfo us dkxt+ue q k [ksr ij vkbZ fopkjksa dh vk /h dk mYys[k fd;k 3 gSA blh ds ifj.kkeLo:i og {k.k vk;k tc ys[ku vkjaHk gqvkA dYiukvksa ds izHkko ls og {k.k xkS.k gks x;k vkSj dfork dk tUe gqvk] tSls [ksr esa jksik gqvk cht yqIr gksdj vadqj vkSj ikS/s dks tUe nsrk gSA blds vfrfjDr uohu l`tu ds fy, l`tudrkZ dks R;kx djuk iM+rk gSA dHkh&dHkh rks ;g fLFkfr Hkh gksrh gS fd cfynku ds i'pkr uofuekZ.k vkdkj ikrk gSA ([k) fi+Qjkd dh xt+y ds izFke nks 'ksj iz fr o.kZu dks gh lefiZr gSaA izFke 'ksj esa dfy;ksa 3 ds f[kyus dh izf ;k dk Hkkoiw.kZ o.kZu gSA dfo bl 'ksj dks uo jlksa ls vkjaHk djrk gSA gj dksey xk B ds [kqy tkus esa dfy;ksa dk f[kyuk vkSj nwljk izrhdkRed vFkZ Hkh gS fd lc ca/uksa ls eqDr gks tkuk] laca/ lq/j tkukA blds ckn dfo dfy;ksa ds f[kyus ls jaxkas a vkSj lqxa/ ds iSQy tkus dh ckr djrk gSA ikBd ds le{k ,d fcac mHkjrk gS lkSan;Z vkSj lqxa/ nksuksa dks eglwl djrk gSA (x) ^ckny jkx* 'kh"kZd i<+rs gh gekjs eu&efLr"d esa cknyksa dh xtZu lqukbZ nsus yxrh gSA dfo us cknyksa ds xtZu&rtZu dks kafr vFkkZr~ j.kHksjh dgk gSA ckny ds vkxeu ls izkf.k;ksa vkSj ifjos'k esa tks dksykgy lqukbZ nsrk gS] tks ifjorZu vkrs gSa] mUgs of.kZr fd;k gSA o.kZu bruk l'kDr vkSj ukne; gS fd dfork esa vkjaHk ls var rd ckny dk Loj lqukbZ nsrk jgrk gSA bu lHkh fo'ks"krkvksa ds dkj.k ^ckny jkx* 'kh"kZd gh lcls mi;qDr gSA iz-10 fdlh ,d x|ka'k ds m kj visf{kr gS& (d) izLrqr xn~;ka'k ^HkfDru* ikB ls fy;k x;k gSA bls ^egknsoh oekZ* us fy[kk gSA 1 ([k) HkfDru dk vlyh uke yNfeu FkkA og bl uke dks lcls fNikrh Fkh] D;ksafd bl 2 le`n~f/ &lwpd uke tSlk mlds thou esa dqN Fkk gh ughaA vr% mls uke ij 'keZ eglwl gksrh gksxhA blhfy, og fdlh dks viuk uke ugha crkrh FkhA (x) guqeku th dks lsod&/eZ dks lokZf/d fu"Bk ls fuHkkusokyk jkeHkDr ekuk tkrk gSA 2 egknsoh th HkfDru ds lsok Hkko ls bruh izHkkfor Fkh fd mUgksaus blh ln~xq.k ds dkj.k HkfDru dks guqeku th ds led{k ekukA (?k) y{eh us bZekunkjh ls viuk uke crkus vkSj bl uke dks fNikus dh ckr Li"V :i ls crk nh FkhA vr% mldh daBh&ekyk ns[kdj ysf[kdk us mls ^HkfDru* uke ns MkykA vFkok 95 2 iz-la- m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad (d) izLrqr xn~;ka'k ^ckt+kj n'kZu* ikB ls fy;k x;k gS] bldh jpuk tSusanz dqekj th us dh gSA 1 ([k) vkfndky ls gh L=kh dks egRRoiw.kZ ekuk x;k gSA [kjhnkjh ds ewy esa L=kh (iRuh) gh efgek gS vkSj bl efgek dk iz'kald gS mldk ifrA ogh bldh izeq[krk dks izekf.kr dj jgk gSA 2 (x) L=kh dh vkM+ esa ;g lp fNik;k tk jgk gS fd bu egk'k; ds ikl Hkjk gqvk euhcSx 2 gS] iSls dh xehZ gSA ;s bl xehZ ls viuh ,uthZ lkfcr djus ds fy, L=kh dks fiQT+kwy [kpZ djus nsrs gSaA (?k) la;eh yksx ^ipsZft+ax ikoj* ds uke viuh 'kku ugha fn[kkrsA os /u dks tksM+dj cqn~f/ 2 vkSj la;e ls viuh ikoj cukrs gSaA izlUu jgrs gSa vkSj fi+Qtwy[kpZ ugha djrsA iz-11 dksbZ pkj m kj visf{kr gS & (d) ;fn ge ys[kd ds LFkku ij gksrs rks thth ds rdZ lqudj ogh djrs tks ys[kd us fd;k] 3 D;ksafd rdZ djus ls rks thth 'kk;n gh dqN le> ikrha] mudk fny nq[krk vkSj gekjs izfr mudk ln~Hkko Hkh ?kV tkrkA ys[kd dh Hkk fr ge Hkh thth ds I;kj vkSj ln~Hkko dks [kksuk ugha pkgrsA ;gh dkj.k gS fd cgqr&lh csrqdh ijaijk, gekjs ns'k dks tdM+s gq, gSaA ([k) <ksy dks igyoku us viuk xq# ekuk vkSj ,dyO; dh Hkkafr ges'kk mlh dh vkKk dk 3 vuqdj.k djrk jgkA <ksy dks gh mlus vius csVksa dk xq# cukdj f'k{kk nh fd lnk bldks eku nsukA <ksy ysdj gh og jkt&njckj ls #[klr gqvkA <ksy ctk&ctk dj gh mlus vius v[kkM+s esa cPpksa&yM+dksa dks f'k{kk nh] dq'rh ds xqj fl[kk,A <ksy ls gh mlus xk ookyksa dks Hkh"k.k nq[k esa Hkh lathouh 'kfDr iznku dh FkhA <ksy ds lgkjs gh csVksa dh e`R;q dk nq[k ik p fnu rd fnysjh ls lgu fd;kA vkSj var esa og Hkh ej x;kA ;g lc ns[kdj yxrk gS fd mldk <ksy mlds thou dk lacy] thou lkFkh gh FkkA (x) pkyhZ ,d ifjR;Drk] nwljs ntsZ dh LVst vfHkus=kh ds csVs FksA mUgksaus Hk;adj xjhch vkSj ek ds ikxyiu ls la?k"kZ djuk lh[kkA lkezkT;] vkSn~;ksfxd kafr] iw thokn rFkk lkear'kkgh ls ex:j ,d lekt dk frjLdkj lgu fd;kA blh dkj.k eklwe pSfIyu dks tks thou ewY; feys] os djksM+ifr gks tkus ds ckn Hkh var rd muesa jgsA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa us pSfIyu esa HkhM+ dk og lPk lnk thfor j[kk] tks b'kkjs ls cryk nsrk gS fd jktk Hkh mruk gh uaxk gS] ftruk eSa gw vkSj g l nsrk gSA ;gh og dykdkj gS] ftlus fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh fgEer ls dke fy;kA (?k) nksuksa txg ds dLVe vf/dkfj;ksa us lfi+Q;k vkSj mldh ued :ih ln~Hkkouk dk lEeku 3 fd;kA dsoy lEeku ugha] mls ;g Hkh tkudkjh feyh fd muesa ls ,d nsgyh dks viuk 96 3 iz-la- m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad oru ekurs vkSj nwljs <kdk dks viuk oru dgrs gSaA mu nksuksa us lfi+Q;k ds izfr iwjk ln~Hkko fn[kk;k] dkuwu dk mYya?ku djds Hkh mls ued ys tkus fn;kA ve`rlj okys lquhy nkl xqIr rks mldk FkSyk mBkdj pys vkSj mlds iqy ikj djus rd ogha ij [kM+s jgsA mu vf/ dkfj;ksa us ;g lkfcr dj fn;k fd dksbZ Hkh dkuwu ;k ljgn izse ls ij ugha gSA ( ) dkfynkl vkSj laL r lkfgR; us f'kjh"k dks cgqr dksey ekuk gSA dkfynkl dk dFku fd ^^ina lgrs HkzejL; isyoa f'kjh"k iq"ia u iqu% irf=k.kke~** & f'kjh"k iq"i dsoy HkkSjksa ds inksa dk dksey ncko lgu dj ldrk gS] if{k;ksa dk fcydqy ughaA ysfdu blls gtkjh izlkn n~foosnh lger ugha gSA mudk fopkj gS fd bls dksey ekuuk Hkwy gSA blds iQy brus et+cwr gksrs gS fd u, iwQyksa ds fudy vkus ij Hkh LFkku ugha NksM+rsA tc rd u, iQy&iRrs feydj] /fd;kdj mUgsa ckgj ugha dj nsrs] rc rd os MVs jgrs gSaA olar ds vkxeu ij tc lkjh ouLFkyh iq"i&i=k ls eeZfjr gksrh jgrh gS] rc Hkh f'kjh"k ds iqjkus iQy cqjh rjg [kM+[kM+krs jgrs gSaA iz-12 dksbZ nks m kj visf{kr gSa & (d) ;|fi ;'kks/j ckcw dh iRuh vius ewy laLdkjksa ls fdlh Hkh rjg vk/qfud ugha gS] ij 3 vc cPpksa dk i{k ysus dh ekr` lqyHk etcwjh us mUgsa vk/qfud cuk fn;k gSA os cPpksa ds lkFk [kq'kh ls le; fcrkuk pkgrh gSaA ;'kks/j ckcw dk le; rks n +rj esa dV tkrk gS] ysfdu mudh iRuh D;k djs\ vr% cPpksa dk lkFk nsuk gh mUgsa vPNk yxrk gSA blds vfrfjDr muds eu esa bl ckr dk Hkh cM+k eyky Fkk fd tc os 'kknh gksdj vkbZ Fkha] rks la;qDr ifjokj esa mu ij cgqr dqN Fkksik x;k vkSj muds ifr ;'kks/j ckcw us dHkh Hkh mudk i{k ugha fy;kA ;qokoLFkk esa gh mUgsa cqf<+;k cuk fn;k x;kA vc rks de&ls&de cPpksa ds lkFk jgdj dqN eu dh dj ysaA ([k) tks yM+ds pkSFkh ikl djds d{kk esa vk,] ys[kd muesa ls xyh ds nks yM+dksa ds flok, 3 vkSj fdlh dks tkurk rd ugha FkkA ftu yM+dksa dks og de vDy vkSj vius ls NksVk le>rk Fkk] mUgha ds lkFk vc mls cSBuk iM+ jgk FkkA og viuh d{kk esa iqjkuk fon~;kFkhZ gksdj Hkh vtuch cudj jg x;kA iqjkus lgikBh rks mls lc rjg ls tkurs le>rs Fks] exj u, yM+dksa us rks mldh /ksrh] mldk xeNk] mldk FkSyk vkfn lc pht+ksa dk et+kd mM+kuk vkjaHk dj fn;kA mlds eu esa ;g nq[k Hkh Fkk fd bruh dksf'k'k djds i<+us dk volj feyk vkSj og ikl ugha gks ldkA blls mlds vkRefo'okl esa Hkh deh vk xbZA (x) ,su dh Mk;jh esa ;qn~/ ihfM+rksa dh ,slh lw{e ihM+kvksa dk lPpk o.kZu gS tSlk vU;=k 3 dgha ugha feyrkA blls ihfM+rksa ds izfr gekjk eu d#.kk vkSj n;k ls Hkj tkrk gSA eu esa fgalk vkSj ;qn~/ ds izfr ?k`.kk dk Hkko vkrk gSA ge lksprs gSa fd ;qn~/] fotsrk vkSj ijkftr i{k nksuksa ds fy, gh vk?kkr vkSj ihM+k nsusokyk gksrk gSA thou dh ewyHkwr 97 iz-la- m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad vko';drkvksa ds fy, Hkh ukxfjdksa ds uUgsa cPpksa dks fdruk HkVduk iM+rk gS] ;g ihM+k dh ijkdk k gSA ;fn ,su ds lkFk ,slk cqjk O;ogkj u gqvk gksrk rks mldh bl rjg vdky e`R;q u gqbZ gksrhA ,su ds ifjokj ds lkFk tSlk gqvk oSlk u tkus fdrus yksxksa ds lkFk gqvk gksxkA eu djrk gS fd os yksx tks ;qn~/ dk dkj.k curs gSa os ,su dh Mk;jh i<+dj mls vius fy, vuqHko djds ns[ksaA iz-13 dksbZ nks m kj visf{kr gSa & (d) dgk tk ldrk gS fd [kqnkbZ esa izkIr /krq vkSj iRFkj dh ewfrZ;ks] a e`n&HkkaM] mu ij fpf=kr 2 euq";] ouLifr vkSj i'kq&if{k;ksa dh Nfo;k ] lqanj eqgjsa] mu ij ckjhdh ls mRdh.kZ vk fr;k ] f[kykSus] ds'k&foU;kl vkSj vkHkw"k.k vkfn ml le; ds yksxksa ds lkSan;Z&cks/ ds ifjpk;d gSaA bl lcls dgha T;knk lkSan;Z&cks/ djkrh gaS ogk dh lq?kM+ fyfiA ;fn xgjkbZ ls lkspsa rks ogk dh izR;sd lq?kM+ ;kstuk Hkh rks lkSan;Z&cks/ dk gh ,d izek.k izLrqr djrh gSaA <dh gqbZ iDdh ukfy;k cukus ds ihNs xanxh ls cpko dk tks mn~ns'; Fkk og Hkh rks ewy :i ls LoPNrk vkSj lkSan;Z dk gh cks/ djkrk gSA vkokl dh lqanj O;oLFkk gks ;k vUu HkaMkj.k] lHkh ds ihNs vizR;{k :i ls lkSan;Z&cks/ dke dj jgk gSA vr% ;g Li"V gS fd fla/q lH;rk esa fdlh Hkh vU; O;oLFkk ls ij lkSan;Z&cks/ gh FkkA ([k) gekjk ys[kd izfrHkk laiUu Fkk] exj <ksj pjkus vkSj [ksr esa ikuh nsus rFkk miys cukus 2 esa viuh lkjh 'kfDr yxk jgk FkkA i<+us dh bPNk Hkhrj&gh&Hkhrj dqycqykrh jgrh FkhA lHkh mls Nksjs dgdj cqykrsA og i'kqvksa dk&lk thou th jgk FkkA tc i<+us dk volj feyk] rks mlus dfork ikB esa lcdks ihNs NksM+ fn;kA xf.kr ds loky gy djus esa Hkh mlus iwjh d{kk dks ihNs NksM+ fn;kA lHkh v ;kid mls vkuan dgdj iqdkjrs Fks] mls ekuks viuh Lo;a dh igpku fey xbZA mlds yxk mls ia[k fudy vk, gSaA og og cgqr gh [kq'k jgus yxkA euq"; ds thou esa f'k{kk dk cgqr egRRo gSA f'k{kk ds vHkko esa euq"; i'kq ds leku gksrk gSA bl dgkuh ds dgkuh ds ek ;e ls ys[kd us ;gh lh[k nh gSA (x) bl ikVhZ esa ;'kks/j ckcw dk O;ogkj cM+k vthc yxkA mUgsa ikVhZ baizkij yxh] D;ksafd 2 muds vuqlkj ;s lc vaxzst+ksa ds pkspys FksA viuh iRuh vkSj iq=kh dh M sl baizkij yxh] fOgLdh baizkij yxh] dsd Hkh ugha [kk;k] D;ksafd mlesa vaMk gksrk gSA yM~Mw Hkh ugha [kk;k] D;ksafd 'kke dh iwtk ugha dh FkhA iwtk esa tkdj cSB x, rkfd esgeku pys tk, A mudk ,slk O;ogkj cM+k gh baizkij yx jgk FkkA ;fn os dgha fdlh txg ij Hkh t+jk&lk le>kSrk dj ysrs] rks 'kk;n bruk cqjk u yxrkA 98 iz-la- m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad iz-14 dksbZ ,d m kj visf{kr gS& (d) ,su us viuh Mk;jh esa vusd d"V nsus okyh ckrksa esa lcls ize[ q k vKkrokl dks gh dgk 5 gSA fdlh cLrh esa fNidj jguk cM+k gh dfBu dke gSA 11 vizSy 1944 dh tks ?kVuk ,su us fy[kh gS mlls irk pyrk gS fd os yksx vusd d"Vnk;h fLFkfr;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk lsa/ ekjksa ls Hkh la?k"kZ djrs FksA ml fnu jkr lk<+s ukS cts ihVj us ftl izdkj ,su ds firk dks ckgj cqyk;k mlls ,su le> xbZ fd nky esa dqN dkyk gSA lsa/ekjksa us viuk dke 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA blfy, ,su ds firk] feLVj oku nku vkSj ihVj yiddj uhps igq psA ,su] ekxksZV mudh ek vkSj felst oku Mh ij Mjs&lges ls bart+kj djrs jgsA ,d t+ksj ds /ekds dh vkokt+ ls bu yksxksa ds gks'k mM+ x,A uhps xksnke esa lUukVk Fkk vkSj iq#"k yksx ogha lsa/ekjksa ds lkFk la?k"kZ dj jgs FksA Mj ls dk ius ij Hkh ;s yksx 'kkar cus jgsA rdjhcu 15 feuV ckn ,su ds firk lges gq, ij vk, vkSj bu yksxksa ls cfRr;k can djds ij Nr ij pys tkus dks dgk_ vc ;s yksx Mjus dh izfrf ;k trkus dh fLFkfr esa Hkh ugha FksA lhf<+;ksa ds chp okys njokt+s ij rkyk tM+ fn;k x;kA cqddsl can dj fn;k x;k] ukbV ySai ij LosVj Mky fn;k x;kA ihVj vHkh lhf<+;ksa ij gh Fkk fd t+ksj ds nks /ekds lqukbZ fn,A mlus uhps tkdj ns[kk fd xksnke dh rjiQ dk vk/k Hkkx xk;c FkkA og yiddj gkse xkMZ dks pkSdUuk djus HkkxkA feLVj oku us le>nkjh fn[kkrs gq, 'kksj epk;k ^iqfyl! iqfyl* ;g lqudj lsa/ekj Hkkx x, vkSj xksnke ds iQV~Vs fiQj ls yxk fn, x,A ysfdu os dqN gh feuV esa ykSV vk, vkSj fiQj ls rksM+k&iQksM+h 'kq: gks xbZA ml Mjkouh jkr esa cM+h eqf'dy ls iq#"kksa us la?k"kZ djds tku cpkbZA ([k) fla/q&lH;rk dh [kqnkbZ esa feyh vusd oLrqvksa dks vtk;c?kj esa j[kk x;k gSA LFkkuh; vtk;c?kj esa cgqr de oLrqvksa dks j[kk x;k gSA vf/dka'k egRRoiw.kZ pht+sa djkph] ykgkSj] fnYyh vkSj yanu esa gSaA ;ksa vdsys eqvutks&nkM+ksa dh [kqnkbZ esa fudyh iath r pht+ksa dh la[;k ipkl gt+kj ls T+;knk gS] ftuesa ls izR;sd fla/q lH;rk dh mR "Vrk dh felky gSA dkys Hkwjs fp=k] pkSiM+ dh xksfV;k ] nh;s] eki&rkSy ds iRFkj] rk cs dk vkbZuk] feV~Vh dh cSyxkM+h] vU; dbZ izdkj ds f[kykSus] nks ikVuokyh pDdh] da?kh feV~Vh ds daxu] jax&fcjaxs iRFkj ds gkj vkSj iRFkj ds vkSt+kjA vtk;c?kj esa rSukr pkSdhnkj us crk;k fd igys dqN lksus ds vkHkw"k.k Hkh Fks tks pksjh gks x,A izR;sd oLrq ns[kdj n'kZd gSjr esa iM+ tkrs gSaA dkys iM+ x, xsgw ] rk cs vkSj dk ls ds cjru] eqgjsa] okn~;] pkd ij cus fo'kky e`n HkkaM] vusd fyfi fpg~u lk{kj lH;rk ds izek.k gSaA dq, vkSj pkd ij cus cjruksa ds vfrfjDr lc dqN pkSdksj gS& cfLr;k ] dqaM] pkSiM+] BIisnkj eksgjsa] xksfV;k ] rkSyus ds ckV vkfnA lksus dh lqb;k laHkor% d'khnsdkjh ds dke vkrh gksxhA lcls izfln~/ nk<+hokys ujs'k dh 99 iz-la- m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq ewfrZ ftlds cnu ij vkd"kZd xqydkjhokyk nq'kkyk Hkh gS] dqN gkFkh nk r vkSj rk cs dh lqb;k Hkh feyh gSaA [kqnkbZ esa izkIr urZdh dh ewfrZ vius&vki esa ,d vn~forh; jpuk gSA izfln~/ bfrgldkjksa us bls lalkj dh rRdkyhu lH;rkvksa dh loZJs"B jpuk ekuk gS vkSj dgk gS fd blls mRre vkSj dqN gks gh ugha ldrkA 100 vad lh-ch-,l-bZ- izfrn'kZ iz'ui=k&2 fganh & osQfUnzd d{kk & ckjgoha le;% 3 ?kaVs iw.kk d & 100 funsZ'k % bl iz'u&i=k osQ pkj [kaM gS & ^d*] ^[k*] ^x*] ^?k*A lHkh iz'uksa dks ozQekuqlkj dhft,A iz-la- iz'u vad [kaM&d iz-1 fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft, & 1- eueksguh izd`fr dh tks xksn esa clk gSA lq[k LoxZ&lk tgk gS] og ns'k dkSu&lk gS\ ftlosQ pj.k fujarj jRus'k /ks jgk gSA ftldk eqoqQV fgeky;] og ns'k dkSu&lk gS\ 2- ufn;k tgk lq/k dh /kjk cgk jgh gSaA lhapk gqvk lyksuk] og ns'k dkSu&lk gS\ ftlosQ cM+s jlhys] iQy oaQn] ukt] esosA lc vax esa lts gSa] og ns'k dkSu&lk gS\ 3- ftlosQ lqxa/ okys] lqanj izlwu I;kjsA fnu&jkr g l jgs gSa] og ns'k dkSu&lk gS\ eSnku] fxfj] ouksa esa] gfj;kfy;k egdrhaA vkuane; tgk gS] og ns'k dkSu&lk gS\ 4- ftldh vuar ou ls /jrh Hkjh iM+h gSA lalkj dk f'kjksef.k] og ns'k dkSu&lk gS\ lc ls izFke txr esa tks lH; Fkk ;'kLohA txnh'k dk nqykjk] og ns'k dkSu&lk gS\ 101 (1x5) 5 iz-la- iz'u vad (d) eueksfguh izd`fr dh xksn esa dkSu&lk ns'k clk gqvk gS vkSj ogk dkSu&lk lq[k izkIr gksrk gS\ 1 ([k) Hkkjr dh ufn;ksa dh D;k fo'ks"krk gS\ 1 (x) 1 Hkkjr osQ iwQyksa dk Lo:i oSQlk gS\ (?k) txnh'k dk nqykjk ns'k Hkkjr lalkj dk f'kjksef.k oSQls gS\ 1 ( ) dkO;ka'k dk lkFkZd ,oa mi;qDr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A 1 iz-2 fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft, & gekjs vaxzsthn k nksLr ekusa ;k u ekusa eSa rks ;gh dgw xk fd xqYyh&M.Mk lc [ksyksa dk jktk gSA vc dHkh yM+dksa dks xqYyh&M.Mk [ksyrs ns[krk gw ] rks th yksV&iksV gks tkrk gS fd buds lkFk tkdj [ksyus yxw A u ykWu dh t:jr] u dksVZ dh] u usV dh] u Fkkih dhA ets ls fdlh isM+ dh ,d Vguh dkV yh] xqYyh cuk yh] vkSj nks vkneh Hkh vk x,_ rks [ksy 'kq: gks x;kA foyk;rh [ksyksa esa lcls cM+k ,sc gS fd muds lkeku eg xs gksrs gSaA tc rd de ls de ,d lSdM+k u [kPkZ dhft,] f[kykfM+;ksa esa 'kqekj ugh gks ldrkA ;g xqYyh&M.Mk gS fd fcuk gjZ&fiQVdjh ds pks[kk jax nsrk gS_ ij ge vaxzsth phT+kksa ds ihNs ,sls nhokus gks jgs gSa fd viuh lHkh phtksa ls v:fp gks xbZ gSA gekjs Ldwyksa esa gjsd yM+ds ls rhu&pkj :i, lykuk dsoy [ksyus dh iQhl yh tkrh gSA fdlh dks ;g ugha lw>rk fd Hkkjrh; [ksy f[kyk, _ tks fcuk nke&dkSM+h ds [ksys tkrs gSaA vaxzsth [ksy muds fy, gS] ftuds ikl /u gSA xjhc yM+dksa ds flj D;ksa ;g O;lu e<+rs gksA Bhd gS] xqYyh ls vk [k iQwV tkus dk Hk; jgrk gSA rks D;k f dsV ls flj iwQV tkus] frYyh iQV tkus] Vk x VwV tkus dk Hk; ugha jgrk\ vxj gekjs ekFks esa xqYyh dk nkx vkt rd cuk gqvk gS] rks gekjs dbZ nksLr ,sls Hkh gSa] tks Fkkih dks cSlk[kh ls cny cSBs A [kSj] ;g viuh&viuh :fp gSA eq>s xqYyh gh lc [ksyksa ls vPNh yxrh gS vkSj cpiu dh ehBh Le`fr;ksa esa xqYyh gh lcls ehBh gSA og izkr% dky ?kj ls fudy tkuk] og isM+ ij p<+dj Vgfu;k dkVuk vkSj xqYyh&M.Ms cukuk] og mRlkg] og yxu] og f[kykfM+;ksa ds te?kVs] og inuk vkSj inkuk] og yM+kbZ&>xM+s] og ljy LoHkko ftlesa Nwr&vNwr] vehj&xjhc dk fcydqy Hksn u jgrk Fkk] ftlesa vehjkuk pksapyksa dh] izn'kZu dh] vfHkeku dh xqatkb'k gh u Fkh] ;g mlh oDr Hkwysxk tc ?kjokys fcxM+ jgs gSa] firkth pkSds ij cSBs osx ls jksfV;ksa ij viuk ks/ mrkj jgs gSa] vEek dh nkSM+ dsoy }kj rd gS] ysfdu mudh fopkj/kjk esa esjk va/dkje; Hkfo"; VwVh gqbZ ukSdk dh rjg Mxexk jgk gS] vkSj eSa gw fd inkus esa eLr g w] u ugkus dh lqf/ gS] u [kkus dhA xqYyh gS rks tjk&lh_ ij mlesa nqfu;k&Hkj dh feBkb;ksa fd feBkl vkSj rek'kksa dk vkuan Hkjk gqvk gSA (d) xqYyh MaMk fdl rjg dk [ksy gS\ 1 ([k) xqYyh MaMk lkjs [ksyks dk jktk D;ksa gS\ 1 102 iz-la- iz'u (x) Hkkjrh; vkSj vaxzsth [ksyksa esa dSlk varj crk;k x;k gS\ vad 1 (?k) xqYyh MaMk dh ;kn vkSj fdu ckrksa ls tqM+h gS\ 1 (M-) Ldwy esa [ksy ds pquko ds ckjs esa D;k dgk tk jgk gS\ 1 (Pk) vdsys [ksyus vkSj lewg esa [ksyus esa D;k varj gksrk gS\ 2 (N) vkids cpiu ds [ksy dh D;k ;knsa gS\ 2 (t) xqYyh MaMk vkSj lkekftd lekurk esa D;k laca/ gS\ 2 (>) xn~;ka'k esa ls vFkok vuU; rk izR;; ls nks 'kCn cukb,A 1 (t) ^Mxexk* 'kCn dk okD; esa iz;ksx dhft,A 1 (V) foykse 'kCn fyf[k, & ^va/dkje;*] ^eLr*A 1 (B) xn~;ka'k dk mi;qDr 'kh"kZd fyf[k, A 1 [kaM&[k iz-3 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij fuca/ fyf[k, & 25 5 (d) vk/qfud Hkkjr dh i<+h fy[kh ukjhA ([k) euksjatu osQ vk/qfud lk/uA (x) foKkiu dyk osQ ykHkA (?k) gekjs R;ksgkj&gekjk xkSjo iz-4 fdlh nSfud lekpkj&i=k osQ iz/ku laiknd dks lqeu@xkSjo dh vksj ls i=k fyf[k,] ftlesa iqLrdksa osQ ewY;ksa esa fujarj gksus okyh o`n~f/ dks ysdj fpark izdV dh xbZ gksA 5 vFkok vius uxj osQ egkikSj dks i=k fy[kdj uxj esa fu;fer ,oa vi;kZIr ty&forj.k ls gksus okyh vlqfo/kvksa osQ izfr mudk ;ku vkd`"V dhft,A iz-5 (v) fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds laf{kIr m kj nhft, & (d) mYVk fijkfeM 'kSyh D;k gksrh gS\ 1 ([k) i=kdkfjrk dh Hkk"kk esa ^chV* fdls dgrs gSa\ 1 (x) 1 i=kdkfjrk dk ewy rRo D;k gS\ (?k) iQhpj ys[ku vkSj lekpkj esa D;k vUrj gS\ 103 1 iz-la- iz'u vad ( ) Ng ddkj dkSu ls gSa\ 1 (vk) fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij fjiksVZ rS;kj dhft, 5 (1) ^gesa >qXxhofl;ksa ds lkFk ,d dk;Z'kkyk esa Hkkx ysus ,oa mudh 'kkspuh; n'kk ns[kusa dk volj feyk*A bl ij ,d fjiksVZ rS;kj dhft,A (2) ^gj lky cPpksa dh gR;k vkSj vigj.k dh ?kVuk, c<+rh tk jgh gSa* vius fo|ky; dh if=kdk ds fy, 'kks/ ds mijkar ,d fjiksVZ rS;kj dhft,A iz-6 fdlh ,d fo"k; ij yxHkx 150 'kCnksa dk iQhpj vkys[k fyf[k, & 5 (d) ;qok ih<+h dh bPNk, A ([k) nwjn'kZu & dy vkSj vkt A [kaM&x iz-7 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d dkO;ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ m kj fyf[k, & 55 8 eSa fut mj osQ mn~xkj fy, fiQjrk gw ] eSa fut mj osQ migkj fy, fiQjrk gw ] gS ;g viw.kZ lalkj u eq>dks Hkkrk eSa LoIuksa dk lalkj fy, fiQjrk gw ! eSa tyk n; esa vfXu] ngk djrk gw ] lq[k&nq[k nksuksa esa eXu jgk djrk gw ] tx Hko&lkxj rjus dks uko cuk,] eSa Hko ekStksa ij eLr cgk djrk gw A (d) ;s iafDr;k fdl dfork ls yh xbZ gS vkSj blosQ dfo dkSu gSa\ 1 ([k) ^fut mj osQ mn~xkj o migkj* & ls dfo dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\Li"V dhft,A 2 (x) dfo dks lalkj vPNk D;ksa ugha yxrk gS\ 2 (?k) lalkj esa d"Vksa dks lgdj Hkh [kq'kh dk ekgkSy oSQls cuk;k tk ldrk gS\ 2 vFkok 104 iz-la- iz'u vad dfork ,d mM+ku gS fpfM+;k osQ cgkus dfork dh mM+ku Hkyk fpfM+;k D;k tkus ckgj Hkhrj bl ?kj] ml ?kj dfork osQ ia[k yxk mM+us osQ ekus fpfM+;k D;k tkus\ dfork ,d f[kyuk gS iwQyksa osQ cgkus dfork dk f[kyuk Hkyk iwQy D;k tkus! ckgj Hkhrj bl ?kj] ml ?kj fcuk eqj>k, egdus osQ ekus iwQy D;k tkus\ dfork ,d [ksy gS cPpksa osQ cgkus ckgj Hkhrj ;g ?kj] og ?kj lc ?kj ,d dj nsus osQ ekus cPpk gh tkusA (d) ;s iafDr;k fdl dfork ls yh xbZ gSa vkSj blosQ dfo dkSu gSa\ 1 ([k) bu dkO;iafDr;ksa esa ^mM+us* vkSj ^f[kyus* dk dfork ls D;k laca/ gks ldrk gS\ 2 (x) dfo ^dfork* vkSj ^cPps* dks lekukarj D;ksa ekuk gS\ (?k) dfork osQ lanHkZ esas ^fcuk eqj>k, egdus osQ ekus* D;k gksrs gSa\ iz-8 2 2 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d dkO;ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft, & (2x3) 6 fdlch] fdlku&oqQy] cfud] fHk[kkjh] HkkV] pkdj] piy uV] pksj] pkj psVdhA isVdks i<+r] xqu x<+r] p<+r fxfj] vVr xgu&xu vgu v[ksVdhAA m Qps&uhps dje] /je&v/je dfj] 105 iz-la- iz'u vad isV gh dks ipr] cspr csVk&csVdhA ^rqylh* cq>kb ,d jke ?kuL;ke gh rsa] vkfx cM+okfxrsa cM+h gS vkfx isVdhAA (d) bu dkO;iafDr;ksa dk Hkko&lkSan;Z Li"V dhft,A 2 ([k) isV dh vkx dks oSQls 'kk r fd;k tk ldrk gS\ 2 (x) ^isV dks i<+r] xqu x<+r] p<+r fxfj* & bl iafDr ls dfo dk D;k vfHkizk; gS\ 2 vFkok gjf"k jke HksaVsm guqekukA vfr d`rX; izHkq ije lqtkukAA rqjr cSn rc dhfUg mikbZA mfB cSBs yfNeu gj"kkbZAA n; ykb izHkq HksaVsm HkzkrkA gj"ks ldy Hkkyq dfi czkrkAA dfi iqfu cSn rgk igq pkokA tsfg fcf/ rcfga rkfg yb vkokAA ;g c`rkar nlkuu lqusmQA vfr fc"kkn iqfu iqfu flj /qusmQAA C;koqQy oqaQHkdju ifga vkokA fcfc/ tru dfj rkfg txkokAA tkxk fuflpj nsf[kv oSQlkA ekugq dkyq nsg /fj cSlkAA oqaQHkdju cw>k dgq HkkbZA dkgs ro eq[k jgs lq[kkbZAA dFkk dgh lc rsfga vfHkekuhA tsfg izdkj lhrk gfj vkuhAA rkr dfiUg lc fuflpj ekjsA egk egk tks/k la?kkjsAA nqeqZ[k lqjfjiq euqt vgkjhA HkV vfrdk; voaQiu HkkjhAA vij egksnj vkfnd chjkA ijs lej efg lc ju/hjkAA (d) dkO;ka'k dk Hkko lkSan;Z Li"V dhft,A ([k) bu iafDr;ksa osQ vk/kj ij guqeku dh fo'ks"krk, crkb,A (x) iz-9 jko.k us vius HkkbZ oaqQHkdj.k dks D;ksa txk;k\blls mlosQ ckjs esa D;k irk pyrk gS\ fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft,& (3+3) 6 (d) ^fd'kksj vkSj ;qok oxZ lekt dk ekxZn'kZd gSA* & ^irax* dfork osQ vk/kj ij Li"V dht,A ([k) ^oSQejs esa can vikfgt* 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk fl dhft,A 106 iz-la- iz'u (x) vad ^NksVk esjk [ksr* dfork esa ^dkxt+ dk ,d iUuk* vkSj ^[ksr* esa fdl vk/kj ij lekurk n'kkZ;h xbZ gS\ iz-10 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d x|ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft, & 8 firk dk ml ij vxk/ izse gksus ds dkj.k LoHkkor% bZ";kZyq vkSj laifRr dh j{kk esa lrdZ foekrk us muds ej.kkard jksx lekpkj rc Hkstk] tc og e`R;q dh lwpuk Hkh cu pqdk FkkA jksus&ihVus ds vi'kdqu ls cpus ds fy, lkl us Hkh mls dqN u crk;kA cgqr fnu ls uSgj ugha xbZ] lks tkdj ns[k vkos] ;gh dgdj vkSj iguk&m<+kdj lkl us mls fonk dj fn;kA bl vizR;kf'kr vuqxzg us mlds iSjksa esa tks ia[k yxk fn, Fks] os xk o dh lhek esa igq prs gh >M+ x,A ^gk; yNfeu vc vkbZ* dh vLi"V iqujko`fR;k vkSj Li"V lgkuqHkwfriw.kZ n`f"V;k mls ?kj rd Bsy ys xbZaA ij ogk u firk dk fpg~u 'ks"k Fkk] u foekrk ds O;ogkj esa f'k"Vkpkj dk ys'k FkkA nq[k ls f'kfFky vkSj vieku ls tyrh gqbZ og ml ?kj esa ikuh Hkh fcuk fi, myVs iSjksa llqjky ykSV iM+hA lkl dks [kjh&[kksVh lqukdj mlus foekrk ij vk;k gqvk ks/ 'kkar fd;k vkSj ifr ds ij xgus isaQd&isQad dj mlus firk ds fpj foNksg dh eeZO;Fkk O;Dr dhA (d) izLrqr xn~;ka'k fdl ikB ls fy;k x;k gS\ blds jpukdkj dkSu gS\ 1 ([k) HkfDru dks mlds firk dh chekjh dk lekpkj D;ksa ugha fn;k x;k\ 2 (x) yNfeu (HkfDru) dh lkl us mlls firk dh e`R;q dk lekpkj D;ksa fNik;k\ 2 (?k) firk ds ?kj igq pdj Hkh yNfeu fcuk ikuh fi, myVs iSjksa D;ksa ykSV xbZ\ 2 vFkok eSaus eu esa dgk] BhdA ckt+kj vkeaf=kr djrk gS fd vkvks eq>s ywVksA lc Hkwy tkvks] eq>s ns[kksA esjk :i vkSj fdlds fy, gS\ eSa rqEgkjs fy, gw \ eSa rqEgkjs fy, gw A ugha dqN pkgrs gks] rks Hkh ns[kus esa D;k gjt+ gSA vth vkvks HkhA bl vkea=k.k esa ;g [kwch gS fd vkxzg ugha gS] vkxzg frjLdkj txkrk gSA ysfdu ps ckt+kj dk vkea=k.k ewd gksrk gS vkSj mlls pkg txrh gSA pkg eryc vHkkoA pkSd ckt+kj esa [kM+s gksdj vkneh dks yxus yxrk gS fd mlds vius ikl dki+Qh ugha vkSj pkfg,] vkSj pkfg,A esjs ;gk fdruk ifjfer gS vkSj ;gk fdruk vrqfyr gS vksg! dksbZ vius dks u tkus rks ckT+kkj dk ;g pkSd mls dkeuk ls fody cuk NksM+sA fody D;ksa] ikxyA vlarks"k] r`".kk vkSj bZ";kZ ls ?kk;y dj euq"; dks lnk ds fy, ;g csdkj cuk Mky ldrk gSA (d) izLrqr xn~;ka'k ds ys[kd dkSu gSa\ bls fdl ikB ls fy;k x;k gS\ 1 ([k) xn~;ka'k ds vkjaHk esa dkSu] fdlls vkSj D;k dg jgk gS\ 2 107 iz-la- iz'u vad (x) pkg dk eryc vHkko D;ksa dgk x;k gS\ 2 (?k) ckt+kj ds pkSd ds ckjs esa D;k crk;k x;k gS\ 2 iz-11 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha pkj iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft, & (3x4) 12 (d) ^dkys es?kk ikuh ns* ikB osQ vk/kj ij ty vkSj o"kkZ osQ vHkko esa xk o dh n'kk dk o.kZu dhft,A ([k) ^<ksyd eas rks tSls igyoku dh tku clh FkhA* & ^igyoku dh <ksyd* ikB osQ vk/kj ij bls fl dhft,A (x) pkyhZ pSfIyu us n'kZdksa dh oxZ rFkk o.kZ&O;oLFkk dks oSQls rksM+k gS\& ^pkyhZ pSfIyu ;kuh ge lc* ikB osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A (?k) fl[k chch osQ izfr lfiQ;k osQ vkd"kZ.k dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\ ^ued* ikB osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A ( ) f'kjh"k r# osQ vo/wr :i osQ dkj.k ys[kd dks fdl egkRek dh ;kn vkrh gS vkSj D;ksa\ ^f'kjh"k osQ iwQy* ikB osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A iz-12 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft, & (2x3) 6 (d) ;'kks/j ckcw dk vius cPpksa osQ lkFk oSQlk O;ogkj Fkk\ ^flYoj oSfMax* dgkuh osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A ([k) fdl ?kVuk ls irk pyrk gS fd ys[kd dh ek mlosQ eu dh ihM+k le> jgh Fkh\ ^tw>* dgkuh osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A (x) ,su dh Mk;jh ls mldh fd'kksjkoLFkk osQ ckjs esa D;k irk pyrk gS\ ^Mk;jh osQ iUus* dgkuh osQ vk/kj ij fyf[k,A iz-13 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft,& (2+2) 4 (d) fla/q&lH;rk lk/u&laiUu Fkh] ij mlesa HkO;rk dk vkMacj ugha Fkk ^vrhr esa ncs ik o* ikB osQ vk/kj ij Li"V dhft,A ([k) ^flYoj oSfMax* dgkuh osQ ek ;e ls ys[kd us D;k lans'k nsus dk iz;kl fd;k gS\ (x) ys[kd dk ikB'kkyk esa fo'okl oSQls c<+k\ ^tw>* dgkuh osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A iz-14 fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d iz'u dk m kj nhft, & (d) ^vrhr esa ncs ik o* ikB osQ vk/kj ij 'kh"kZd dh lkFkZdrk fln~/ dhft,A 108 5 iz-la- iz'u ([k) ^Mk;jh osQ iUus* ikB osQ vk/kj ij fln~/ dhft, fd ,su izSaQd cgqr izfrHkk'kkyh rFkk ifjiDo Fkh\ 109 vad vad ;kstuk izfrn'kZ iz'ui=k&2 fganh & osQfUnzd d{kk & ckjgoha le;% 3 ?kaVs iz-la- iw.kk d & 100 m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad [kaM&d iz-1 (d) eueksfguh izd`fr dh xksn esa Hkkjr ns'k clk gqvk gS] ;gk Hkkjrokfl;ksa dks LoxZ osQ leku lq[k dh izkfIr gksrh gSA 1 ([k) Hkkjr dh ufn;ksa dh fo'ks"krk gS fd budk ty ve`re;h gSA vFkkZr~ Hkkkjr dh ufn;ksa esa ty osQ :i esa lq/k dh /kjk cgrh gSA 1 (x) Hkkjr osQ iwQy cgqr gh I;kjs gS lqaxf/r vkSj lqUnj gSa rFkk ;s fnu&jkr g lrs jgrs gSaA 1 (?k) txnh'k dk nqykjk ns'k Hkkjr lcls igys bl lalkj esa lH; gksus osQ dkj.k rFkk ;'kLoh cuus osQ dkj.k lalkj dk f'kjksef.k ns'k gSA 1 ( ) 'kh"kZd % eueksfguh izd`fr@izd`fr dh xksn esa clk Hkkjr ns'k@lalkj dk f'kjksef.k ns'kA iz-2 1 (d) xqYyh&MaMk ,d ljy [ksy gS ftlesa ,d MaMk] ,d xqYyh rFkk nks O;fDr;ksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA 1 ([k) xqYyh&MaMk fcuk fdlh ykxr ds [ksyus okyksa dks vR;f/d vkuan iznku djus okyk [ksy gSA blfy, og lkjs [ksyksa dk jktk gS\ 1 (x) 1 vaxzsth [ksyksa ds lkeku vR;f/d e gxsa gksrs gSa ijUrq Hkkjrh; [ksyksa dk lkeku cgqr lLrk gksrk gSA (?k) xqYyh&MaMs dh ;kn cpiu dh vU; ckrsa tSls isM+ ij p<+dj Vgfu;k dkVuk] xqYyh& MaMs cukuk] yM+kbZ&>xM+s vkfn ls tqM+h gqbZ gSA 1 ( ) Ldwy esa ,sls [ksyksa dk pquko bl izdkj djuk pkfg, fd muesa lHkh oxkZs ds Nk=k fgLlk ys ldsa A 1 (p) [ksyus esa nwljksa dks i<+kus dk vkuUn ugha vkrk A 2 (N) izR;sd Nk=k dh vyx ;knsa gksaxhA 2 (t) xqYyh&MaMk [ksyrs le; lekt esa izpfyr vlekurk, tSls vehjh&xjhch] Nwr&vNwr vkfn dk Hksn feV tkrk gSA 2 110 iz-la- m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad (>) Hkkjrh;rk] fofo/rk A 1 ( k) vR;f/d ldjs jkLrs ls xqT+kjrs gq, mlds dne Mxexkus yxsA 1 (V) izdk'keku] fpUrke; 1 (B) xqYyh&MaMk A 1 [kaM&[k iz-3 5 (d) Hkwfedk vkSj milagkj 2 ([k) fo"k; oLrq (de ls de rhu izeq[k fcUnqvksa ij foe'kZ) 2 (x) iz-4 fdlh ,d fo"k; ij fuca/ visf{kr gS & 1 Hkk"kk esa liQkbZ] lqanjrk ,oa lexz Hkko 5 (d) izkjaHk ,oa lekiu 2 ([k) izHkkoh izLrqfr 2 (x) iz-5 i=k&ys[ku fdlh ,d fo"k; ij visf{kr gS & 1 mi;qDr Hkk"kk (v) (d) mYVk fijkfeM 'kSyh lekpkjksa dk ,d ,slk <k pk gS] ftlesa vk/kj mQij vkSj 'kh"kZ uhps gksrk gSA mYVk fijkfeM&'kSyh esa igys baV ks] e ; esa cksMh rFkk var esa lekpkj gksrk gSA 1 ([k) i=kdkfjrk dh Hkk"kk esa ^chV* dk vFkZ gS & ys[ku o fjiksfV x dk fo'ks"k {ks=kA 1 (x) yksxksa dh ftKklk dh Hkkouk gh i=kdkfjrk dk ewy rRo gSA vFkkZr~ ftKklk dk iy&iy cyorh gksuk gh ewy rRo gSA 1 (?k) iQhpj ,d l`tukRed] lqO;ofLFkr rFkk vkRefu"B ys[ku gS ftldk m s'; ikBdksa dks tkudkjh nsus osQ lkFk euksjatu o f'kf{kr djkuk gksrk gSA tcfd lekpkj esa ikBdksa dks rkRdkfyd ?kVukozQe ls voxr djk;k tkrk gSA 1 ( ) Ng izdkj gSa & D;k] dkSu] dgk ] dc] D;ksa vkSj oSQlsA 1 (vk) (d) ?kVuk dk vk [kksa ns[kk o.kZu 2 ([k) fu"i{k fjiksVZ 2 (x) milagkj 1 111 iz-laiz-6 m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad iQhpj&ys[ku 5 (d) izkjaHk vkSj lekiu 2 ([k) izHkkoh izLrqfr 2 (x) 1 mi;qDr Hkk"kk [kaM&x iz-7 fdlh ,d x|ka'k ds iz'uksa ds mRrj nhft, (2x4) 8 (d) vkRe ifjp; & dfork gfjoa'kjk; cPpu & dfo 2 ([k) vius g`n; ds Hkkoksa] vuqHkwfr;ksa vkSj izse dh lkSxkrksa dks ysdj ?kwe jgk gw A 2 (x) 2 dfo ds vuqlkj lalkj viw.kZ gS] v/wjk gS vr% og lalkj ds lkFk ?kqyfey ugha ikrkA mlsa lalkj cgqr gh >wBk o cukoVh yxrk gSA mlds liuksa dh dlkSVh ij iwjk ugha mrjrk A (?k) lalkj ds d"Vksa dks lgrs gq, geas ;g ;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd jksdj lgsa ;k g ldj] d"V rks lgus gh gS fiQj D;ksa u g lrs gq, thou fcrk, A vFkok (d) dfo&Jh dq oj ukjk;.k dfork&dfork ds cgkus ([k) dfork ds laca/ esa mM+us dk vFkZ gS&dYiuk dh mM+ku vFkkZr~ lksp dh mM+ku] fopkjksa dh mM+ku gh dfork gSA ^f[kyus* 'kCn dks dfork ds vFkZ esa fodkl ls tksM+k tk,xkA dfork fopkjksa vkSj Hkkoksa dh ifjiDork dk uke gSA tc gekjs fopkj fodkl ikrs gS] Hkkoukvksa dk Tokj la;r gks tkrk gS] rc dfork jph tkrh gSA ;gh dfork eas fodkl dk vFkZ gSA (x) ftl izdkj cPps ds lius vlhe gSa] cPpksa ds [ksy dk dksbZ var ugha gS] cPps dh izfrHkk] cPps eas fNih laHkkouk dk dksbZ var ugha gSa_ oSls gh dfork dh dYiuk, vlhe gSa] dfork ds [ksy ;kfu dfork eas fd, tkus okys iz;ksx vlhe gSA dfork izd`fr] euq";] tho] futhZo] dky] bfrgkl] Hkkoh thou vusd fo"k;ksa ij fy[kh tk ldrh gS vFkkZr~ blds [ksy Hkh vlhe gSA dfork eas Hkkoksa vkSj jpukRedrk dk xq.k oSls gh tku iQw d nsrk gS] tSls cPps eas dHkh u Fkdus okyk] lnk dqN&u dqN djus okyk rRo fon~;eku gksrk gSA (?k) ,d iq"i f[kyrk gS] egdrk gS] viuh vksj yksxksa dk ;ku vkdf"kZr djrk gS] ysfdu ,d 112 2 iz-la- m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad fuf'pr le; ds ckn mldh vk;q lekIr gks tkrh gS] og eqj>k tkrk gSA dfork eas tks Hkko vkSj fopkj gSa] os lnk&loZnk ;Fkkor cus jgrs gSaA muds eqj>kus dh dksbZ le; lhek ugha gksrhA tSls ^iq"i dh vfHkyk"kk* uked dfork ipkl o"kZ iwoZ fy[kh xbZ Fkh] exj vkt Hkh og mlh Hkko dh O;atuk djrh gSA iz-8 fdlh ,d dkO;a'k ds m kj visf{kr gSa & 6 (d) bl lekt eas ftrus Hkh izdkj ds dke gSa] og lHkh isV dh vkx o'khHkwr gksdj fd, tkrs gSaA ^isV dh vkx* foosd u"V djus okyh gSA bZ'oj dh ik ds vfrfjDr dksbZ bl ij fu;a=k.k ugha ik ldrkA 2 ([k) isV dh vkx Hkxoku jke dh ik ds fcuk ugha cq> ldrh gSA vFkkZr~ jke dh ik gh og ty gS] ftlls bl vkx dk 'keu gks ldrk gSA 2 (x) 2 vFkkZr~ lHkh isV dk xq.k i<+dj dke djrs gSa] lHkh isV dh Hkw[k feVkus ds fy, dke djrs gSaA vFkok (d) jke HkDr guqeku dh cgknqjh o deZBrk dk o.kZu gS rFkk lkFk gh vgadkjh jko.k dh grk'kk o nq[k dk o.kZu fd;k gSA ([k) guqeku th dh ohjrk vkSj deZfu"Bk ,slh gS fd os nq[k esa O;kdqy ugha gksrs vkSj g"kZ esa drZO; ugha Hkwyrs] cSBdj jksus ds LFkku ij lathouh yk, vkSj dke gksrs gh oSn~; dks ;FkkLFkku igq pk;kA lR; ds i{k esa tks dqN Hkh gksrk gS] og vlR; ds fy, d"V dk dkj.k curk gSA jke dk g"kZ gh jko.k dk 'kksd gSA (x) iz-9 yacs le; ls lks, gq, HkkbZ dks jko.k vius nq[k vkSj vgadkj ls voxr djok jgk gSA blls Kkr gksrk gSA fd vgadkjh dks lnSo uhpk gh ns[kuk iM+rk gSA dksbZ nks m kj visf{kr gSa & (3x2) 6 (d) fd'kksj vkSj ;qok voLFkk* ,d ,slh voLFkk gSA ftleas {kerk vkSj bPNk'kfDr mi+Qku ij gksrh gSA ;s Lo;a viuk y{; fu/kZfjr djrs gSa vkSj mldks ikus dh gj laHko dksf'k'k djrs gSA budh uUgha vk [kksa eas nwj xxu dh pkb;ksa dks ikus ds lius gksrs gSaA MkW , ih ts vCnqy dyke dk dguk gS&^os cPpksa dh vk [kksa eas egk'kfDr Hkkjr dh uhao ns[krs gSa*A vr% gesa cPpksa ls lykg ysuh pkfg,] mudh bPNk ls] mudh {kerk ls ykHk mBkuk pkfg,A cPps gekjk Hkfo"; mTt~oy cukrs gSaA ns'k dh ckxMksj Hkh cPpksa ds gkFkksa esa (;qok oxZ) vk tk,] rks vusd leL;k, lekIr gks tk, xhA 113 3 iz-la- m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad ([k) izLrqr dfork dk 'kh"kZd vius&vki esa dfork ds lkjka'k dks lesVs gq, gSA 'kh"kZd i<+dj yxrk gS ekuks fdlh i'kq dks fiatjs esa can djds j[kk x;k gS vkSj n'kZd mls vkSj mldh xfrfof/;k ns[kdj euksjatu djrs jgs gSaA Bhd mlh Hkko ls ;gk ,d vikfgt dh fdlh Hkh Hkko vFkok ekuoh; laosnuk dk ;ku fd, fcuk mls ,d euksjatd dk;Z e dh Hkk fr izLrqr fd;k tk jgk gSA vr% ^dSejs esa can vikfgt* ,d lkFkZd 'kh"kZd gSA 3 (x) ^dkxt+ dk ,d iUuk* vkSj ^[ksr* nksuksa gh l`tu dh Hkwfe gSaA bu nksuksa ds fcuk dfork 3 vkSj f"k&nksuksa deZ ugha gks ldrsA iUuk dfork dh l`tu Hkwfe vkSj Hkkoksa&fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fDr dk vk/kj gSA dkxt+ ds cxSj 'kCnksa dk ys[ku gh laHko ugha gks ldrkA Bhd blh izdkj [ksr ds vHkko esa cht dk jksi.k Hkh laHko ugha] vr% vadqj.k vkSj ikS/s dk fodkl] iQy&iwQy vkfn Hkh ugha gks ldsaxsA tSls "kd fnu&jkr ,d djds iQly rS;kj djrk gS] mlh izdkj dfo dk deZ Hkh dksbZ vklku dke ugha] og Hkh "kd dh Hkk fr fnu&jkr ,d djds dkO; jpuk djrk gSA iz-10 (d) izLrqr xn~;ka'k ^HkfDru* ikB ls fy;k x;k gSA bls egknsoh oekZ th us fy[kk gSA ([k) HkfDru ds firk mls vxk/ izse djrs FksA blh dkj.k foekrk bZ";kZ djrh FkhA mls ;g Mj Fkk fd HkfDru vkbZ rks dgha mlds firk viuh laifRr mlds uke u dj nsaA blh Hk; vkSj n~os"k ds dkj.k foekrk us mls firk dh chekjh dh lwpuk ugha nhA (x) yNfeu dh lkl us lkspk fd firk dh ykM+yh yNfeu cgqr jksuk&/ksuk epk,xh] blls ?kj esa vi'kxqu dk c[ksM+k iSQysxkA blh >a>V ls cpus ds fy, mlus yNfeu dks firk dh e`R;q dh lwpuk ugha nhA (?k) yNfeu rks mRlkg ls Hkj dj firk ds ?kj vkbZ FkhA Lusgh firk ls feyus dh [kq'kh ls mldk eu iziqQfYyr FkkA ysfdu tSls gh mlus tkuk fd firk dh e`R;q Hkh gks pqdh vkSj mls lwfpr Hkh ugha fd;k x;k] vU;Fkk chekj firk ls fey rks ysrh_ foekrk dh lkjh pky le>rs gh nq[k ls f'kfFky vkSj vieku ls tyrh gqbZ yNfeu ikuh Hkh fcuk fi, gh ykSV xbZZA vFkok (d) izLrqr xn~;ka'k Jh tSusanz us fy[kk gSA bls ^ckt+kj n'kZu* ikB ls fy;k x;k gSA ([k) xn~;ka'k ds vkjaHk esa ckt+kj xzkgd ls dg jgk gS fd vkvks eq>s ywVksA lc Hkwy tkvks] eq>s ns[kksA esjk :i vkSj fdlds fy, gS\ eSa rqEgkjs fy, gw A (x) pkg dk vFkZ gS bPNk] tks ckt+kj ds ewd vkea=k.k ls gesa viuh vksj vkdf"kZr djrh gS vkSj ge Hkhrj eglwl djds lksprs gSa fd vkg! fdruk vf/d gS vkSj esjs ;gk fdruk de gSA blfy, pkg vFkkZr~ vHkkoA 114 iz-la- m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq (?k) vad ckt+kj dk pkSd gesa fody] ikxy dj ldrk gSA vlarks"k] r`".kk vkSj bZ";kZ ls ?kk;y euq"; dks lnk ds fy, csdkj dj nsrk gSA iz-11 dksbZ pkj m kj visf{kr gS & (d) xyh&eqgYyk] xk o&'kgj gj txg yksx xjeh ls Hkqu&Hkqu dj =kkfgeke&=kkfgeke dj jgs FksA tsB ekl Hkh viuk rki iQSykdj tk pqdk Fkk vkSj vc rks vk"kk<+ ds Hkh ianzg fnu chr pqds FksA dq, lw[kus yxs Fks] uyksa esa ikuh ugha vkrk FkkA [ksr dh ekVh lw[k&lw[k dj iRFkj gks xbZ FkhA iiM+h iM+ dj vc [ksrksa esa njkjsa iM+ xbZ FkhaA >qylk nsusokyh yw pyrh FkhA <ksj&<axj I;kl ls ej jgs Fks] ij I;kl cq>kus ds fy, ikuh ugha FkkA fu#ik; ls xzkeh.k iwtk ikB esa yxs FksA var esa banj lsuk Hkh fudy iM+h FkhA 3 ([k) yqVV ~ u flag tc tokuh ds tks'k esa vkdj pk n flag uked e ts gq, igyoku dks yydkj cSBk] rks lkjk tu lewg] jktk vkSj igyokuksa dk lewg vkfn dh ;g /kj.kk Fkh fd ;g dPpk fd'kksj ftlus dq'rh dHkh lh[kh ugha gS] igys nk o esa gh <sj gks tk,xkA yqV~Vu flag dh ulksa esa fctyh vkSj eu esa thr dk tT+ck mcky [kk jgk FkkA mls fdlh dh ijokg u FkhA gk ] <ksy dh Fkki esa mls ,d&,d nk o&isap dk ekxZn'kZu t:j fey jgk FkkA mlh Fkki dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, mlus ^'ksj ds cPps* dks [kwc /ks;k] mBk&mBk dj iVdk vkSj gjk fn;kA thr ds fy, lkjh nqfu;k fojks/ esa vkSj ek=k <ksy gh mlds lkFk FkkA vr% thrdj og lcls igys <ksy ds ikl nkSM+k] mls iz.kke fd;kA 3 (x) pkyhZ dh fi+QYesa cPps&cw<] s+ toku] o;Ldksa lHkh esa leku :i ls yksdfiz; gSA a ;g pSfIyu dk peRdkj gh gS fd mudh fi+QYeksa dks ikxy[kkus ds ejht+ksa] fody efLr"d yksxksa ls ysdj vkbaLVkbu tSls egku izfrHkkokys O;fDr rd ,d Lrj ij dgha vf/d lw{e jlkLokn ds lkFk ns[k ldrs gSaA blfy, ,slk dgk tkrk gS fd gj oxZ esa yksdfiz; bl dykdkj us fi+QYe dyk dks yksdrkaf=kd cuk;k vkSj n'kZdksa dh oxZ rFkk o.kZ O;oLFkk dks rksM+kA dgha&dgha rks HkkSxksfyd lhek] Hkk"kk vkfn ds ca/uksa dks Hkh ikj djus ds dkj.k bUgsa lkoZHkkSfed dykdkj dgk x;k gSA 3 (?k) tc lfi+Q;k us fl[k chch dks ns[kk] rks og gSjku jg xbZA chch dk ogh psgjk Fkk] tSlk lfi+Q;k dh ek dk FkkA fcydqy ogh dn] ogh Hkkjh 'kjhj] ogh NksVh&NksVh pednkj vk [ksa] ftuesa usdh] eqgCcr vkSj jgefnyh dh jks'kuh txexk jgh FkhA psgjk [kqyh fdrkc tSlk FkkA chch us oSlh gh li+Qsn eyey dk nqiV~Vk vks<+ j[kk Fkk] tSlk lfi+Q;k dh vEek eqgjZe esa vks<+k djrh Fkha] blhfy, lfi+Q;k chch dh rjiQ ckj&ckj cM+s I;kj ls ns[kus yxh mldh ek rks cjlksa igys ej pqdh Fkha] ij ;g dkSu\ mldh ek tSlh gS] bruh lekurk dSls gS\ ;gh lkspdj lfi+Q;k muds izfr vkdf"kZr gqbZA 3 ( ) f'kjh"k ds vo/wr :i ds dkj.k ys[kd gtkjh izlkn n~foosnh dks gekjs jk"V firk egkRek 3 115 iz-la- m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad xk /h dh ;kn vkrh gSA f'kjh"k r# vo/wr gS] D;ksafd og ckg~; ifjorZu&/wi] o"kkZ] vk /h] yw lc esa 'kkar cuk jgrk gS vkSj iqf"ir iYyfor gksrk jgrk gSA blh izdkj egkRek xk /h Hkh ekj&dkV] vfXunkg] ywV&ikV] [kwu&[kPpj ds coaMj ds chp fLFkj jg lds FksA bl lekurk ds dkj.k ys[kd dh xka/h th dh ;kn vk tkrh gS] ftuds O;fDrRo us lekt dks fl[kk;k fd vkRe cy] 'kkjhfjd cy ls dgha ij dh pht+ gSA vkRek dh 'kfDr gSA tSls f'kjh"k ok;qeaMy ls jl [khapdj bruk dksey] bruk dBksj gks ldk gS] oSls gh egkRek xk /h Hkh dBksj&dksey O;fDrRo okys FksA ;g o`{k vkSj og euq"; nksuksa gh vo/wr gSaA iz-12 dksbZ nks m kj visf{kr gSa & (d) ;'kks/j ckcw Mseks V s ckcw FksA os gjfxt+ ;g nqjkxzg ugha djuk pkgrs Fks fd cPps muds dgs dks iRFkj dh ydhj ekusaA vr% cPpksa dks viuh bPNk ls dke djus dh iwjh vkt+knh FkhA ;'kks/j ckcw rks ;g Hkh ekurs Fks fd vkt cPpksa dks muls dgha T+;knk Kku gSA exj ,Dlihfj,al dk dksbZ lClVhV~;wV ugha gksrkA vr% os fliZQ bruk Hkj pkgrs Fks fd cPps tks dqN Hkh djsa] muls iwN t+:j ysaA bl rjg ge ;g dg ldrs gSa fd os Lo;a pkgs ftrus iqjk.kiaFkh Fks] cPpksa dks Lora=k thou thus nsrs FksA 3 ([k) ys[kd i<+uk pkgrk Fkk vkSj mlds firk mls i<+kus ds ctk, mlls [ksr dk dke] i'kq pjkus dk dke djkuk pkgrs FksA firk us viuh bPNk dks ;ku esa j[kdj gh ys[kd dh i<+kbZ NqM+ok nh FkhA blh ckr ls ys[kd cgqr gh ijs'kku jgrk FkkA mldk eu fnu&jkr viuh i<+kbZ tkjh j[kus dh ;kstuk, cukrk jgrk FkkA blh ;kstuk ds vuqlkj ys[kd us viuh ek ls nRrk th jko ljdkj ds ?kj pydj mudh enn ls vius firk dks jkth djus dh ckr dghA ek us ys[kd dk lkFk nsus dh ckr dks rqjar Lohdkj dj fy;kA vius csVs dh i<+kbZ ds ckjs esa og nRrk th jko ls tkdj ckr Hkh djrh gS vkSj ifr ls bl ckr dks fNikus dk vkxzg Hkh djrh gSA blls Li"V gksrk gS fd og ys[kd ds eu+ dh ihM+k dks le>krh FkhA 3 (x) ,su dh Mk;jh fd'kksj eu dh bZekunkj vfHkO;fDr gSA blls irk yxrk gS fd fd'kksjksa dks viuh fpfV~B;ksa vkSj migkjksa ls vf/d yxko gksrk gSA os tks dqN Hkh djuk pkgrs gSa mls cM+s yksx udkjrs jgrs gSa] tSls ,su dk ds'k&foU;kl tks fiQYeh flrkjksa dh udy djds djds cuk;k tkrk FkkA bl voLFkk eas cM+ksa n~okjk ckr&ckr ij deh fudkyh tkrh gS ;k fd'kksjksa dks Vksdk tkrk gSA ;g ckr fd'kksjksa dks cgqr gh ukxokj xqt+jrh gSA fd'kksj cM+ksa dh vis{kk vf/d bZekunkjh ls thrs gSaA bUgsa thus ds fy, lqanj] LoLFk okrkoj.k pkfg,A fd'kksjkoLFkk esa ,su dh Hkkafr ge lHkh vis{kk r vf/d laosnu'khy gks tkrs gSaA 116 iz-la- m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq vad (d) fla/q&lH;rk ds 'kgj eksgutkssnM+ksa dh O;oLFkk] lk/u vkSj fu;kstu ds fo"k; esa [kwc ppkZ gqbZ gSA bl ckr ls lHkh izHkkfor gSa fd ogk dh vUu HkaMkj.k O;oLFkk] ty fudklh dh O;oLFkk vR;ar fodflr vkSj ifjiDo FkhA gj fuekZ.k cM+h cqn~f/ekuh ds lkFk fd;k x;k Fkk_ ;g lkspdj fd ;fn fla/q dk ty cLrh rd iSQy Hkh tk, rks de&ls&de uqdlku gksA bu lkjh O;oLFkkvksa ds chp bl lH;rk dh laiUurk dh ckr cgqr gh de gqbZ gSA oLrqr% buesa HkO;rk dk vkMacj gS gh ughaA O;kikfjd O;oLFkkvksa dh tkudkjh feyrh gS] exj lc dqN vko';drkvksa ls gh tqM+k gqvk gS] HkO;rk dk izn'kZu dgha ugha feyrkA laHkor% ogk dh fyfi i<+ yh tkus ds ckn bl fo"k; esa vf/d tkudkjh feysA 2 ([k) bl dgkuh esa ^ih<+h dk varjky* lcls ize[ q k gSA ;gh ewy laon s uk gS D;kaf s d dgkuh esa izR;sd dfBukbZ blfy, vk jgh gS fd ;'kks/j ckcw vius iqjkus laLdkjksa] fu;eksa o dk;nksa ls ca/s jguk pkgrs gSa vkSj mudk ifjokj] muds cPps orZeku esa th jgs gSa tks ,slk dqN xyr Hkh ugha gSA ;fn ;'kks/j ckcw FkksM+s&ls yphys LoHkko ds gks tkrs] rks mUgsa cgqr lq[k feyrk vkSj thou Hkh [kq'kh ls O;rhr djrsA 2 iz-13 dksbZ nks m kj visf{kr gSa & (x) tc ys[kd dks olar ikfVy ds lkFk nwljs yM+dksa ds loky tk pus dk dke feyk] rc mldh olar ls nksLrh gks xbZA vc ;s nksuksa ,d&nwljs dh lgk;rk ls d{kk ds vusd dke fuiVkus yxsA lHkh v ;kid ys[kd dks ^vkuank* dgdj cqykus yxsA ;g lacks/u Hkh mlds fy, cM+k egRRoiw.kZ FkkA ekuksa ikB'kkyk esa vkus ds dkj.k gh mls Lo;a dk uke lquus dks feykA ^vkuank* dh dksbZ igpku cuhA ,d rks olar dh nksLrh] nwljk v ;kidksa dk O;ogkj & bl dkj.k ys[kd dk viuh ikB'kkyk esa fo'okl c<+us yxkA iz-14- dksbZ ,d m kj visf{kr gS & 5 (d) ^vrhr esa ncs ik o* ys[kd ds os vuqHko gaS] tks mUgsa fla/q ?kkVh dh lH;rk ds vo'ks"kksa dks ns[krs le; gq, FksA bl ikB esa vrhr vFkkZr~ Hkwrdky esa cls lqanj lqfu;ksftr uxj esa izos'kdj ys[kd ogk dh ,d&,d pht+ ls viuk ifjp; c<+krk gS] ml lH;rk ds vrhr esa >k ddj ogk ds fuokfl;ksa vkSj f ;kdykiksa dks vuqHko djrk gSA ogk dh ,d&,d LFkwy pht+ ls eq[kkfrc gksrk gqvk ys[kd pfdr jg tkrk gSA os yksx dSls jgrs Fks\ ;g vuqeku vk'p;Ztud FkkA ogk dh lM+dsa] ukfy;k ] Lrwi] lHkkxkj] vUu HkaMkj] fo'kky Lukukxkj] dq, ] dqaM vkSj vuq ku x`g vkfn ds vfrfjDr edkuksa dh lqO;oLFkk ns[kdj ys[kd eglwl djrk gS fd tSls vc Hkh os yksx ogk gSaA mls lM+d ij tkrh gqbZ cSyxkM+h ls #u>qu dh ofu lqukbZ nsrh gSA fdlh [kaMgj esa izos'k djrs gq, mls vrhr 117 iz-la- m kj&ladsr @ ewY;&fcanq ds fuokfl;ksa dh mifLFkfr eglwl gksrh gSA jlksbZ ?kj dh f[kM+dh ls >k dus ij mls ogk id jgs Hkkstu dh xa/ Hkh vkrh gSA ;fn bu yksxksa dh lH;rk u"V u gqbZ gksrh rks ;s ik o izxfr ds iFk ij fujarj c<+ jgs gksrs vkSj vkt Hkkjrh; miegk}hi egk'kfDr cu pqdk gksrkA exj nqHkkZX; ls ;s izxfr dh vksj c<+ jgs lqfu;ksftr ik o vrhr esa gh ncdj jg x,A blfy, ^vrhr esa ncs ik o* 'kh"kZd iw.kZr% lkFkZd vkSj lVhd gSA ([k) ^,su izQSad dh izfrHkk vkSj /S;Z dk ifjp; gesa mldh Mk;jh ls feyrk gSA mlesa fd'kksjkoLFkk dk m[kM+kiu de vkSj lgt 'kkyhurk vf/d FkhA mldh voLFkk esa vU; dksbZ Hkh gksrk rks fopfyr ,oa cspSuh dk vkHkkl nsrkA ,su us vius LoHkko vkSj voLFkk ij fu;a=k.k ik fy;k FkkA og ,d ldkjkRed] ifjiDo vkSj lqy>h gqbZ lksp ds lkFk vkxs c<+ jgh FkhA mlesa deky dh lgu 'kfDr FkhA vusd ckrsa tks mls cqjh yxrh Fkha] mUgsa og 'kkyhu pqIih ds lkFk cM+ksa dk lEeku djus ds fy, lgu dj tkrh FkhA ihVj ds izfr vius varjax Hkkoksa dks Hkh og lgst dj dsoy Mk;jh esa O;Dr djrh FkhA viuh bu Hkkoukvksa dks og fd'kksjkoLFkk esa Hkh ftl ekufld Lrj ls lksprh Fkh og okLro esa ljkguh; gSA ifjiDo lksp dk gh ifj.kke Fkk fd og vius eu ds Hkko] mn~xkj] fopkj vkfn Mk;jh esa gh O;Dr djrh FkhA ;fn ,su esa ,slh l/h gqbZ ifjiDork u gksrh rks gesa ;qn~/ dky dh ,slh nnZ Hkjh nkLrku i<+us dks ugha fey ldrh FkhA 118 vad fganh (,sfPNd) dksM la- 002 ikB~; e d{kk& ckjgoha 2010 iz-la- iz'u (d) vifBr cks/ (xn~;ka'k vkSj dkO;ka'k cks/) vad (15$5) 20 ([k) jpukRed rFkk O;kogkfjd ys[ku 25 (x) varjk (Hkkx&2) % dkO;&Hkkx 20 xn~;&Hkkx 20 varjky (Hkkx&2) 15 vf/dre vad 100 (d) vifBr cks/ % (xn~;ka'k vkSj dkO;ka'k cks/) 20 1- xn~;ka'k cks/ % xn~;ka'k ij vk/kfjr cks/] iz;ksx] jpukarj.k] 'kh"kZd] vkfn ij y?kw kjkRed iz'u 15 2- dkO;ka'k cks/ % dkO;ka'k ij vk/kfjr ik p y?kw kjkRed iz'u 5 ([k) jpukRed rFkk O;kogkfjd ys[ku % l`tukRed ys[ku ls lacaf/r nks iz'u 25 3- fuca/ @ fodYi 10 4- dk;kZy;h&i=k @ fodYi 05 5- ^^vfHkO;fDr vkSj ek ;e** osQ vk/kj ij O;kogkfjd ys[ku ij nks iz'u (5$5) 10 ikB~; iqLrd (20$20) 40 dkO;&Hkkx % 20 6- lizlax O;k[;k (nks esa ls ,d) 8 7- dfork osQ dF; ij nks iz'u @ fodYi 8- dforkvksa osQ dkO;&lkSan;Z ij nks iz'u (3$3) @ fodYi (3$3) 119 6 6 iz-la- iz'u vad xn~;&Hkkx % 20 9- lizlax O;k[;k (nks esa ls ,d) 8 10- ikBksa dh fo"k;&oLrq ij rhu esa ls nks iz'u 11- fdlh ,d dfo@ys[kd dk lkfgfR;d ifjp; 6 iwjd iqLrd % 15 12- fo"k;oLrq ij vk/kfjr (pkj esa ls rhu y?kq kjkRed iz'u) 9 13- fo"k;oLrq ij vk/kfjr ,d fuca/kRed iz'u 6 (3$3) 6 fu/kZfjr iqLrosaQ vrjk] varjky (Hkkx&nks) nks % vfHkO;fDr vkSj ek ;e & ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk izdkf'krA ikB~;ozQe&2009 esa fof'k"V ifjorZu osQ-ek- f'k{kk cksMZ@'kS{kf.kd@ifji=k@2008 fnukad 22-05-2008] ifji=k la[;k&21@08 fVIi.kh % [kaM&[k O;kogkfjd ys[ku ij nks iz'uksa osQ izdkj fuEufyf[kr gSa % ,d fuca/kRed iz'u fodYi lfgr 5 ik p y?kq kjkRed iz'u 5 [kM&x (xn~; Hkkx) lizlax O;k[;k nksa esa ls ,d 6 dfo ifjp; ,oa ys[kd ifjp; esa fodYi fn;k tk,xkA 6 xn~;ikBksa ij vk/kfjr rhu esa ls nks fopkjkRed iz'u 8 120 iz'u i=k izk:i&1 fganh ,sfPNd d{kk& ckjgoha le; & 3 ?kaVs iz'uksa osQ izdkj vf/dre vad % 100 vifBr cks/ ys[ku vfr y?kqRrjkRed iz'u xn~;ka'k cks/ 14(7) fuca/kRed iz'u fo'ks"k fVIi.kh iBu] vocks/ o ys[ku dkS'ky xn~;ka'k cks/ 1(1) vfHkO;fDr vkSj dkO;ka'k cks/ 5(5) ek ;e 5(5) y?kqRrjkRed iz'u lkfgR; dforkvksa ds v/Zcks/ ij iz'u 6(2) dkO;ka'kksa dk dkO; lkSan;Z 6(2) iwjd iqLrd ds ikBksa dh fo"k; oLrq ij iz'u 9(3) i=k ys[ku 5(1) fuca/ ys[ku 10(1) vfHkO;fDr vkSj ek ;e 5(1) dkO;ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k 8(1) xn~;ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k 6(1) xn~;ka'k ikBksa dh fo"k; oLrq ij iz'u 8(2) dfo ys[ku thou ifjp; 6(1) iwjd iqLrd ds ikBksa dh fo"k;oLrq iz'u 6(1) uksV % iz'u la[;k dks"Bd ds Hkhrj vkSj vad dks"Bd ds ckgj gSA 121 vocks/ o ys[ku dkS'ky iBu] ys[ku] o vocks/u dkS'ky vocks/u o ys[ku dkS'ky vocks/u dkS'ky vocks/u dkS'ky vocks/u dkS'ky vocks/u dkS'ky vocks/u dkS'ky vocks/u dkS'ky vocks/u dkS'ky o ys[ku o ys[ku o ys[ku o ys[ku o ys[ku o ys[ku o ys[ku fganh ,sfPNd izfrn'kZ iz'u i=k&1 d{kk& ckjgoha le; & 3 ?kaVs iz-la- vf/dre vad % 100 vad [k.M ^d* 1- iz'u 20 fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks ;ku iwoZd i<+dj fn, x, iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,& tks lekt dks thou ns] mls futhZo oSQls ekuk tk ldrk gS\ rkykcksa esa] tylzksr esa thou ekuk x;k vkSj lekt us muosQ pkjksa vksj vius thou dks jpkA ftlosQ lkFk ftruk fudV dk laca/] ftruk Lusg] eu mlosQ mrus gh uke j[k ysrk gSA ns'k osQ vyx&vyx jkT;ksa esa] Hkk"kkvksa esa] cksfy;ksa esa rkykc osQ dbZ uke gSaA cksfy;ksa osQ dks'k esa] vusoQ O;kdj.k osQ xzaFkksa esa] i;kZ;okph 'kCnksa dh lwph esa rkykc osQ ukeksa dk ,d Hkjk&iwjk ifjokj ns[kus dks feyrk gSA fMaxy Hkk"kk osQ O;kdj.k dk ,d xzaFk ^gehj uke&ekyk* rkykcksa osQ i;kZ;okph uke rks fxurk gh gS] lkFk gh muosQ LoHkko dk Hkh o.kZu djrs gq,] rkykcksa dks /je lqHkko dgrk gSA lcdks rkykc ls tksM+dj ns[kus osQ fy, Hkh lekt esa oqQN ekU;rk, jgh gSaA vekol vkSj iwuks] bu nks fnuksa dks dkjt ;kuh vPNs vkSj og Hkh lkoZtfud dkeksa dk fnu ekuk x;k gSA bu nksuksa fnuksa esa futh dke ls gVus vkSj lkoZtfud dkeksa ls tqM+us dk fo/ku jgk gSA fdlku vekol vkSj iwuks dks vius [ksr esa dke ugha djrs FksA ml le; dk mi;ksx os vius {ks=k osQ rkykc vkfn dh ns[kjs[k o ejEer esa yxkrs FksA lekt esa Je Hkh iw th gS vkSj ml iw th dks futh fgr osQ lkFk lkoZtfud fgr esa Hkh yxkrs FksA Je osQ lkFk&lkFk iw th dk vyx ls izca/ fd;k tkrk jgk gSA bl iw th dh t:jr izk;% BaM osQ ckn] rkykc esa ikuh mrj tkus ij iM+rh gSA tc xjeh dk ekSle lkeus [kM+k gksrk gS vkSj ;gh lcls vPNk le; gS] rkykc dh fdlh cM+h VwV&iwQV ij ;ku nsus dkA o"kZ dh ckjg iwf.kZekvksa esa ls X;kjg iwf.kZekvksa dks Jenku osQ fy, j[kk tkrk jgk gS ij iwl ekl dh iwuks ij rkykc osQ fy, /ku ;k iSlk ,d=k fd, tkus dh ijaijk jgh gSA lkoZtfud rkykcksa esa rks lcdk Je vkSj iw th yxrh gh Fkh] fugk;r futh fdLe osQ rkykcksa esa Hkh lkoZtfud Li'kZ vko';d ekuk tkrk jgk gSA rkykc cuus osQ ckn ml bykosQ osQ lHkh lkoZtfud LFkyksa lss FkksM+h&FkksM+h feV~Vh ykdj rkykc esa Mkyus dk pyu vkt Hkh feyrk gSA rkykcksa esa izk.k gSA izk.k izfr"Bk dk mRlo cM+h /we/ke ls gksrk FkkA dgha&dgha rkykcksa dk iwjh fof/ osQ lkFk fookg Hkh gksrk FkkA NRrhlx<+ esa ;g izFkk vkt Hkh tkjh gSA fookg ls igys rkykc 122 15 iz-la- iz'u dk mi;ksx ugha gks ldrkA u rks mlls ikuh fudkysaxs vkSj u mls ikj djsaxsA fookg esa {ks=k osQ lHkh yksx] lkjk xk o iky ij meM+ vkrk gSA vklikl osQ eafnjksa ls feV~Vh ykbZ tkrh gS] xaxk ty vkrk gS vkSj blh osQ lkFk vU; ik p ;k lkr oqQ vksa ;k rkykcksa dk ty feykdj fookg iwjk gksrk gSA bu rkykcksa osQ nh?kZ thou dk ,d gh jgL; Fkk & eeRoA ;g esjk gS] gekjk gSA ,slh ekU;rk osQ ckn j[kj[kko tSls 'kCn NksVs yxus yxsaxsA ?kjesy ;kuh lc ?kjksa osQ esy ls rkykc dk dke gksrk FkkA lcdk esy rhFkZ gSA tks rhFkZ u tk losQ] os vius ;gk rkykc cuk dj gh iq.; ys ldrs gSaA rkykc cukus okyk iq.;kRek gS] egkRek gSA tks rkykc cpk,] mldh Hkh mruh gh ekU;rk ekuh xbZ gSA bl rjg rkykc ,d rhFkZ gSA ;gk esys yxrs gSaA vkSj bu esyksa esa tqVus okyk lekt rkykc dks viuh vk [kksa esa] eu esa clk ysrk gSA rkykc lekt osQ eu esa jgk gS vkSj dgha&dgha rks mlosQ ru esa HkhA cgqr ls ouoklh lekt xqnus esa rkykc] ckoM+h Hkh xqnokrs gSaA xqnuksa osQ fpg~uksa esa i'kq] i{kh] iQy vkfn osQ lkFk&lkFk lgfj;k lekt esa lhrk ckoM+h vkSj lk/kj.k ckoM+h osQ fpg~u Hkh izpfyr gSaA lgfj;k 'kcjh dks viuk iwoZt ekurs gSaA lhrkth ls fo'ks"k laca/ gSA blfy, lgfj;k viuh fiMafy;ksa ij lhrk ckoM+h cgqr pko ls xqnokrs gSaA ftlosQ eu esa] ru esa rkykc jgk gks] og rkykc dks osQoy ikuh osQ ,d xM~<s dh rjg ugha ns[k losQxkA mlosQ fy, rkykc ,d thoar ijaijk gS] ifjokj gS vkSj mlosQ dbZ laca/] laca/h gSaA rkykc dk yckyc Hkj tkuk Hkh ,d cM+k mRlo cu tkrk gSA lekt osQ fy, blls cM+k vkSj dkSulk izalx gksxk fd rkykc dh vijk py fudyrh gSA Hkqt (dPN) osQ lcls cMs+ rkykc gehjlj osQ ?kkV esa cuh gkFkh dh ,d ewfrZ vijk pyus dh lwpd gSA tc ty bl ewfrZ dks Nw ysrk rks iwjs 'kgj esa [kcj iSQy tkrh FkhA 'kgj rkykc osQ ?kkVksa ij vk tkrkA de ikuh dk bykdk bl ?kVuk dks ,d R;kSgkj esa cny nsrkA Hkqt osQ jktk ?kkV ij vkrs vkSj iwjs 'kgj dh mifLFkfr esa rkykc dh iwtk djrs vkSj iwjs Hkjs rkykc dk vk'khokZn ysdj ykSVrsA rkykc dk iwjk Hkj tkuk] fliZQ ,d ?kVuk ugha] vkuan gS] eaxy lwpd gS] mRlo gS] egksRlo gSA og iztk vkSj jktk dks ?kkV rd ys vkrk FkkA dksbZ Hkh rkykc vosQyk ugha gSA og Hkjs&iwjs ty ifjokj dk ,d lnL; gSA mlesa lcdk ikuh gS vkSj mldk ikuh lcesa gS & ,slh ekU;rk j[kus okyksa us ,d rkykc lpeqp ,slk gh cuk fn;k FkkA txUukFkiqjh osQ eafnj osQ ikl fcanqlkxj esa ns'k Hkj osQ gj ty lzksr dk ufn;ksa vkSj leqnzksa rd dk ikuh feyk gSA nwj&nwj ls] vyx&vyx fn'kkvksa ls iqjh vkus okys HkDr vius lkFk vius {ks=k dk FkksM+k lk ikuh ys vkrs gSa vkSj mls fcanqlkxj esa vfiZr dj nsrs gSaA ns'k dh ,drk dh ijh{kk dh bl ?kM+h esa fcanqlkxj jk"V h; ,drk dk lkxj dgyk ldrk gSA fcanqlkxj tqM+s Hkkjr dk izrhd gSA 123 vad iz-la- iz'u vad d) mi;qZDr xn~;ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd nhft,A 1 [k) vekoL;k vkSj iwf.kZek osQ laca/ esa yksxksa dh D;k ekU;rk gS\fdlku bu fnuksa esa D;k djrs gSa\ 2 x) rkykc dks rhFkZ D;ksa ekuk x;k gS\ 2 ?k) ru&eu osQ lkFk rkykc ls tqM+s O;fDr osQ fy, rkykc ikuh dk xM~<k ek=k D;ksa ugha gS\ 2 ) ^^rkykc dk iwjk Hkj tkuk fliZQ ,d ?kVuk ugha] egksRlo gSA** oSQls\ 2 p) ^^dksbZ Hkh rkykc vosQyk ugha gS** & bl dFku ij fVIi.kh dhft,A 2 ?k) ys[kd us fcanqlkxj dks jk"V h; ,drk dk izrhd D;ksa ekuk gS\ 2 t) rkykc osQ fookg dh fof/ fdl izdkj iwjh dh tkrh gS\bl fookg dk D;k eg o gS\ 2 2- 5 fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks ;kuiwoZd i<+dj fn, x, iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft,& papy ix nhif'k[kk osQ /j x`g] ex] ou esa vk;k olar! lqyxk iQkYxqu dk lwukiu lkSan;Z f'k[kkvksa esa vuar! lkSjHk dh 'khry Tokyk ls iSQyk mj&mj esa e/qj nkg vk;k olar] Hkj i`Foh ij LofxZd lqanjrk dk izokg! iYyo&iYyo esa uoy #f/j i=kksa esa ekaly jax f[kyk] vk;k uhyh&ihyh ykS ls iq"iksa osQ fpf=kr nhi tyk! v/jksa dh ykyh ls pqiosQ dksey xqykc osQ xky ytk vk;k] ia[kqfM+;ksa dks dkys ihys /Ccksa ls lgt ltk! 124 iz-la- iz'u vad dfy osQ iydksa esa feyu LoIu vfy osQ varj esa iz.k; xku ysdj vk;k] izseh olar vkoqQy tM+ psru Lusg&izk.k! dkyh dksfdy! lqyxk mj ls Loje;h osnuk dk vaxkj] vk;k olar] ?kksf"kr fnxar djrh] Hkj ikod dh iqdkj! d) bl dfork esa fdl rq dk o.kZu gS\;g dgk &dgk fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS\ 1 [k) ^lqyxk iQkxqu dk lwukiu* & vk'k; Li"V dhft,A 1 x) bl rq us iwQy&i kksa osQ Lo:i esa D;k&D;k ifjorZu yk fn;k gS\ 1 ?k) izseh osQ :i esa olar D;k dj jgk gS\ 1 ) bl dfork esa iz fr&fp=k.k dh dkSu&lh fo'ks"krk vkidks vkdf"kZr djrh gS\ 1 vFkok gs xzke&nsork! ueLdkj lksus&pk nh ls ugha fdUrq rqeus feV~Vh ls fd;k I;kj! gs xzke&nsork! ueLdkj! tu dksykgy ls nwj dgha ,dkdh fleVk&lk fuokl] jfo&'kf'k dk mruk ugha fd ftruk izk.kksa dk gksrk izdk'k] Je oSHko osQ cy ij djrs gks tM+ esa psru dk fodklA nkuksa&nkuksa ls iwQV jgs 125 iz-la- iz'u lkS&lkS nkuksa osQ gjs gkl] ;g gS u ilhus dh /kjk] ;g xaxk dh gS /oy /kj] gs xzke&nsork] ueLdkjA v/[kqys vax ftuesa osQoy] gSa dls gq, oqQN vfLFk&[kaM ftuesa n/hfp dh gM~Mh gS ;g otz banz dk gS izpaM! tks gS xfr'khy lHkh rq esa xehZ&o"kkZ gks ;k fd BaM tx dks nsrs gks iqjLdkj nsdj vius dks dfBu naM! >ksaiM+h >qdkdj rqe viuh ps djrs gks jkt&}kj! gs xzke&nsork! ueLdkj! rqe tu&eu osQ vf/uk;d gks rqe g lks fd iwQys&iQys ns'k vkvks] flagklu ij cSBks ;g jkT; rqEgkjk gS v'ks"k! moZjk Hkwfe osQ u;s [ksr osQ u;s /kU; ls lts os'k] rqe Hkw ij jgdj Hkwfe&Hkkj /kj.k djrs gks euqt&'ks"k viuh dfork ls vkt rqEgkjh foey vkjrh yw mrkj! gs xzke nsork! ueLdkj! 126 vad iz-la- iz'u vad d) dfo fdldks ueLdkj djrk gS vkSj D;ksa\ 1 [k) ;g xzke nsork D;k&D;k djrk gS\ 1 x) ^^;g xaxk dh gS /oy /kj]** dfo fdls xaxk dh /oy /kj dgrk gS vkSj D;ksa\ 1 ?k) dfo xzke nsork dks fdl :i esa] dgk fcBkuk pkgrk gS\ 1 ) ;g xzke nsork dkSu gS\ dfo mlosQ izfr eu esa D;k Hkko j[krk gS\ 1 [k.M [k 3- fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ks aesa ls fdlh ,d ij yxHkx 400 'kCnksa esa fuca/ fyf[k, d) 4- izxfr gS ns'k dh rHkh] tc lk{kj gksaxs ge lHkh x) 10 d{kk dk ,d vfoLej.kh; fnu [k) 25 fnYyh eSV ks % esjh eSV ks dYiuk dhft, fd vkius daI;wVj bathfu;j dk v ;;u iwjk dj fy;k gS vkSj foizks daiuh osQ funs'kd dks daI;wVj&bathfu;j osQ in osQ fy, vkosnu Hkstuk pkgrs gSaA viuk Loo` k rS;kj djrs gq, vkosnu i=k fyf[k,A 5 vFkok nwjn'kZu osQ izlkfjr dk;Z eksa dh leh{kk djrs gq, nwjn'kZu osQ funs'kd dks i=k fyf[k, vkSj vius lq>ko Hkh fyf[k,A 5- Vsyhfotu tu lapkj dk lcls yksdfiz; vkSj l'kDr lk/u gSA Vsyhfotu ij dksbZ Hkh lwpuk fdrus lksikuksa dks ikj dj n'kZdksa rd igq prh gS\ Li"V dhft,A 5 vFkok fo'ks"k ys[ku fdl 'kSyh esa fy[kk tkrk gS\ bl ys[ku esa fdu&fdu ckrksa ij vf/d ;ku nsus dh vko';drk gS\ 6- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ m kj ,d&nks okD;ksa esa nhft, & d) Hkkjr esa fu;fer viMsVsM lkbVksa osQ uke crkb,A [k) fo'ks"k fjiksVZ osQ dksbZ nks izdkj crkb,A x) Hkkjr esa lekpkj&i=kdkfjrk dk izkjaHk dc ,oa fdlls gqvk\ ?k) Hkkjr esa izFke Nkik[kkuk dc vkSj dgk [kqyk Fkk\ 127 5 iz-la- iz'u ) fdUgha nks lekpkj&i=kksa osQ uke crkb, ftuosQ osc laLdj.k baVjusV ij izkIr gSa\ [k.M x 7- vad fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft, % rksM+ks rksM+ks rksM+ks ;s iRFkj] ;s pV~Vkusa ;s >wBs ca/u VwVsa rks /jrh dks ge tkusa lqurs gSa feV~Vh esa jl gS ftlls mxrh nwc gS vius eu osQ eSnkuksa ij O;kih oSQlh c gS vk/s vk/s xkus rksM+ks rksM+ks rksM+ks ;s lj catj rksM+ks ;s pjrh ijrh rksM+ks lc [ksr cukdj NksM+ks feV~Vh esa jl gksxk gh tc og ikslsxh cht dks ge bldks D;k dj Mkysa bl vius eu dh [kht dks\ xksM+ks xksM+ks xksM+ks vFkok jk?kkS! ,d ckj fiQfj vkokSA , cj ckft fcyksfd vkius cgqjks cufga fl/kokSAA ts i; I;kb iksf[k dj&iadt okj okj pqpqdkjsA D;ksa thofga] esjs jke ykfMys! rs vc fuiV fclkjsAA Hkjr lkSxquh lkj djr gSa vfr fiz; tkfu frgkjsA rnfi fnufga fnu gksr >k ojs eugq dey fge ekjsAA lqugq ifFkd! tks jke feyfga cu dfg;ks ekrq lanslksA 128 55 8 iz-la- iz'u vad rqylh eksfga vkSj lcfgu rsa bUgdks cM+ks vanslksAA 8- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks osQ mRrj nhft,% (3$3) d) lR; dh igpku ge oSQls djsa\ ^lR;* dfork osQ lanHkZ esa Li"V dhft,A x) 9- ^nhi vosQyk* osQ izrhdkFkZ dks Li"V djrs gq, ;g crkb, fd mls dfo us LusgHkjk] xoZHkjk vkSj enekrk D;ksa dgk gS\ [k) 6 ^olar vk;k* dfork esa dfo dh fpark D;k gS\ bl dfork dk izfrik| Li"V dhft,A fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'kksa esa ls fdUgha nks dk dkO; lkSan;Z Li"V dhft, d) (3$3) 6 fi; lkSa dgsgq l nsljk] ,s Hk ojk ,s dkxA lks /fu fcjgsa tfj xbZ] rsfgd /qvk ge ykxA [k) gse oqQaHk ys m"kk losjs Hkjrh <qydkrh lq[k esjsA efnj ?krs jgrs tc txdj jtuh Hkj rkjkA x) Hkj x;k gS tgj ls lalkj tSls gkj [kkdj ns[krs gSa yksx yksxksa dks lgh ifjp; u ikdj] cq> xbZ gS ykS i`Fkk dh ty mBks fiQj lhapus dksA 10- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dh lizalx O;k[;k dhft, & oqQN fnuksa osQ ckn eSaus lquk fd 'ksj vfgalk vkSj lg&vfLrRookn dk cM+k tcjnLr leFkZd gS blfy, taxyh tkuojksa dk f'kdkj ugha djrkA eSa lkspus yxk] 'kk;n 'ksj osQ isV esa os lkjh phtsa gSa ftuosQ fy, yksx ogk tkrs gSa vkSj eSa Hkh ,d fnu 'ksj osQ ikl x;kA 'ksj vk [ksa can fd, iM+k Fkk vkSj mldk LVkiQ vkfiQl dk dke fuiVk jgk FkkA eSaus ogk iwNk] ^^D;k ;g lp gS fd 'ksj lkgc osQ isV osQ vanj&jkstxkj dk n rj gS\** vFkok 129 6 iz-la- iz'u vad ;fn lkfgR; lekt dk niZ.k gksrk rks lalkj dks cnyus dh ckr u mBrhA dfo dk dke ;FkkFkZ thou dks izfrfcafcr djuk gh gksrk rks og iztkifr dk ntkZ u ikrkA okLro esa iztkifr us tks lekt cuk;k gS] mlls vlarq"V gksdj u;k lekt cukuk dfo dk tUefl vf/dkj gSA ;wukuh fo}kuksa osQ ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS fd os dyk dks thou dh udy le>rs Fks vkSj viQykrwu us vlkj lalkj dks vly dh udy crkdj dyk dks udy dh udy dgk FkkA ysfdu vjLrw us V stsMh osQ fy, tc dgk Fkk fd mlesa euq"; tSls gSa mlls c<+dj fn[kk, tkrs gSa] rc udy&uohl dyk dk [kaMu gks x;k FkkA 11- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft, (4$4) d) ^dPpk fpV~Bk [kksyuk* eqgkojs dk vFkZ Li"V djrs gq, crkb, fd ^dPpk fpV~Bk* ikB esa ys[kd us vius thou dk dPpk fpV~Bk oSQls [kksyk gS\ [k) vkS|ksxhdj.k us i;kZoj.k dk ladV iSnk dj fn;k gS] D;ksa vkSj oSQls\^tgk dksbZ okilh ugha* & ikB osQ vk/kj ij Li"V dhft,A x) 8 ^oqQVt* ikB osQ vk/kj ij fl dhft, fd ^lq[k vkSj nq[k rks eu osQ fodYi gSaA* 12- osQnkjukFk flag vFkok rqylhnkl osQ thou vkSj jpukvksa dk laf{kIr ifjp; nsrs gq, mudh fdUgha nks izeq[k dkO;xr fo'ks"krkvksa dks Li"V dhft,A 6 vFkok jkeapnz 'kqDy vFkok iafMr panz/j 'kekZ xqysjh osQ thou vkSj jpukvksa dk laf{kIr ifjp; nsrs gq, mudh Hkk"kk 'kSyh dh nks izeq[k fo'ks"krk, crkb,A 13- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha rhu osQ mRrj ^vUrjky Hkkx&2* osQ vk/kj ij nhft,& (3$3$3) d) ^^pwYgk BaMk fd;k gksrk] rks nq'euksa dk dystk oSQls BaMk gksrk\** bl dFku osQ vk/kj ij lwjnkl dh eu%fLFkfr dk o.kZu dhft,Aa [k) :i flag igkM+ ij p<+uk lh[kus osQ ckotwn Hkh Hkwi flag osQ lkeus ckSuk oSQls iM+ x;k Fkk\ ^vkjksg.k* dgkuh osQ vk/kj ij Li"V dhft,A x) ^iwQy osQoy xa/ gh ugha nsrs nok Hkh nsrs gSa]* oSQls\ ^fcLdksgj dh ekVh* ikB osQ vk/kj ij Li"V dhft,A ?k) ^vc ekyok esa oSlk ikuh ugha fxjrk tSls fxjk djrk FkkA* mlosQ D;k dkj.k gSa\^viuk ekyok&[kk &mtkMw lH;rk esa* & ikB osQ vk/kj ij crkb,A 130 9 iz-la- iz'u vad 14- ^viuk ekyok & [kk & mtkM+w lH;rk esa* & ikB osQ ys[kd dks D;ksa yxrk gS fd ^ge 6 ftls fodkl dh vkS|ksfxd lH;rk dgrs gSa og mtkM+ dh vilH;rk gS\ vki D;k ekurs gSa\ vius fopkj fyf[k,A vFkok ^^lPps f[kykM+h dHkh jksrs ugha] ckth ij ckth gkjrs gSa] pksV ij pksV [kkrs gSa] /DosQ 6 ij /DosQ lgrs gsa ij eSnku esa MVs jgrs gSaA** ^lwjnkl dh >ksiM+h* ikB dk ;g dFku ikBdksa dks D;k lans'k nsrk gS\ vius 'kCnksa esa Li"V dhft,A 131 fganh ,sfPNd izfrn'kZ iz'u i=k&1 (vad ;kstuk) d{kk& ckjgoha le; & 3 ?kaVs vf/dre vad % 100 laHkkfor m kj laosQr@ ewY; fcUnq iz-la- vad [k.M ^d* 1- vifBr xn~;ka'k cks/ d) 'kh"kZd & ^lkoZtfud thou % rkykc* 1 vFkok ^rkykc vkSj gekjk thou* (vU; lekukFkhZ 'kh"kZd Hkh Lohdk;Z gks ldrk gS) [k) vekoL;k vkSj iwf.kZek dks lkoZtfud dkeksa dk fnu ekuk x;k gSA bu nksuksa fnuksa esa O;fDr vius 2 futh dkeksa ls gVdj lkoZtfud dkeksa ls Lo;a dks tksM+rk gSA bl fnu fdlku vius [ksrksa esa dke ugha djrs Fks os ml le; dk mi;ksx vius {ks=k osQ rkykcksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj ejEer esa djrs FksA x) rkykc dks rhFkZ blfy, ekuk x;k D;ksafd rkykc lc ?kjksa osQ feys&tqys iz;klksa ls curk Fkk] mldh ns[kHkky Hkh lHkh djrs FksA lcdk esy gh rhFkZ gSA tks rhFkZ tkus esa vleFkZ gks og rkykc dks cukus dk dk;Z vkSj ns[kHkky dk dk;Z djrk FkkA 2 ?k) rkykc lekt osQ ru&eu esa clk jgk gSA yksx mls rhFkZ osQ leku eg o nsdj mldh ns[kHkky 2 djrs jgs gSa vkSj cuoklh lekt rks 'kjhj ij rkykc vkSj ckoM+h xqnokrs jgs gSaA bl rjg rkykc ru&eu esa clk gqvk gSA blfy, og ,d ikuh dk xM~<k ek=k ugha] ,d thoar ijaijk gS] ,d ifjokj gSA ) rkykc dk iwjk Hkj tkuk egksRlo dh vuqHkwfr nsrk gSA ty thou dk i;kZ; gSA blfy, Hkkjr esa Hkjs&iwjs rkykc dh iwtk dh tkrh gSA iztk ls jktk rd ?kkV ij vkdj iwtk djrs gSa vkSj iwjs Hkjs rkykc dk vk'khokZn ysdj ?kj tkrs gSaA 2 p) dksbZ Hkh rkykc vosQyk ugha gksrk & vFkkZr~ ml rkykc osQ ty esa vusd ty lzksrksa dk ty 2 feyk gksrk gSA bl rjg og Hkjs&iwjs ty&ifjokj dk lnL; gksrk gSA lc yksxksa dk feyk&tqyk iz;kl mldh ns[kHkky djrk gSA bl rjg iwjs lekt dk laca/ rkykc ls gksrk gSA lcdk ty mlesa lek;k gksrk gS vkSj lekt osQ lc yksxksa dk laca/ ml rkykc ls gksrk gSA 132 iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq vad N) ^fcanqlkxj* jk"V h; ,drk dk izrhd gSA og Hkkjr osQ lHkh ty lzksrksa] ufn;ksa] leqnzksa dk feyk gqvk :i gSA nwj&nwj ls vkSj lHkh fn'kkvksa ls vkus okys HkDr vius lkFk vius {ks=k dk FkksM+k&Lkk ty ykrs gSa vkSj fcanqlkxj dks vfiZr djrs gSaA bl izdkj fcanqlkxj Hkkjr dh ,drk vkSj v[k.Mrk dk izrhd ekuk x;k gSA 2 t) rkykc osQ fookg dh fof/ dks iwjk djus osQ fy, igys /we/ke ls izk.k izfr"Bk dh tkrh gS] 2 vklikl osQ eafnjksa dh feV~Vh ykbZ tkrh gS] xaxk ty vkrk gS vkSj ik p&lkr oqQvksa ;k rkykcksa dk ty feykdj fookg iwjk gksrk gSA lHkh lkoZtfud LFkyksa dh feV~Vh vkSj ty dks rkykc esa Mkydj bldk laca/ lcosQ lkFk tksM+k tkrk gSA 2- fdlh ,d dkO;ka'k osQ mRrj visf{kr gSa & d) bl dfork esa oaalr rq dk o.kZu gSA oalr dk izHkko ?kj] ekxZ vkSj ou esa loZ=k fn[kkbZ ns 1 jgk gSA [k) iQkxqu ekg esa oalr osQ vkus ls n; esa dksey Hkkouk, lqyx mBrh gSa] fny eas 'khry&lh 1 Tokyk (fojks/kHkkl) tyrh gS ftldh tyu vPNh yxrh gSA x) olar rq us iwQy&i kksa esa vusd ifjorZu yk fn, gSaA i kksa esa ubZ ykfyek fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] iwQyksa 1 esa ihyh&uhyh ykS dh nhfIr fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] xqykc dh ykyh gksBksa dh ykyh lh fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] iwQyksa dh ia[kqfM+;k rjg&rjg dh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ?k) oalr izseh osQ :i esa dfy;ksa dh vk [kksa esa feyu osQ LoIu (vkdka{kk) txkrk gSA muosQ n;ksa 1 esa izseh&xhr dh xquxqukgV mRiUu djrk gSA ) blesa iz fr dk m hiu :i cgqr euksgkjh gSA olar rq esa iz fr gekjs eu dh dksey Hkkoukvksa 1 dks tkx`r djrh gS rFkk izsee; okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k djrh tku iM+rh gSA vFkok d) dfo xzke nsork dks ueLdkj dj jgk gS D;ksafd og /u nkSyr osQ LFkku ij bl /jrh dh 1 feV~Vh dks I;kj djrk gSA og 'kksj&'kjkcs ls nwj ,dkar okrkoj.k esa jgrk gSA [k) og xzke nsork vius izk.kksa ls lalkj esa izdk'k djrk gS] og tM+ esa psrurk dk lapkj djrk gS] 1 og ,d&,d nkus ls lkS&lkS nkus mxkrk gS] og [ksrksa esa ifjJe dj viuk ilhuk cgkrk gS\ x) fdlku osQ ilhus dh /kjk dks xaxk dh /oy /kj dgk x;k gS D;ksafd fdlku esgur djosQ [ksrksa esa iQlysa mxkrs gSa] tM+ esa psrurk dk lapkj djrs gSaA buosQ }kjk mRiUu vUu ls lcdk iks"k.k gksrk gSA 133 1 iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq vad ?k) dfo xzke nsork dks tu&eu dk vf/uk;d ekurk gS] og mls ns'k osQ flagklu ij fcBkrk 1 gSA ogh bl ns'k dk vlyh 'kkld gaS D;ksafd mUgha ds ifjJe ls mxk, vUu ls iztk dk ikyu&iks"k.k gksrk gSA ;s mitk [ksr mlh osQ lkezkT; dk fgLlk gaSA ) ;g xzke nsork fdlku gSA dfo mlosQ izfr vknj&lEeku dk Hkko j[krk gSA dfo mldh vkjrh 1 mrkjuk pkgrk gS vkSj mls ueLdkj djrk gSA [k.M [k 3- fdlh ,d fo"k; ij 400 'kCnksa esa fuca/ visf{kr gSA 10 Hkwfedk 1 fo"k; oLrq dk lqlEc izfriknu 5 milagkj 1 Hkk"kk 'kq rk vkSj vfHkO;fDr 'kSyh 3 d) d{kk dk ,d vfoLej.kh; fnu fo|ky; & fo|k dk eafnj] vusd fo|ky;ksa esa lcls izfrf"Br fo|ky;] fo|ky;h f'k{kk dk O;fDrRo fuekZ.k esa eg o esjh d{kk & d{kk dh cukoV] miyC/ lqfo/kvksa dk o.kZu] fo|ky; fujh{k.k dk fnu] mldh fo'ks"k rS;kfj;k ] f'k{kk funs'kd vkSj f'k{kk vf/dkjh dk d{kk esa izos'k] muosQ }kjk d{kk dh xfrfof/;ksa dk C;kSjk ysuk] m kj iqfLrdkvksa vkSj vH;kl iqfLrdkvksa dh tk p vkfn djuk] ckrphr osQ nkSjku eq>s d{kk dk fof'k"V fo|kFkhZ ?kksf"kr djuk --bl izdkj vusd facanqvksa ij fuca/ dk foLrkj gksxk] ;g foLrkj@o.kZu izR;sd fo|kFkhZ dk fHkUu gksxkA izR;sd fo|kFkhZ dh ekSfyd vfHkO;fDr dks Lohdkj fd;k tk,A [k) izxfr gS ns'k dh rHkh] tc lk{kj gksaxs ge lHkh ( i) Hkwfedk & ^^pkjksa vksj iSQyk] fuj{kjrk dk va/dkj gSA lc NksM+dj djuk vc] lk{kjrk dk izpkj gSAA** (ii) jk"V osQ ukxfjdksa dk d kZO; --- (iii) f'k{kk lcdk vf/dkj ---(iv) lk{kjrk ,d ojnku---- 134 iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq (v) vad fuj{kjrk ,d vfHk'kki ---- (vi) lk{kjrk vfHk;ku ---- loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku (vii) milagkj ^^lk{kjrk osQ vfHk;ku dks] xyh&xyh igq pkuk gSA vius ns'k dk uke fo'o esa] loksZPp Lrj ij fy[kokuk gSA** x) fnYyh eSV ks % esjh eSV ks ( i) Hkwfedk --- mUufr osQ u, lk/u ---- (ii) eSV ks ;kstuk dk vkjaHk & 1995 esa osQUnz ljdkj vkSj fnYyh&ljdkj us la;qDr :i ls Mh,e-vkj-lh- dk iathdj.k djk;kA 1996 esa 62-5 fd-eh- dh yackbZ okyh ;kstuk dks Loh frA 24 fnlacj 2002 dks igyh eSV ks dk mn~?kkVuA (iii) fofHkUu pj.k--(iv) izeq[k fo'ks"krk, ---(v) lqj{kk osQ izca/ ---- (vi) vko';d funsZ'k & ukxfjdksa dks lqfo/k (vii) milagkj 4- i=k&ys[ku i=k dk izk:i & vkSipkfjdrk, 2 fo"k; oLrq dk izfriknu 2 Hkk"kk dh 'kq rk 1 fnukad lsok esa funs' Z kd foizks izk- fyfeVsM U;w fyad jksM+ va/sjh] eqacbZ&400053 fo"k; & daI;wVj bathfu;j in osQ fy, vkosnu 135 iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq egksn;] vkt 25 ekpZ 2008 dks uoHkkjr VkbEl] fnYyh osQ izkr% laLdj.k esa izdkf'kr foKkiu ls Kkr gqvk gS fd vkidh daiuh dks daI;wVj bathfu;j dh vko';drk gSA eSa bl in osQ fy, viuk vkosnu izLrqr djrk gw A esjk Loo` k bl vkosnu osQ lkFk layXu gSA bldk voyksdu djus ij vki ik, xs fd eSa bl in osQ fy, iwjh rjg mi;qDr mEehnokj gw A eSa foKkiu esa vkiosQ }kjk of.kZr lHkh ;ksX;rkvksa vkSj vgZrkvksa dks iwjk djrk gw A laf{kIr fooj.k bl izdkj gS & d) eSa foKku dk Nk=k jgk gw --- [k) ---- x) ---- ?k) ----- vuqjks/ gS fd mi;qZDr rF;ksa dks ;ku esa j[krs gq, esjs vkosnu ij ldkjkRed :i ls fopkj djsaxs vkSj eq>s daI;wVj bathfu;j osQ in ij fu;qDr djsaxsA l/U;okn Hkonh; ujsUnz (ujsUnz oqQekj) Loo` k uke firk dk uke ekrk dk uke tUe frfFk orZeku irk % % % % % ujsUnz oqQekj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 136 vad iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq LFkk;h irk ----------VsyhiQksu u----------eksckby u----------bZ esy ----------'kSf{kd ;ksX;rk, ----------- vad % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -l- ijh{kk@fMxzh o"kZ cksM@ Z fo-fo|ky; fo"k; Js.kh 1 _________________________ 2 _________________________ 3 _________________________ izfr'kr vU; lcaf/r ;ksX;rk, 1 _________________________ 2 _________________________ 3 _________________________ miyfC/;k 1 _________________________ 2 _________________________ 3 _________________________ dk;sZrj xfrfof/;k vkSj vfHk#fp;k 1- _________________________ 2 _________________________ ,sls lEekfur O;fDr;ksa dk fooj.k tks mEehnokj osQ O;fDrRo vkSj miyfC/;ksa ls ifjfpr gksa 1 _________________________ 2 _________________________ gLrk{kj _____________________ frfFk _____________________ 137 iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq vad LFkku _____________________ vFkok fnukad _____________________ lsok esa _____________________ funs'kd nwjn'kZu osQUnz dkWijfudl ekxZ ubZ fnYyh fo"k;% nwjn'kZu osQ dk;Z eksa dh leh{kk osQ laca/ esa egksn; vktdy izlkfjr gksus okys dk;Z eksa ----------------(vius fo'ks"k lq>ko) ----------l/U;okn Hkonh; ujsUnz (ujsUnz oqQekj) (i=k esa fo|kFkhZ vius&vius fopkjksa vkSj lq>koksa dks fy[ksaxsA lcosQ Lora=k vkSj ekSfyd fopkjksa dks Lohdkj fd;k tk,A) lHkh izk:i&vkSpkfjdrkvksa vkSj fo"k; laca/h vko';d fopkjksa osQ izfriknu ij fo|kFkhZ dks iwjs vad fn, tk, A 5- Vsyhfotu tulapkj dk lcls yksdfiz; vkSj l'kDr ek ;e gSA blesa 'kCn ofu osQ 5 lkFk&lkFk tc n`'; dk Hkh lekos'k gks tkrk gS rks lwpuk vkSj Hkh fo'oluh; gks tkrh gSA nwjn'kZu n`';&JO; ek ;e gSA nwjn'kZu ij lwpuk fuEufyf[kr lksikuksa dks ikj djosQ n'kZdksa rd igq prh gS & ( i) yS'k ;k czsfdax U;wt (ii) M kbZ ,adj (iii) iQksu&bu 138 iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq vad (iv) ,adj fotqvy (v) ,adj ckbV (vi) ykbo (vii) ,adj iSosQt (mi;qZDr lksikuksa dks (izR;sd dks) 2-3 okD;ksa esa Li"V fd;k tkuk visf{kr gS) m kj esa izeq[k ikap fcanqvksa osQ Li"Vhdj.k ij iwjs ik p vad fn, tk, A vFkok fo'ks"k ys[ku dh 'kSyh fuf'pr ugha gksrhA chV ls lcaf/r lekpkj esa ^myVk fijkfeM 'kSyh* dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA lekpkj iQhpj esa dFkkRed 'kSyh dks viuk;k tkrk gSA ys[k ;k fVIi.kh dk vkjaHk iQhpj dh rjg gksus ls dFkkRed 'kSyh dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gS] D;ksafd mldk vkjaHk fdlh ?kVuk ls djosQ iqjkus lanHkks dks uohu lanHkks ls tksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA ?kVuk e osQ vuqlkj 'kSyh dks viukuk mi;qDr gSA eg kk bl ckr dh gS fd fdlh fo'ks"k fo"k; ij fy[kk ys[k lcls vyx gksA og bruk vf/d izHkko'kkyh gksuk pkfg, fd ikBd mls i<+s fcuk u jg losQ mldh Nki ikBd osQ eu efLr"d ij cuh jguh pkfg,A ml {ks=k fo'ks"k dh fo'ks"k 'kCnkoyh dk Kku Hkh i=kdkj dks gksuk pkfg,A 6- d- Hkkjr esa fu;fer viMsV lkbVsa gSa & 1 ,u Mh Vh oh VkbEl vkWiQ bafM;k (vkSj Hkh lkbVsa gSA) [k- fo'ks"k fjiksVZ osQ izdkj ( i) [kksth fjiksVZ (ii) buMsIFk fjiksVZ 1 (iii) fo'ys"k.kkRed fjiksVZ (iv) fooj.kkRed fjiksVZ (dksbZ nks izdkj crkuk visf{kr gS) x- Hkkjr esa lekpkj i=kdkfjrk dk vkjaHk lu~ 1780 esa tsEl vkWxLV fgdh osQ ^caxky xt+V* ls gqvkA 1 ?k- Hkkjr esa izFke Nkik[kkuk lu~ 1556 esa xksok esa [kqyk FkkA 1 *nSfud tkxj.k* vkSj ^vej mtkyk* lekpkj&i=kksa osQ osc laLdj.k baVjusV ij izkIr gSaA 1 139 iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq vad [k.M x 7- dkO;ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k 8 lanHkZ 1 & dfork vkSj dfo dk uke dfork dk izlax 1 O;k[;k & O;k[;s; fcanqvksa dk Li"Vhdj.k 4 fo'ks"k dkO; iafDr;ksa dh f'kYixr fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k 1 & Hkk"kk 'kq rk vkSj vfHkO;fDr 'kSyh 1 rksM+ks rksM+ks ---- xksM+ks xksM+ks xksM+ksA izlax & izLrqr iafDr;k j?kqohj lgk; }kjk jfpr dfork ^rksM+ks* ls yh xbZ gSA dfo uo fuekZ.k rFkk fodkl osQ fy, iRFkjksa pV~Vkuksa rFkk >wBs ca/uksa vkSj :f<+;ksa dks rksM+us osQ fy, izsj.kk nsrk gSA l`tu esa ck/d rRoksa dks u"V dj Hkko l`tu djus osQ fy, izsj.kk ns jgk gSA O;k[;k fcanq uo&fuekZ.k vkSj fodkl osQ fy, iRFkj] pV~Vkuksa] >wBs ca/uksa vkSj :f<+;ksa dks rksM+dj /jrh dks lery cukus eu :ih /jrh osQ jl dks igpkuus dk vk ku fd;k x;k gSA eu :ih eSnkuksa dh c&[kkst dks feVkdj uo&fuekZ.k :ih uo iQlyksa dks iSnk djuk gksxkA mlh izdkj l`tukRed lkfgR; dh jpuk osQ fy, Hkh eu dks ijaijkxr :f<+;ksa osQ ca/uksa ls eqDr djuk gksxkA vuqitk catj&ijrh /jrh dks [kksn dj [ksrh ;ksX; cukuk gksxkA eu dh [kkst vkSj c dks u"V djosQ eu dh jl& tkZ dks l`tukRed dk;ks dh vksj mUeq[k djuk gksxkA (mi;qDr O;k[;k & fcnqavksa dk Li"Vhdj.k visf{kr gS) fo'ks"k & 1- ijaijkxr :f<+;ksa dks u"V dj uo fuekZ.k dk vk ku 2- iqu#fDr izdk'k] :id vkSj vuqizkl vyadkj 3- mn~cks/ukRed 'kSyh] eqDr Nan dh jpuk 4- Hkk"kk lgt] ljy vkSj Hkkoksa osQ vuq:i vFkok jk?kkS ,d ckj fiQfj --------------- bUgdks cM+ks vanslksAA izlax & izLrqr in jke HkDr dfo rqylhnkl }kjk jfpr ^xhrkoyh* osQ v;ks ;kdk.M ls vorfjr 140 iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq vad gSA bl in esa ^jke ou xeu* ls larIr jke ds jFk osQ ?kksM+ksa dh n'kk dh o.kZu djrs gq, ekrk dkS'kY;k jke dks v;ks ;k vkus osQ fy, dgrh gSaA O;k[;k & fcUnq & gs jk?ko! rqe ,d ckj ou ls vo'; ykSV vkvks vkSj vius Js"B ?kksM+ksa dks ns[kdj fiQj ls ou pys tkukA ftUgsa rqeus nw/ fiykdj vius dj&deyksa ls ckj&ckj iqpdkjk&nqykjk FkkA bu ?kksM+ksa dks rqe ,dne Hkqyk nksxs rks ;s thfor oSQls jgsaxs\ bUgsa rqEgkjs cgqr fiz; ?kksM+s tkudj] Hkjr budh lkS xquh ns[kHkky djrs gSa fiQj Hkh ;s rqEgkjs fo;ksx esa fnu&izfrfnu bl izdkj nqcZy gksrs tk jgs gSa tSls dey dks ikys us ekj fn;k gksA fdlh ifFkd dks lacksf/r djrs gq, ekrk dkS'kY;k dgrh gS fd gs ifFkd! lquks ;fn rqEgsa jke ou esa dgha feysa rks mUgsa dguk fd ekrk dkS'kY;k dks lcls vf/d mudh fpark yxh gqbZ gSA (mi;qZDr O;k[;k & fcUnqvksa dk Li"Vhdj.k visf{kr gS) fo'ks"k 12- iqu#fDr izdk'k] vuqizkl] :id vkSj mRizs{kk vyadkj 3- fo;ksx k`axkj jl 4- czt Hkk"kk 5- in Nan 68- jke osQ fo;ksx esa uj&ukjh vkSj i'kq i{kh lc O;fDr gSaA LojeS=kh osQ dkj.k xs;rk dk xq.k fdUgha nks iz'uksa osQ mRrj visf{kr gS & (3$3) (izR;sd m kj esa rhu fcanqvksa dk mYys[k visf{kr gS) d) dfo us ^nhi vosQyk* dks ml vfLerk dk izrhd ekuk gS ftlesa y?kqrk esa Hkh ij mBus dh xoZHkjh O;koqQyrk gSA mlesa izse :ih rsy Hkjk gSA ;g vosQyk gksrs gq, Hkh ,d vkyksd LraHk osQ leku gS tks lekt dk dY;k.k djsxk vkSj vius enekrs xoZ osQ dkj.k lcls vyx fn[kkbZ nsxkA [k) lR; dh igpku osQ fy, dfo us ;g laosQr fn;k gS fd lR; dksbZ ckgjh oLrq ugha gS] ;g rks vareZu dh ,d 'kfDr gSA bls igpkuus osQ fy, gesa ;qf/f"Bj tSlk ladYi ysuk gksxk rHkh ge lR; dks igpku ldrs gSaA lR; gekjh vkRek esa dHkh&dHkh nedrk gqvk vuqHko gksrk gS ftldk izdk'k gekjs vareZu esa lekdj ,d lkfRod vuqHkwfr nsrk gSA x) vkt euq"; dk ukrk iz fr ls VwV jgk gS] ;gh dfo dh eq[; fpark gSA mls rq ifjorZu dk Kku izk frd ifjorZuksa dks ns[kdj eglwl djosQ ugha vfirq oSQysaMj dks ns[kdj gksrk gSA mls oalr&olar iapeh dk vkxeu iz fr osQ lkfUu ; esa jgdj i kksa dk >M+uk] ubZ dksiyksa dk iwQVuk] 141 6 iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq vad lqaxf/r ean lehj dk cguk] <kd osQ taxyksa dk ngduka] dks;yksa dk oqQgqduk vkfn dks ns[kdj ugha gksrk] og oSQysaMj ns[kdj tkurk gS fd vkt olar iapeh gSA 9- dkO; lkSan;Z 3$3 6 (fdUgha nks dkO;ka'kksa dk dkO;&lkSan;Z Li"V djuk visf{kr gS) Hkko&lkSan;Z & Li"Vhdj.k 1 f'kYi lkSan;Z & Li"Vhdj.k 1 oqQy vad 3 d) fi; lkS dgsgq ---------------- /qvk ge ykxAA Hkko lkSan;Z efyd eqgEer tk;lh }kjk jfpr ^inekor* osQ ^ckjg eklk* izlax dh bu iafDr;ksa dh bu iafDr;ksa esa jktk jRulsu osQ fo;ksx esa larIr jkuh ukxerh Hkzej vkSj dkx dks lacskf/r djrs gq, dgrh gS fd gs HkzejA vkSj gs dkx! rqe esjs fiz;re osQ lehi igq pdj mUgsa ;g lans'kk nsuk fd vkidh fiz;rek fo;ksxkfXu esa ty&ty dj ej xbZ vkSj mldk /qvk yxus osQ dkj.k gh gekjs 'kjhj dkys iM+ x, gSaA f'kYi lkSan;Z 1- ukxerh dh fojgkoLFkk dk ekfeZd vkSj ltho fp=k.k 2- fojg dk vfr'k;ksfDr iw.kZ o.kZu 3- k`axkj jl osQ fo;ksx i{k dk n;Li'khZ o.kZu 4- vo/h Hkk"kk dk lgt iz;ksx 5- LojeS=kh osQ dkj.k y;kRedrk dk xq.k 6- dfork esa ek/q;Z xq.k 7- nksgk Nan 8- n`'; fcEc [k- gse oqQaHk ys -------------- jtuh Hkj rkjsA Hkko lkSan;Z Nk;koknh dfo t;'kadj izlkn }kjk jfpr ^dkusZfy;k dk xhr* dh bu iafDr;ksa esa izkr% dkyhu okrkoj.k osQ lkSan;Z dk fp kkd"kZd o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA m"kk :ih lqanjh Lof.kZe dy'k ls 142 iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq vad lqcg&lqcg esjs fy, leLr lq[k mM+sy nsrh gSA tc lkjh jkr tkxus osQ dkj.k rkjs eLrh esa ?kus yxrs gSaA f'kYi lkSan;Z & 1- Hkkjr esa izkr% dkyhu lkSan;Z dh vuqie NVk fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA 2- izLrqr iafDr;ksa esa m"kk vkSj rkjksa dk ekuohdj.k fd;k x;k gSA 3- :id vkSj vuqizkl vyadkj ----------- 4- Hkk"kk rRle 'kCnkoyh ;qDr [kM+h cksyh gSA 5- Hkk"kk esa yk{kf.kdrk vkSj izrhdkRedrk dk xq.k gSA 6- izkr%dkyhu lkSan;Z dk lqanj fcEc izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA 7- dfork esa ek/q;Z vkSj izlkn xq.k gSA x) Hkj x;k gS tgj -----------fiQj lhapus dksA Hkko lkSan;Z ^xhr xkus nks eq>s* uked dfork dh izLrqr iafDr;ksa esa dfooj lw;Zdkar f=kikBh ^fujkyk* us lalkj esa O;kIr ywV&[klksV ls fujk'k yksxksa dks viuh O;Fkk dks Hkqykdj iqu% O;oLFkk LFkkfir djus dk vk ku fd;k gSA loZ=k iSQyh fo"kerk vkSj fujk'kk dks R;kxdj ekuoh; laosnukvksa dh viuh T;ksfr ls bl /jrh dks iqu% lhapuk gksxkA f'kYi&lkSn a ;Z 1- izLrqr iafDr;ksa esa ekuork osQ dY;k.k dh ln~Hkkouk ls ;qDr xhrksa dks jpus dh dkeuk vfHkO;Dr gqbZ gSA 2- dfo dk ekuorkoknh n`f"Vdks.k Li"V gksrk gSA 3- vuqizkl] mRizs{kk vkSj fojks/kHkkl vyadkj dk iz;ksx 4- Hkk"kk esa yk{kf.kdrk dk xq.k gSA 5- lgt&LokHkkfod [kM+h cksyh dk iz;ksx gSA 6- Nan eqDr dfork gSA 7- dfork esa izlkn xq.k gSA 10- xn~;ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k 6 lanHkZ & ikB vkSj ys[kd dk uke 1 143 iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq vad iwokZij laca/ 1 O;k[;k &izeq[k O;k[;s; fcanqvksa dk Li"Vhdj.k 3 fo'ks"k &fo'ks"k fVIi.kh vkSj Hkk"kk 'kSyh xr fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k 1 oqQN fnuksa ckn ----------------- jkstxkj dk n rj gS\ izlax & izLrqr vorj.k vlxj otkgr }kjk fyf[kr ^'ksj* uked y?kqdFkk ls vorfjr gSA blesa ys[kd us 'ksj dks O;oLFkk dk izrhd ekuk gS vkSj mldh dk;Z iz.kkyh ij O;aX; fd;k gSA O;k[;k & oqQN fnuksa ls lquk tk jgk gS fd 'ksj vfgalk vkSj lg vfLrRo dk cgqr vPNk leFkZd gks x;k gS blfy, og taxyh tkuojksa dk f'kdkj ugha djrkA 'ksj osQ eq g esa lHkh tkuoj fcuk fdlh vkif k osQ ?kqls pys tk jgs gSa rks 'ksj dks f'kdkj djus dh D;k vko';drk gS\ O;oLFkk :ih 'ksj osQ ikl lc Hkzeo'k pys rks tkrs gSa fdUrq mUgsa oqQN Hkh ugha feyrk osQoy fujk'kk gh gkFk yxrh gSA vkt ns'k dh O;oLFkk vfgalk oknh vkSj lg&vfLrRooknh gksus dk naHk Hkj jgh gS ysfdu okLrfodrk ,dne fHkUu gSA fo'ks"k & 1- orZeku lekt dh Hkz"VO;oLFkk ij rh[kk O;aX; gSA 2- izrhdkRed vkSj O;aX;kRed Hkk"kk 'kSyh dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA 3- rRle] rn~Hko] mnwZ vkSj vaxzsth 'kCnksa dk lgt iz;ksx gSA vFkok ;fn lkfgR; lekt ---------------- dyk dk [kaMu gks x;k izlax % izLrqr xn~;ka'k jke foykl 'kekZ }kjk jfpr ^;FkkLeS jksprs fo'oe~* uked ikB ls fy;k x;k gS blesa ys[kd us lkfgR;] lekt vkSj dyk osQ eg o dk izfriknu fd;k gSA O;k[;k & ;fn lkfgR; lekt dk niZ.k gksrk rks lalkj dks cny Mkyus dh ckr u gksrhA ;fn ,d dfo dk dk;Z ;FkkFkZ thou dks izfrfcafcr djuk gh gksrk rks og ,d iztkifr dk LFkku xzg.k u djrkA okLro esa iztkifr us tks lekt cuk;k gS mlls vlarq"V gksdj ,d u, lekt dk fuekZ.k djuk dfo dk tUe fl vf/dkj gSA ;wukuh fo}kuksa us dyk dks thou dh udy dgk gS vkSj viQykrwu us bl lkjghu lalkj dks vly dh udy ekuk vkSj dyk dks udy dh udy dgk Fkk ysfdu vjLrw us V stsMh osQ fy, ekuk gS fd lalkj esa tSls euq"; gSa os mlls c<+p<+ dj fpf=kr fd, tkrs gSa bl izdkj vjLrw dk er udy&uohl dyk dk [kaMu djrk gSA fo'ks"k & 1- ys[kd us dyk osQ fo"k; esa fo}kuksa }kjk izLrqr fopkjksa dk mYys[k fd;k gSA 144 iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq 2- Hkk"kk ljy] lgt ,oa lkfgfR;d [kM+h cksyh gSA 3- vad rRle~] rn~Hko vkSj fons'kt 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gSA 11- fdUgha nks iz'uksa osQ m kj visf{kr gS & (4$4) 8 (izR;sd m kj esa izeq[k pkj fcanqvksa dk mYys[k fd;k tk, rks fo|kFkhZ dks iwjs vad iznku fd, tk, ) d- ^dPpk fpV~Bk [kksyuk* dk vFkZ gS thou dh lPpkbZ;ksa dk o.kZu djuk vFkkZr~ fcYoqQy lkiQ&lkiQ dgukA izLrqr ikB ys[kd dh vkRedFkk ^esjk dPpk fpV~Bk* dk ,d va'k gSA blesa ys[kd us vius thou dh lHkh vPNh&cqjh ckrksa ls ikBdksa dk lk{kkRdkj djok;k gSA ys[kd dks vius thou esa iz;kx laxzgky; fuekZ.k osQ fy, tks&tks dk;Z djus iM+s mudk lR; :i esa fp=k.k fd;k gSA ns'k osQ dksus&dksus ls oLrqvksa dk laxzg fd;kA ,d cqf<+;k ls nks #i;s esa cksf/lRo dh vkB iqQV yEch ewfrZ dks [kjhndj laxzgky; esa LFkkfir fd;k tks lalkj dh lcls iqjkuh ewfrZ gSA bl izdkj ^dPpk fpV~Bk* osQ ek ;e ls vius thou dh vueksy ;knksa dk ;FkkFkZ izLrqr fd;k gSA [k- vkS|ksxhdj.k us i;kZoj.k dk ladV blfy, iSnk dj fn;k gS D;ksafd i;kZoj.k vlarqyu c<+rk gh tk jgk gSA vkS|ksfxd fodkl osQ dkj.k f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe dks mtkM+ jgs gSaA [kfut laink u"V gks jgh gSA cls &clk, yksxksa dks mtkM+dj foLFkkfir fd;k tk jgk gSA gjs&Hkjs ou&ouLifr dkVs tk jgs gSaA x) ekuo thou esa lq[k vkSj nq[k /wi&Nk;k osQ leku vkrs&tkrs jgrs gSaA nq[k osQ ckn lq[k rFkk lq[k osQ ckn nq[k dh vuqHkwfr gksuk vfuok;Z gSA ekuo thou esa lq[kh ogh gS ftldk eu o'k esa gS ftldk eu ijo'k gS og ges'kk nq[kh jgrk gSA ijo'k gksus dk vFkZ gS & [kq'kken djuk] nk r fuiksjuk] pkiywlh vkSj th>jwh djukA ftldk eu vius o'k esa ugha jgrk og nwljs ds eu osQ insZ [kksyrk jgrk gS vkSj >wBs vkMacj jprk gS vkSj nwljksa dks iQ lkus osQ fy, tky fcNkrk gSA 12- fdlh ,d ys[kd vFkok dfo dk thou ifjp; visf{kr gS& 6 ( i) laf{kIr thou&ifjp; 2 (ii) jpukvksa osQ ukeksa dk mYys[k] lkfgfR;d ;ksxnku 2 (iii) nks dkO;xr vFkok Hkk"kk 'kSyhxr fo'ks"krkvksa dk Li"Vhdj.k osQnkjukFk flag dk tUe 7 tqykbZ 1934 bZ- esa cfy;k ftys osQ pfd;k xk o esa gqvkA dk'kh fgUnw fo'ofo|ky; ls fgUnh esa ,e-,- djus osQ ckn vk/qfud fgUnh dfork esa ^fcEc&fo/ku* fo"k; ij ih0,p0Mh0 dh mikf/ izkIr dhA tokgj yky usg: fo'ofo|ky; esa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk osQUnz esa fgUnh osQ izksisQlj osQ in ls vodk'k izkIr fd;k lEizfr fnYyh esa jgdj Lora=k ys[ku dj jgs gSaA izeq[k jpuk, & dkO; laxzg & vHkh fcyoqQy vHkh] tehu id jgh gS] ;gk ls ns[kks] vdky esa lkjlA 145 2 iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq vkykspukRed iqLrd & dYiuk vkSj Nk;kokn fuca/ laxzg & esjs le; osQ 'kCn vkSj dfczLrku esa iapk;r dkO;xr fo'ks"krk, & (dfork osQ lanHkZ esa foLrkj visf{kr gS) ( i) lkSan;Z vkSj izse ls ;qDr dkO; (ii) vkLFkk vkSj fo'okl dk Loj & mnkgj.k ^^fdlh vyf{kr lw;Z dks -------------viuh ,d Vk x ij [kM+k gS ;g 'kgj** (iii) lkekftd psruk dh vfHkO;fDr mnkgj.k & ^^;g /hjs&/hjs gksuk fd fgyrk ugha gS oqQN HkhA** (iv) la?k"kZ'khyrk dk Loj (fdUgha nks dkO;xr fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k visf{kr gSA visf{kr fcanqvksa dks & thou ifjp;] jpuk, vkSj nks dkO;xr fo'ks"krk, ] fy[kus ij iwjs vad fn, tk,A) vFkok rqylhnkl & HkfDrdky dh lxq.k HkfDr /kjk osQ jke HkDr dfo rqylhnkl dk tUe lu~ 1532 bZ- esa ck nk ftys esa jktk iqj xk o esa gqvk FkkA mUgksaus ^jkepfjr ekul* osQ }kjk jke dkO; rks le` fd;k gh] lkFk gh rRdkyhu lekt dk ekxZ n'kZu Hkh fd;kA jpuk, & jkepfjr ekul] xhrkoyh] dforkoyh] fou; if=kdk vkSj ".k xhrkoyhA dkO;xr fo'ks"krk, & (dfork osQ lanHkZ esa foLrkj visf{kr gS) ( i) jke dh HkfDr vkSj lxq.k & fuxqZ.k HkfDr esa leUo; dh Hkkouk (ii) thou osQ fofo/ :iksa dk ;FkkFkZ fp=k.k (iii) yksd eaxy vkSj leUo; dh Hkkouk (iv) fofo/ jlksa] Hkkoksa dk fp=k.k (v) czt vkSj vo/h Hkk"kk esa jpuk vFkok 146 vad iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq vkpk;Z jkepanz 'kqDy vkpk;Z 'kqDy fgUnh osQ egku vkykspd] bfrgkldkj vkSj lkfgR;dkj FksA mudk tUe mRrj izns'k osQ cLrh ftys osQ vxksuk uked xk o esa lu~ 1844 bZ- esa gqvk FkkA mudh vkjafHkd f'k{kk fetkZiqj osQ tqcyh LowQy esa gqbZ FkhA 1901 bZ- esa mUgksaus fe'ku gkbZ LowQy ls iQkbuy dh ijh{kk ikl dhA 1905 bZ- esa dk'kh ukxjh izpkfj.kh lHkk esa ^fgUnh 'kCn lkxj* osQ lgk;d laiknd osQ in ij fu;qDr gq,A oqQN le; fgUnw fo'ofo|ky; esa fgUnh osQ izk ;kid jgsA izeq[k jpuk, & fgUnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl] xksLokeh rqylhnkl] fparkef.k (pkj [kaM)] jl ehekalk] tk;lh xzaFkkoyh] Hkzejxhr lkj vkfnA Hkk"kk 'kSyhxr fo'ks"krk, & (ikB osQ lanHkZ esa foLrkj visf{kr gSA) ( i) xaHkhj foospukRed 'kSyh (ii) dFku dk peRdkj iw.kZ iz;ksx (iii) gkL;&O;aX; iz/ku 'kSyh (iv) lekl vkSj O;kl 'kSyh vkfn vFkok iafMr panz/j 'kekZ xqysjh thou ifjp; & fgUnh osQ izeq[k jpukdkj iafMr panz/j 'kekZ xqysjh dk tUe 1883 bZ- dks iqjkuh cLrh t;iqj esa gqvk FkkA os vusd Hkk"kkvksa osQ Kkrk Fks] mudh #fp foKku esa Fkh] izkphu bfrgkl vkSj iqjkr o mudk fiz; fo"k; FkkA 1904 ls 1922 rd vusd eg oiw.kZ laLFkkuksa esa izk ;kid osQ in ij dk;Z fd;kA izeq[k jpuk, & xqysjh th dh l`tu'khyrk osQ pkj izeq[k iM+ko gS & ^lekykspd (1903&06 bZ-) e;kZnk (1911&12 bZ-)] izfrHkk (1918&20) vkSj ukxjh izpkfj.kh if=kdk (1920&22) bu if=kdkvksa esa xqysjh th dk jpukdj O;fDrRo cgqfo/ mHkj dj lkeus vk;kA mUgksaus mR "V fuca/ksa osQ vfrfjDr rhu dgkfu;k & lq[ke; thou] cq w dk dk Vk vkSj mlus dgk Fkk & fgUnh txr dks nhA ^bfrgkl fnokdj* dh mikf/ ls mUgsa lEefur fd;k x;kA lkfgfR;d fo'ks"krk, & (ikB osQ lanHkZ esa foLrkj visf{kr gS) ( i) lekt dk ;FkkFkZ fp=k.k (ii) o.kZukRed] fp=kkRed] fooj.kkRed 'kSfy;ksa dk iz;ksx (iii) vke cksypky dh Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx] ltho n`'; fp=k.k 'kSyh dk iz;ksx 147 vad iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq 13- fdUgha rhu iz'uksa osQ mRrj visf{kr gSa vad (3$3$3) 9 (izR;sd m kj esa rhu fcanqvksa dk mYys[k gksus rFkk Hkk"kk dh lgt o 'kq vfHkO;fDr ij iwjs rhu vad fn, tk, A) d) tc lwjnkl dh >ksaiM+h dks yksxksa us tyrs gq, ns[kk rks mUgsa vk'p;Z gqvk fd blesa vkx fdl dkj.k iSQyhA tx/j us tc lwjnkl ls iwNk fd dgha ,slk rks ugha fd pwYgs dh fdlh fpuxkjh osQ dkj.k vkx yx xbZ gksA blh lPpkbZ dks tkuus osQ fy, lwjnkl ls dgk fd D;k blus pwYgs dh vkx dks 'kkar fd;k FkkA izR;q kj esa uk;d jke us bldk izrhdkFkZd vFkZ Li"V fd;k vkSj dgk fd lwjnkl dks lgt :i ls thou&;kiu djrs gq, ns[kdj oqQN yksx bZ";kZ dh vfXu esa tyus yxs FksA blh dkj.k mUgksasus vius eu dh bZ";kZ dh vkx dks 'kkar djus osQ fy, ;g dk;Z fd;kA [k) :i flag yksxksa dks igkM+ ij p<+kus dk izf'k{k.k nsrk gSA bl izf'k{k.k esa dbZ vk/qfud midj.kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA :i flag us dbZ lkgfld vfHk;kuksa esa Hkkx fy;k Fkk ysfdu tc mls ij Hkwiflag osQ ?kj osQ fy, p<+us esa dfBukbZ gqbZ D;ksafd mlosQ 'kjhj dk larqyu fcxM+ x;k rc mls Hkwiflag us vius eiQyj dh lgk;rk ls ij p<+k;kA Hkwiflag fcuk fdlh vk/qfud midj.kksa osQ cgqr ljyrk ls ij p<+ x;k rFkk :i flag dks Hkh p<+kus esa lgk;rk dhA Hkwiflag dh oqQ'kyrk vkSj fgEer osQ le{k :i flag ckSuk iM+ x;kA x) xk o esa vusd iwQy ik, tkrs gSa & dey] dksb;k ] gjflaxkj] dnac] rksjh] ykSdh] ve:n ----vkfnA blosQ lkFk xk o esa ,sls iwQy Hkh gksrs gSa tks jksxksa dks nwj djrs gSa & HkjHkaMk osQ iwQy dk nw/ vk [k vkus ij yxkus ls jksx nwj gks tkrk gSA uhe osQ iwQy vkSj i ks pspd osQ jksxh osQ ikl j[ks tkrs gSaA csj dk isQy lw ?kus ls rrS;k dk Mad >M+ tkrk gSA bl izdj dgk tk ldrk gS fd iwQy osQoy xa/ gh ugha nsrs] nok Hkh nsrs gSaA ?k) vc /jrh dk okrkoj.k xje gks x;k gS D;ksafd dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM xSlksa us /jrh osQ rkieku dks dbZ fMxzh lsfYl;l c<+k fn;k gS ftlls ekSle dk larqyu fcxM+ x;k gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd dHkh&dHkh vf/d cjlkr gksus yxrh gS rks dHkh&dHkh lw[kk iM+ tkrk gSA vkt vkS|ksfxd fodkl osQ uke ij iz fr dh vewY; laink u"V gks jgh gS bls vc jksduk gksxkA 14- ,d m kj visf{kr gS vkt iz fr ls ekuo viuk fj'rk rksM+ jgk gSA vkS|ksfxd fodkl osQ uke ij gks jgk gS iz fr dk fouk'k] gfj;kyh dk var] ty dk vHkko vkSj nwf"kr okrkoj.kA vkt HkkSfrd fodkl osQ uke ij ekuo rFkk vU; izkf.k;ksa osQ thou osQ fy, vko';d izk frd lk/uksa dk fouk'k gks jgk gSA ;fn fLFkfr ;gh jgrh gS rks ,d fnu bl i`Foh ij ekuo o vU; thoksa dk vfLrRo fuf'pr gh lekIr gks tk,xkA blfy, ys[kd us dgk gS fd ge ftls fodkl dh vkS|ksfxd lH;rk dgrs gSa og okLro esa mtkM+ dh vilH;rk gSA vr% /jrh ij gesa thuk gS rks tkx:d gksuk gksxk fd vkS|ksfxdrk osQ lkFk&lkFk okrkoj.k ne ?kksaVw u gks tk,A 148 iz-la- laHkkfor m kj&fcUnq vad vFkok ?khlw dk ;g okD; ^feBqvk [ksy esa jksrs gks*] lwjnkl dks vanj rd >d>ksj x;kA og fpark] 'kksd Xykfu ls eqDr gks mB [kM+k gqvkA mls yxk lPps f[kykM+h dHkh ugha jksrs] ckth ij ckth gkjrs gSa] pksV ij pksV [kkrs gSa] /DosQ lgrs gSa] ij eSnku esa MVs jgrs gSaA fdlh ls u tyrs gSa] u fp<+rs gSaA fgEer o /S;Z ls dke ysrs gSaA ftUnxh [ksy gS g lus osQ fy,] fny cgykus osQ fy,] jksus osQ fy, ughaA gesa Hkh thou dks [ksy le>dj [ksyuk gS] blesa fujk'kk oqQaBk dk dksbZ LFkku ughaA gesa Hkh lwjnkl dh rjg lPpk f[kykM+h cudj fujk'kk esa vk'kk dk nkeu ugha NksM+uk gSA fdlh ls bZ";kZ o tyu ugha djuh vfirq lkgl ls foif k vkSj fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk pkfg, bZ'oj mldh lgk;rk djrk gS tks viuh lgk;rk Lo;a djrk gSA deZ }kjk thou&laxzke dks thruk pkfg,A lR; vkSj vfgalk osQ ekxZ ij pydj thou dks liQy cukuk pkfg,A (izeq[k Ng fcUnqvksa dk mYys[k gksus ij iwjs Ng vad fn, tk, A) 149 6 iz'u i=k izk:i&2 fganh ,sfPNd d{kk& ckjgoha le; & 3 ?kaVs iz'uksa osQ izdkj vf/dre vad % 100 vifBr cks/ ys[ku vfr y?kqRrjkRed iz'u xn~;ka'k cks/ 14(7) fuca/kRed iz'u fo'ks"k fVIi.kh iBu] vocks/ o ys[ku dkS'ky xn~;ka'k cks/ 1(1) vfHkO;fDr vkSj dkO;ka'k cks/ 5(5) ek ;e 5(5) y?kqRrjkRed iz'u lkfgR; dforkvksa ds v/Zcks/ ij iz'u 6(2) dkO;ka'kksa dk dkO; lkSan;Z 6(2) iwjd iqLrd ds ikBksa dh fo"k; oLrq ij iz'u 9(3) i=k ys[ku 5(1) fuca/ ys[ku 10(1) vfHkO;fDr vkSj ek ;e 5(1) dkO;ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k 8(1) xn~;ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k 6(1) xn;~ ikBksa dh fo"k; oLrq ij iz'u 8(2) dfo ys[ku thou ifjp; 6(1) iwjd iqLrd ds ikBksa dh fo"k;oLrq iz'u 6(1) uksV % iz'u la[;k dks"Bd ds Hkhrj vkSj vad dks"Bd ds ckgj gSA 150 vocks/ o ys[ku dkS'ky iBu] ys[ku] o vocks/u dkS'ky vocks/u o ys[ku dkS'ky vocks/u dkS'ky vocks/u dkS'ky vocks/u dkS'ky vocks/u dkS'ky vocks/u dkS'ky vocks/u dkS'ky vocks/u dkS'ky o ys[ku o ys[ku o ys[ku o ys[ku o ys[ku o ys[ku o ys[ku fganh (,sfPNd) dksM la-&002 ikB~; e d{kk&12 iz'ui=k&2 le; & 3 ?kaVs iz-la- vf/dre vad % 100 vad [k.M ^d* 1 iz'u 20 fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks ;kuiwoZd i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft, & ifj;kstuk f'k{kk dk ,d cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ vax gSA bls rS;kj djus esa fdlh [ksy dh rjg dk gh vkuan Hkh feyrk tkrk gSA bl rjg ifj;kstuk rS;kj djus dk vFkZ gS&[ksy&[ksy esa cgqr oqQN lh[k tkukA ;fn vkidks dgk tk, fd bl ij fuca/ fyf[k,] rks vkidks 'kk;n mruk vkuan ugha vk,xkA ysfdu ;fn vkils dgk tk, fd v[kckjksa esa Nis vyx&vyx 'kgjksa osQ n'kgjs osQ fp=k dkV dj viuh dkWih esa fpidkb, vkSj fyf[k, fd dkSu&lk fp=k] fdl 'kgj osQ n'kgjs dk gS] rks 'kk;n vkidks cgqr vkuan vk,xkA rks bl rjg ls fp=k bdV~Bs djosQ fpidkuk Hkh ,d 'kSf{kd ifj;kstuk gSA ;g ,d izdkj dh iQksVks&iQhpj ifj;kstuk dgyk,xhA bl rjg ls u osQoy vkius fp=k dkVs vkSj fpidk,&cfYd dbZ 'kgjksa esa euk, tkus okys n'kgjs osQ rjhdksa dks Hkh tkukA ifj;kstuk ikB~;&iqLrd ls izkIr tkudkfj;ksa osQ vykok Hkh vkidks ns'k&nqfu;k dh cgqr lkjh tkudkfj;k iznku djrh gSA ;g vkidks rF;ksa dks tqVkus rFkk mu ij fopkj djus dk volj iznku djrh gSA blls vki esa u,&u, rF;ksa osQ dkS'ky dk fodkl gksrk gSA blls vki esa ,dkxzrk dk fodkl gksrk gSA ys[ku laca/h ubZ&ubZ 'kSfy;ksa dk fodkl gksrk gSA vki esa fparu djus rFkk fdlh iwoZ ?kVuk ls orZeku ?kVuk dks tksM+dj ns[kus dh 'kfDr dk fodkl gksrk gSA ifj;kstuk dbZ izdkj ls rS;kj dh tk ldrh gSA gj O;fDr bls vyx <ax ls] vius rjhosQ ls rS;kj dj ldrk gSA Bhd mlh izdkj tSls gj O;fDr dk ckrphr djus dk] jgus dk] [kkus&ihus dk viuk vyx rjhdk gksrk gSA ,slk fuca/] dgkuh] dfork fy[krs ;k fp=k cukrs le; Hkh gksrk gSA ysfdu mQij dgh xbZ ckrkssa osQ vk/kj ij ;gk ge ifj;kstuk dks eksVs rkSj ij nks Hkkxksa esa ck V ldrs gSa & ,d rks os ifj;kstuk, tks leL;kvksa osQ funku osQ fy, rS;kj dh tkrh gS vkSj nwljh os tks fdlh fo"k; dh leqfpr tkudkjh iznku djus osQ fy, rS;kj dh tkrh gSaA leL;kvksa osQ funku osQ fy, rS;kj dh tkus okyh ifj;kstukvksa esa lacaf/r leL;k ls tqM+s lHkh rF;ksa ij izdk'k Mkyk tkrk gS vkSj ml leL;k osQ lek/ku osQ fy, lq>ko Hkh fn, tkrs gSaA bl rjg dh ifj;kstuk, izk;% ljdkjh vFkok laxBuksa }kjk fdlh leL;k ij dk;Z ;kstuk rS;kj djrs le; cukbZ tkrh gSaA blls ml leL;k osQ fofHkUu igyqvksa ij dk;Z djus esa vkluh gks tkrh gSA 151 15 iz-la- iz'u vad fdUrq nwljs izdkj dh ifj;kstuk dks vki vklkuh ls rS;kj dj ldrs gSaA bls 'kSf{kd ifj;kstuk Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bl rjg dh ifj;kstuk, rS;kj djrs le; vki lacaf/r fo"k; ij rF;ksa dks tqVkrs gq,] cgqr lkjh ubZ&ubZ ckrksa ls vius vki ifjfpr Hkh gksrs gSaA 1- xn~;ka'k osQ fy, mi;qDr 'kh"kZd nhft,A 1 2- ifj;kstuk D;k gS\ blls D;k feyrk gS\ 2 3- 'kSf{kd ifj;kstuk D;k gS\ 2 4- ifj;kstuk gesa D;k iznku djrh gS\ 2 5- ifj;kstuk fdl izdkj rS;kj dh tk ldrh gS\ 2 6- leL;k dk funku djus okyh ifj;kstuk oSQlh gksuh pkfg,\ 2 7- gj O;fDr dh ifj;kstuk nwljs ls vyx D;ksa gksrh gS\ 1 8- ^f'k{kk* vkSj ^laca/* 'kCnksa osQ fo'ks"k.k cukb,A 1 9- ^iQksVks&iQhpj* ifj;kstuk ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ 1 10- ^ns'k*] ^nqfu;k* & 'kCnksa dk ,d&,d i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,A 1 2 5 fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks ;kuiwoZd i<+dj iwNs x, iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft,& dgks] rqEgkjh tUeHkwfe dk gS fdruk foLrkj\ fHkUu&fHkUu ;fn ns'k gekjs rks fdldk lalkj\ /jrh dks ge dk Vs&Nk Vsa] rks ml vacj dks Hkh ck Vsa] ,d vuy gS] ,d lfyy gS] ,d vfuy lapkj] dgks] rqEgkjh tUeHkwfe dk gS fdruk foLrkj\ ,d Hkwfe gS] ,d O;kse gS] ,d lw;Z gS] ,d lkse gS] ,d iz fr gS] ,d iq#"k] vxf.kr :ikdkj] dgks] rqEgkjh tUeHkwfe dk gS fdruk foLrkj\ d- fHkUu ns'kksa esa /jrh dk foHkktu djus okys osQ fy, fdldk foHkktu vlaHko gS\ 1 [k- ns'kksa dh fHkUurk dks egRo u nsus osQ fy, D;k roZQ fn, x, gSa\ 1 152 iz-la- iz'u vad x- ^vuy* vkSj ^vfuy* 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ esa D;k varj gS\ 1 ?k- dfo osQ eu esa tUeHkwfe dk foLrkj fdruk gS\ 1 ,d iz fr gS] ,d iq#"k gS] vxf.kr :ikdkj & dFku dk Hkko Li"V dhft,A 1 vFkok tyrk gS ;g thou&irax thou fdruk\vfr y?kq {k.k] ;s 'kyHk iqat ls d.k&d.k] r`".kk og vuyf'k[kk] cu& tyus dh D;ksa u mls meax\ gS m Qpk vkt ex/&f'kj inry esa foftr iM+k fxj] nwjkxr ozaQnu& ofu fiQj D;ksa xw t jgh gS vfLFkj& dc fot;h dk vfHkeku Hkax\ ;g lq[k oSQlk 'kklu dk\ 'kklu js ekuo eu dk! fxfj&Hkkj cuk&lk frudk] ;g ?kVkVksi nks fnu dk& fiQj jfo&'kf'k fdj.kksa dk izlax! ;g egknaHk dk nkuo] ihdj meax dk vklo] dj pqdk egkHkh"k.k jo] lq[k ns izk.kh dks ekuo rt fot;&ijkt; dk oqQjax! 153 iz-la- iz'u vad d- thou dh rqyuk iraxs ls D;ksa dh xbZ gS\ 1 [k- ^fot;* vkSj ^foftr* 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fdlosQ fy, fd;k x;k gS\ 1 x- okLrfod 'kklu dkSu&lk gS\ 1 ?k- ^egknaHk dk nkuo* fdls dgk gS\ 1 ^jfo*] ^'kf'k* 'kCnksa osQ ,d&,d i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,A 1 [k.M ^[k* 3- fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d ij yxHkx 400 'kCnksa esa ,d fuca/ fyf[k, % d- 4- ,d dkedkth vkSjr dh 'kkeA x- 10 deZ gh iwtk gSA [k- 25 ekuo vfLrRo ds fy, o`{kkjksi.kA fnuksafnu fcxM+rh dkuwu O;oLFkk dh leL;k ds izfr fpark O;Dr djrs gq, iqfyl dfe'uj dks i=k fyf[k,A 5 vFkok fctyh dk ehVj [kjkc gksus dh lwpuk nsrs gq, fnYyh fo|qr cksMZ ds eq[; vf/dkjh dks i=k fyf[k,A 5- Hkkjr esa baVjusV i=kdkfjrk ds fodkl ij ,d fVIi.kh fyf[k,A 5 vFkok i=kdkfjrk ds izdkj crkrs gq, i=kdkfjrk esa lk{kkRdkj dk eg o le>kb,A 6- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ m kj ,d&nks okD;ksa esa fyf[k, & d- foKku osQ {ks=k esa dke dj jgh Hkkjr dh fdUgha nks laLFkkvksa osQ uke fyf[k,A [k- jsfM;ks lekpkj dh fdUgha nks fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k dhft,A x- Hkkjr esa izFke Nkik[kkuk dc vkSj dgk [kqyk\ ?k- iQhpj osQ fdUgha nks izdkjksa osQ uke fyf[k,A i=kdkjksa osQ fdUgha nks izdkjksa osQ uke fyf[k,A 154 5 iz-la- vad [k.M ^x* 7 iz'u 55 fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'kksa esa ls fdlh ,d dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft, & 1947 osQ ckn ls brus yksxksa dks brus rjhdksa ls vkRefuHkZj ekykeky vkSj xfr'khy gksrs ns[kk gS fd vc tc vkxs dksbZ gkFk iSQykrk gS iPphl iSls ,d pk; ;k nks jksVh osQ fy, rks tku ysrk gw A esjs lkeus ,d bZekunkj vkneh] vkSjr ;k cPpk [kM+k gS ekurk gqvk fd gk eSa ykpkj gw ] oaQxky ;k dks<+h ;k eSa Hkyk paxk gw vkSj dkepksj vkSj ,d ekewyh /ks[kscktA ysfdu iwjh rjg rqEgkjs ladksp] yTtk] ijs'kkuh ;k xqLls ij vkfJr rqEgkjs lkeus fcYoqQy uaxk] fuyZTt vkSj fujkdka{khA eSaus vius dks gVk fy;k gS gj eksM+ ls eSa rqEgkjk fojks/h] izfr}a}h ;k fgLlsnkj ugha eq>s oqQN nsdj ;k u nsdj Hkh rqe de&ls&de ,d vkneh ls rks fuf'par jg ldrs gksA vFkok fla/q rj;ks mudks cujk rqe iS /uq js[k xbZ u rjhA ck /ksbZ ck /r lks u cU;ks mu okfjf/ ck f/osQ ckV djhA Jh j?kqukFk&izrki dh ckr rqEgsa nloaQB u tkfu ijhA rsyfu rwyfu iw fN tjh u tjh tjh yad tjkb tjhAA 155 8 iz-la8 iz'u fdUgha nks iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft,& vad (3$3) d- ^jfg pfd fp=kfy[kh&lh* & iafDr dk eeZ rqylhnkl osQ ^in* dfork 'kh"kZd osQ lanHkZ esa Li"V dhft,A x9 lR; dh igpku ge oSQls djsa\ ^lR;* dfork osQ lanHkZ esa Li"V dhft,A [k- 6 ^ljkst&Le`fr* dfork dk izfrikn~; Li"V dhft,A fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'kksa esa ls fdUgha nks dk dkO;&lkSan;Z Li"V dhft,& d- (3$3) 6 lc tkfr iQVh nq[k dh nqiVh diVh u jgS tg ,d ?kVhA fu?kVh #fp ehpq ?kVh gw ?kVh txtho trhu dh NwVh pVhA [k- tuuh fuj[kfr cku /uqfg;k A ckj&ckj mj uSufu ykofr izHkqtw dh yfyr iufg;k A dcgq izFke T;ksa tkb txkofr dfg fiz; opu lokjsA x- ;g iz r] Lo;aHkw] cz ] v;qr% bldks Hkh 'kfDr ns nks ;g nhi] vosQyk] Lusg Hkjk gS xoZ Hkjk enekrk] ij bldks Hkh iafDr ns nksA 10 fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'kksa esa ls fdlh ,d dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft, & /eZ osQ jgL; tkuus dh bPNk izR;sd euq"; u djs] tks dgk tk, ogh dku <ydkdj] lqu ys] bl lR;;qxh er osQ leFkZu esa ?kM+h dk n`"Vkar cgqr rkfy;ka fiVokdj fn;k tkrk gSA ?kM+h le; crykrh gSA fdlh ?kM+h ns[kuk tkuus okys ls le; iwN yks vkSj dke pyk yksA ;fn vf/d djks rks ?kM+h ns[kuk Lo;a lh[k yks fdarq rqe pkgrs gks fd ?kM+h dk ihNk [kksy dj ns[ksa] iqjts fxu] mUgsa [kksydj fiQj tek nsa] lkiQ djosQ fiQj yxk ysa & ;g rqels ugha gksxkA rqe mlosQ vf/dkjh ugha gksA vFkok ;fn lekt esa ekuo laca/ ogh gksrs] tks dfo pkgrk gS] rks 'kk;n mls iztkifr cuus dh t:jr u iM+rhA mlosQ vlarks"k dh tM+ ;s ekuo laca/ gh gSaA ekuo&laca/ksa ls ijs lkfgR; ugha gSA dfo tc fo/krk ij lkfgR; jprk gS] rc mls Hkh ekuo laca/ksa dh ifjf/ esa [khap ykrk gSA bu ekuo&laca/ksa dh nhoky ls gh gseysV dh dfo lqyHk lgkuqHkwfr Vdjkrh gS vkSj 'ksDlfi;j ,d 156 6 iz-la- iz'u vad egku V stMh dh l`f"V djrk gSA ,sls le; tc lekt osQ cgqla[;d yksxksa dk thou bu ekuo laca/ksa osQ fiatM+s esa ia[k iQM+iQM+kus yxs] lhadps rksM+dj ckgj mM+us osQ fy, vkrqj gks mBs] ml le; dfo dk iztkifr :i vkSj Hkh Li"V gks mBrk gSA og lekt osQ n`"Vk vkSj fu;ked osQ ekuo&fogx ls {kqC/ vkSj #n~/ Loj dks ok.kh nsrk gSA og eqDr xxu esa xhr xkdj ml fogx osQ iSjksa esa ubZ 'kfDr Hkj nsrk gSA 11 fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks osQ m kj fyf[k, & (4$4) d- ^izse/u dh Nk;k&Le`fr* ikB osQ vk/kj ij 'kqDyth us pkS/jh lkgc osQ O;fDrRo dh fdu&fdu fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS\ [k- ^y?kqdFkk, * ikB osQ vk/kj ij 'ksj osQ eq g vkSj jkstxkj osQ n rj osQ e ; D;k varj gS\ Li"V dhft,A x- 8 ^tgk dksbZ okilh ugha* ikB esa ys[kd ^fueZy oekZ* us xk o osQ [ksrksa esa D;k n`'; ns[kk\ 12 lw;Zdkar f=kikBh fujkyk vFkok t;'kadj izlkn dk thou&ifjp;] jpuk, rFkk dkO;xr fo'ks"krk, fyf[k,A 6 vFkok vkpk;Z gtkjh izlkn n~foosnh vFkok jkefoykl 'kekZ dk thou&ifjp;] jpuk, vkSj lkfgfR;d fo'ks"krk, rFkk Hkk"kk 'kSyh ij izdk'k Mkfy,A (3$3$3) 9 13 fdUgha rhu iz'uksa osQ m kj nhft, & d- ^lwjnkl dh >ksaiM+h* miU;kl osQ izeq[k ik=k ^lwjnkl* dh pkfjf=kd fo'ks"krk, fyf[k,A [k- ^i;kZoj.k laj{k.k* osQ fy, gekjk D;k nkf;Ro gS\ x- ^vkjksg.k* dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk fyf[k,A ?k- ^fcLdksgj dh ekVh* ikB fdl jpuk dk va'k gS\xzkeh.kksa dh fdu&fdu fo"kerkvksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS\ 14 ^vkjksg.k* ikB osQ vk/kj ij ^ioZrkjksg.k* dh izklafxdrk ij izdk'k Mkfy,A vFkok ^viuk ekyok* & ikB osQ vk/kj ij&fodkl dh vkS|ksfxd leL;k mtkM+ dh vilH;rk gS] [kkmQ&mtkM+ lH;rk osQ lanHkZ esa gks jgs i;kZoj.k osQ fouk'k ij izdk'k Mkfy,A 157 6 fgUnh ,sfPNd izfrn'kZ iz'u i=k&2 (vad ;kstuk) d{kk& ckjgoha le; & 3 ?kaVs iz-la- vf/dre vad % 100 iz'u vad [kaM ^d* 1- 'kh"kZd % ifj;kstuk dk Lo:iA 1 2- ifj;kstuk f'k{kk dk cgqr eg oiw.kZ vax gSA ;g ,d iw.kZ fopkj ;kstuk gksrh gSA bls rS;kj djus esa vkuan feyrk gSA 2 3- 'kSf{kd ifj;kstuk esa lacaf/r fo"k; ij rF;ksa dks tqVkrs gq,] fp=k bdV~Bs djosQ ,d LFkku ij fpidk, tkrs gSaA bu ubZ&ubZ ckrksa dh tkudkjh nh tkrh gSA 2 4- ifj;kstuk gesa gekjh leL;kvksa dk funku iznku djuk gSA bls rS;kj djus esa gesa [ksy tSlk vkuan feyrk gSA 2 5- ifj;kstuk dbZ izdkj ls rS;kj dh tkrh gSA gj O;fDr bls vius <ax ls rS;kj dj ldrk gSA ifj;kstuk, nks izdkj dh gksrh gS % (d) leL;k dk funku djus okys ([k) fo"k; dh leqfpr tkudkjh nsus okyh ifj;kstukA 2 6- leL;k dk lek/ku djus okyh ifj;kstuk esa lacaf/r leL;k ls tqM+s lHkh rF;ksa ij izdk'k Mkyk tkrk gS vkSj leL;k lek/ku osQ lq>ko Hkh fn, tkrs gSaA 2 7- gj O;fDr dk dke djus dk ,d vyx rjhdk gksrk gSA mldh vU; vknrksa dh rjg mldk ifj;kstuk dk;Z Hkh nwljksa ls vyx gksrk gSA 1 8- fo'ks"k.k ( i) (ii) 9- f'k{kk & 'kSf{kd laca/ & lacaf/r 1 fdlh fo"k; fo'ks"k ls lacaf/r fp=kksa dks fo"k;kuq:i fpidkuk iQksVks iQhpj ifj;kstuk dgykrk gSA 1 10- i;kZ;okph 'kCn ( i) ns'k & eqYd] oru (ii) 1 nqfu;k & tx] txr 158 iz-la2- iz'u vad vifBr dkO;ka'kksa ij vk/kfjr iz'uks kj d- fHkUu ns'kksa dh /jrh dk foHkktu djus okys osQ fy, vkdk'k] gok] ikuh o vkx dk foHkktu djuk vlaHko gSA 1 [k- ns'kksa dh fHkUurk dks egRo u nsus osQ fy, dgk x;k gSA bl /jrh ij vkdk'k] vkx] ikuh] gok] lw;Z] pUnzek rFkk iz fr vkfn ,d gSaA 1 x- ^vuy* dk vFkZ gS & vkx rFkk vfuy dk vFkZ gS & gok rFkk vkx euq"; dh la?k"kZ 'kfDr dh ifjpk;d gSA 1 ?k- dfo osQ fopkj esa] tUeHkwfe dk foLrkj lkjh /jrh ij gSA ;g nwj&nwj rd iSQyk gqvk gSA 1 - bl dFku dk vk'k; gS fd /jrh ij ,d gh iz fr gS] iq#"k Hkh ,d gS] ijUrq mlosQ :i fHkUu&fHkUu gSaA 1 vFkok d- ftl izdkj iraxk T;ksfr esa tydj vius izk.k ns nsrk gS] mlh izdkj euq"; viuh bPNkvksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, viuk thou u"V dj nsrk gSA 1 [k- ^fot;h* 'kCn dk iz;ksx ex/ o ^foftr* 'kCn dk iz;ksx dfyax osQ fy, fd;k x;k gSA 1 x- okLrfod 'kklu lRrk dk ugha] eu dk gSA 1 ?k- ^egknaHk dk nkuo* ^vgadkj* dks dgk x;k gSA ftlosQ dkj.k euq"; nwljksa dks vius v/hu j[kuk pkgrk gSA 1 i;kZ;okph 'kCn % 1 jfo & lw;Z 'kf'k & pk n [kaM ^[k* 3- fdlh ,d fo"k; ij 400 'kCnksa esa fuca/ visf{kr gSA 10 Hkwfedk 1 fo"k; oLrq dk lqlEc izfriknu 6 milagkj 1 Hkk"kk dh mi;qDrrk vkSj vfHkO;fDr 'kSyh 2 159 iz-la- iz'u d- deZ gh iwtk gS O;fDr dh liQyrk osQ fy, deZB gksuk vko';d gSA mls deZ esa gh fo'okl djuk pkfg,A ftl O;fDr esa vkRe&fo'okl gS] og O;fDr thou esa dHkh vliQy ugha gks ldrk gS] gk tks O;fDr gj ckr osQ fy, nwljksa dk eq g rkdrk gS] mls vusd ckj fujk'kk dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA vdeZ.; O;fDr gh HkkX; osQ Hkjksls cSBrk gSA deZohj rks ck/kvksa dh mis{kk djrs gq, vius Hkqtcy ij fo'okl j[krs gSaA mlosQ ckjs esa dfooj gfjvkS/ th dk dguk gS & ^^ns[kdj ck/k fofof/ cgq fo?u ?kcjkrs ugha jg Hkjksls HkkX; osQ nq[k Hkksx iNrkrs ughaA** osQoy vkylh O;fDr gh lnSo nSo&nSo iqdkjk djrs gSaA vkylh yksxksa dk xq:ea=k gS & ^^vtxj djS u pkdjh] iaNh djs u dke nkl eywdk dg x,] lcosQ nkrk jkeA** thou dh liQyrk osQoy iq#"kkFkZ esa gh fufgr gSA Lokoyach O;fDr lnSo vius Hkjksls jgrk gSA og rks vlaHko dks Hkh laHko cuk nsrs gSa& ^^ioZrksa dks dkVdj lM+osQ cuk nsrs gSa os lSdM+ksa e#Hkwfe esa ufn;ka cgk nsrs gSa osA** fo'o dk bfrgkl ,sls deZ;ksfx;ksa ls Hkjk iM+k gS] ftUgksaus deZ esa jr jgdj liQyrk dh mPp lhek dks Nw fy;kA tks iq#"k m|eh ,oa Lokoyach gksrs gSa] os fu'p; gh liQy gksrs gSaA ^^dk;j eu dg ,d v/kjk] nSo&nSo vkylh iqdkjkA** dfooj johUnzukFk BkoqQj us viuh ^iqtkjh] Hktu] iwtu vkSj lk/u* dfork esa crk;k gS fd nsoky; esa cSBuk bZ'oj dh lPph mikluk ugha gSA dfo dh ekU;rk gS fd nsoky; osQ fdlh dksus esa cSBdj iwtk djuk O;FkZ gSA nsork nsoky; esa fuokl ugha djrk gSA tc iqtkjh Jfedksa osQ lkFk ilhuk cgk,xk rHkh og bZ'oj dh lPph iwtk dj ik,xkA deZ djosQ gh bZ'oj dh mikluk gks ldrh gS] vr% fdlku dks etnwjksa osQ ilhus osQ lkFk ilhuk cgkuk pkfg,A blh ls izHkq izlUu gksrs gSaA [k- ,d dkedkth vkSjr dh 'kke Hkkjr ,d f"k iz/ku ,oa xkaoksa dk ns'k gSA ;gk osQ vf/dka'k yksx f"k ij fuHkZj jgrs gSa] ijUrq 'kgj esa thou ;kiu djus okys yksx Hkh de la[;k esa ugha gaSA ftl ij L=kh&iq#"k nksuksa feydj 160 vad iz-la- iz'u [ksrksa esa dke djrs gSa mlh izdkj 'kgj osQ L=kh&iq#"k nksuksa gh vius&vius dk;kZy;ksa esa dke djrs gSa] rHkh 'kgjh ftanxh lqpk: :is py ikrh gSA HkhM+&HkhM+ okys O;Lr egkuxj esa izkr% ,oa lk;a HkkxeHkkx eph jgrh gSA 'kgj dh efgyk, tSls&rSls HkhM+ osQ p O;wg dks rksM+dj dk;kZy; igq prh gSA fnu Hkj dke djosQ Fkdh gkjh tc ?kj dh vksj eq[k djrh gSa rc mUgsa jkr osQ Hk; osQ dkj.k 'kh?kzrk djuh iM+rh gSA HkhM+ Hkjs pkSjkgs] BlkBl Hkjh clsa] jsy xkfM+;k rFkk vkWVks fjD'ks] D;k djsa\ oSQls p<+s buesa\ vkb, nsf[k, ,d dkedkth vkSjr dh cspSuh ,oa ruko Hkjh 'kke dk n`';A cl LVSaM ij pkjksa vksj HkhM+] cl dk bartkj vkSj vusd fpark, A yks vk xbZ cl] BlkBl HkjhA efgyk blesa lokj gksus osQ fy, rS;kj gSA ,d dk /s ij yVdk ilZ rFkk nwljs gkFk esa ,d Hkjk FkSyk yVdk, ftlesa 'kke dh lCth] NksVs cPpksa osQ fy, fcLoqQV] VkWiQh] ikuh dh [kkyh cksry rFkk [kkyh fVfiQu oSQfj;j vkfn nwljs gkFk ls ckj&ckj xkM+h esa p<+us dk iz;kl djrh gS dHkh xkM+h vkxs rks dHkh Lo;a vkxs fudy tkrh gSA dHkh xkM+h NwV tkrh gs] rks dHkh xkM+h ls gkFk NwV tkrk gSA tSls&rSls HkkxhjFk iz;kl djosQ xkM+h esa lokj gks tkrh gSA HkhM+ esa lHkh vksj ls nch gqbZ vius dks cpkrh gqbZ ?kj dh O;oLFkk] jksVh] diM+k vkSj edku dk fparu djrh gqbZ /hjs&/hjs xkM+h osQ vxys xsV rd vkrh gSA bl chp dHkh mldh psu vkSj dHkh mldk ilZ mldk pksjh dj fy;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj izR;sd dkedkth vkSjr fuR;izfr blh HkkxeHkkx osQ lkFk dk;kZy; ls vius ?kj dh vksj nkSM+rh gS tgk mlosQ cPps fpfM+;ksa osQ cPpksa dh rjg pha&pha dj jgs gksrs gSaA fiQj tqV tkrh gS mlh nSfud izf ;k esa tks jksVh] diM+k vkSj edku ls tqM+h gksrh gS /U; gSA ,slh vkSjr tks ohjkaxuk dh rjg ,d ;qn~/ fuR; izfr thrrh gSA x- ekuo vfLrRo osQ fy, o`{kkjksi.k vko';d iz fr ekuo dh lPph lgpjh gS] blus euq"; osQ thou dks lq[kh ,oa le`n~/ cuk;k gSA iz fr osQ vk xu dk lcls laqnj vax o`{k gSA o`{kksa dh efgek dks tkudj gh mls ijksidkj osQ mieku osQ :i esa Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA fpfdRlk osQ {ks=k esa o`{kksa dk vHkwriwoZ egRo gSA NksVs ls rqylh osQ ikS/ esa vusd jksxksa dk mipkj djus dh vn~Hkqr {kerk fufgr gSA l`f"V osQ fuekZ.k esa o`{kksa dh gfj;kyh dh efgek vo.kZuh; gSA vkt gekjs ns'k osQ lEeq[k dbZ leL;k, gSa] tSls & iznw"k.k] tula[;k] vkradokn vkfnA ok;q iznw"k.k ,d egRoiw.kZ leL;k gSA taxyksa dk liQk;k gh bl iznw"k.k dk eq[; dkj.k gSA o`{kksa dk ekuo osQ vfLrRo dks cuk, j[kus esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA o`{k gh v'kqn~/ ok;q vius esa ysdj 'kqn~/ ok;q dk foltZu djrs gSa] rkfd ekuo dh 'okl&f ;k cuh jgsA ok;q&iznw"k.k dks rHkh jksdk tk ldrk gs] tc ge vf/d ls vf/d o`{kkjksi.k djsaA vf/d o`{kksa dks yxkdj gh ge ck<+ vFkok lw[ks tSlh leL;kvksa dks jksd ldrs gSaAA ou laj{k.k dh uhfr dk ikyu djrs gq, f"k vFkZO;oLFkk dh j{kk dh tk ldrh gSA ouksa osQ vfoosdiw.kZ O;kikfjd nksgu osQ iQyLo:i tu&/u dh egku {kfr gqbZ gSA ;fn gesa izk frd larqyu vkSj LFkkf;Ro dks iqu% izkIr djuk gS rks ouksa dk fodkl gksuk 161 vad iz-la- iz'u pkfg, u fd fouk'kA bl lanHkZ esa ;g ukjk cqyan gqvk gS & ^^isM+ yxk, LoxZ cuk, ] /jrh fgUnqLrku dh gjh Hkjh gks ;g olqa/jk] esjs ns'k egku dh**AA i;kZoj.k dh j{kk laca/h ;g psruk ifjlaoknksa esa gksus okys cqn~f/ foykl dh fu"if k ek=k ugha gS] cfYd ns'k osQ dbZ Hkkxksa esa gks jgs ^fpidks*] ^eqacbZ cpkvks* vkSj ^ewd ?kkVh cpkvks* tSls ikfjfLFkfrdh; tu&vkanksyu dh iQyJqfr gSA bu vkanksyu us i;kZoj.k osQ fy, iSnk [krjksa dks mtkxj dj turk dks xyr uhfr;ksa osQ f[kykiQ mB [kM+k gksus osQ fy, izsfjr fd;k vkSj izfrjks/ osQ 'kkafre; vkanksyuksa dk :i fy;kA ^fpidks vkanksyu* isM+ksa ls fpiosQ jgus dh rFkk mUgsa u dkVus dh vn~Hkqr felky gSA bl vkanksyu us ,d cqfu;knh iz'u mBk;k gS fd] D;k taxy dh eq[; iSnkokj feV~Vh] ikuh vkSj izk.kok;q gS ;k vkt dh izpfyr ljdkjh ou izca/ dh dfFkr oSKkfud uhfr osQ vuqlkj vkS|ksfxd dPpk eky vkSj ydM+h gS\ D;k ge fons'kh iw th dekus osQ fy, ou&laink dk fu;kZr dj fouk'k dh fu;fr rks ugha x<+ jgs gSa\;g ns'knzksg gSA blh izdkj eqacbZ osQ ukxfjdksa us lM+dksa vkSj edkuksa osQ foLrkj osQ fy, isM+ksa dks dkVus ij pqukSrh nh vkSj mUgksaus lkark wt esa fyfdax jksM ij isM+ksa dh j{kk dhA ;g pqukSrh gh /hjs&/hjs vU; jkT;ksa esa iSQy x;h rFkk vke ukxfjdksa dks viuh o`{k&laink dks cpk, j[kus osQ fy, izsfjr fd;kA ;fn ge LokJ;h vkSj LFkk;h fodkl dh uhfr;ksa dks viukus dk nkok djrs gSa vkSj iz fr osQ lkFk lkeatL; dh mis{kk djrs gSa] rks ,d fnu ,slk t:j vk,xk] tc iz fr osQ /S;Z dh lhek VwV tk,xhA og viuk izfr'kks/ ck<+ vkSj lw[ks tSlh fouk'kdkjh] leL;kvksa ls ysxhA vr% gesa iz fr vkSj ekuo osQ f ;kdykiksa esa ,d lkeatL; j[kuk gksxk rFkk dguk gksxk & vkvks ge lRdkj djsaA isM+ yxkdj /jrh ek dk] ge vuqie J`axkj djsaA o`{k osQoy gekjh t:jr gh ugha] cfYd ;g viuh lqnajrk ls iwjs okrkoj.k dks LoPN o euksje cuk, j[krs gSaA bUgha ls gesa n`<+ bPNk'kfDr dh izsj.kk feyrh gSA o"kkZ] vka/h osQ izdksi ls Hkh isM+ Mjrs ugha vkSj MV dj mudk lkeuk djrs gSaA o`{kksa dh gfj;kyh euq"; dks ldkjkRed lksp rks nsrh gh gS] lkFk&lkFk izlUurk Hkh nsrh gSA ljdkj osQ lkFk gesa Hkh feydj vf/d la[;k esa o`{kkjksi.k djuk pkfg,A iz fr dh bl vewY; nsu dks laHkky dj j[kus ls gh ekuo tkfr dk vfLrRo cuk jgsxkA fdlh us Bhd gh dgk gS & vkvks feydj o`{k yxk, thou esa [kq'kgkyh yk, 162 vad iz-la- iz'u vad ladVksa dks ge nwj Hkxk, iz fr ls ge izse c<+k, A 4- i=k ys[ku 5 i=k dk izk:i & vkSipkfjdrk, 2 fo"k; oLrq dk izfriknu 2 Hkk"kk dh 'kq rk 1 lsok esa] Jheku~ iqfyl&vk;qDr egksn;] jk"V h; jkt/kuh {ks=k fnYyh fo"k;& fnu&izfrfnu fcxM+rh dkuwu O;oLFkk dh leL;k osQ lek/ku gsrqA ekU;oj] fouezrk iwoZd fuosnu ;g gS fd jk"V h; jkt/kuh {ks=k fnYyh esa dkuwu ,oa lkekftd fu;eksa ,oa vkn'kks dh fLFkfr fnuksa&fnu fcxM+rh tk jgh gSA vlkekftd rRo [kqys vke gfFk;kj ysdj ywV&ikV] gR;k] vigj.k rFkk cykRdkj tSlh f?kukSuh gjdrksa esa fyIr gks jgs gSaA dkuwu dk [kkSiQ fd, cxSj os viuh /`"Vrk dk ifjp; nsrs gq, nnZukd ?kVukvksa dks vatke nsrs jgrs gSaA dkuwu gj le; mudh eqV~Bh esa jgrk gSA lkekftd fu;eksa dh ijokg gksus dk rks iz'u gh ugha mBrkA ,sls esa lekt osQ lH;] f'k"V ,oa Hkksys&Hkkys yksxksa fo'ks"kdj efgykvksa dk thou d"Viw.kZ ,oa Hk;iw.kZ gks x;k gSA igys rks budh f'kdk;r djus ij gR;k gksus ;k vatke Hkqxrus dk Mj cuk jgrk gS] nwljs ;fn dksbZ lkgl djosQ budh f'kdk;r djus {ks=kh; iqfyl dk;kZy; tkrk gS rks ogk f'kdk;r gh ugha fy[kh tkrhA ,sls esa ge lHkh yksx vlgk; gksdj ykSV vkrs gSaA ^ifj=kk.kk; lk/wuke* rFkk ^ge gSa vkiosQ lkFk lnSo* okyh lqanj mfDr;k Hkzked ,oa fn[kkok&lh izrhr gksus yxh gSA vr% vkils fuosnu gS fd vius v/huLFk vf/dkfj;ksa dks l[r vkns'k nsdj fnYyh tSls lqanj ,oa fo'o fo[;kr 'kgj dks bu vlkekftd rRoksa ls eqDr djkus dh ik djsaA l/U;okn! Hkonh; euh"k 'kekZ v ;{k] {ks=k lq/kj lfefr d-[k-x- iqje~] fnYyh fnukad -------------------163 iz-la- iz'u vad vFkok 4- lsok esa dk;Zikyd vfHk;ark fon~;qr cksMZ] ihreiqjk] ubZ fnYyh&110088 fo"k;% fctyh osQ [kjkc ehVj dh f'kdk;r gsrqA egksn;] bl i=k osQ n~okjk eSa vkidk ;ku vius fctyh osQ ehVj dh vksj fnykuk pkgrk gw A eSa ihreiqjk dk fuoklh gw A foxr rhu eghus ls esjs edku esa yxk fctyh dk ehVj can iM+k gSA blosQ fo"k; esa eaSus ehVj jhMj ls vusd ckj fjiksVZ dh gS] ysfdu mUgksaus vHkh rd dksbZ dk;Zokgh ugha dhA vuqeku osQ vk/kj ij gh fon~;qr cksMZ dh vksj ls fcy fn;k tkrk gS ftls eSa tek djok nsrk gw ] ysfdu okLro esa esjs ?kj esa fctyh dh [kir fdruh gksrh gS] bldk vkdyu lgh ugha gks ik jgk gSA esjk vkils vuqjks/ gS fd vki bl ehVj dks Bhd djokus dh O;oLFkk djok, D;ksafd eSa vuqekfur vfrfjDr O;; ogu djus esa vleFkZ gw A esjs i=k osQ lkFk xr rhu eghuksa osQ fcyksa dh izfr;k layXu gSaA /U;okn! Hkonh; (gLrk{kj -----------------) e/qj nRrk d-[k-x- uxj] fnYyh fnukad %---------------------- 5- euq"; ,d lkekftd izk.kh gSA mls lef"V :i esa lekt] ns'k] varjkZ"V h; Lrj ij izkIr Hkkoksa] 5 fopkjksa] lwpukvksa dk vknku&iznku djus osQ fy, oqQN ek ;eksa dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA ftu ek ;eksa n~okjk lwpukvksa o fopkjksa dks turk rd igq pk;k tkrk gS] mUgsa tulapkj ek ;e dh laKk nh tkrh gSA tulapkj osQ ek ;eksa esa baVjusV ,d l'kDr ek ;e gSA baVjusV lalkj dk lcls uohu] yksdfiz; ek ;e gSA ;g ,d ,slk ek ;e gS] ftlesa fiazV ek ;e] jsfM;ks] Vsyhfotu] iqLrd] flusek] iqLrdky; lHkh osQ xq.k lekfgr gSaA baVjusV us lapkj dh uohu laHkkouk, o vuqla/ku osQ u, ekxZ iz'kLr fd, gSaA 164 iz-la- iz'u baVjusV ij lekpkj&i=k dk izdk'ku gh baVjusV i=kdkfjrk dgykrk gSA ;g nks :iksa esa gksrh gSA baVjusV osQ Lo:i o fodkl osQ vk/kj ij bldk le; (dky) foHkktu fuEufyf[kr izdkj ls fd;k tk ldrk gS & ( i) izFke pj.k dk le; lu~ 1982 ls 1992 rd (ii) n~forh; pj.k dk le; lu~ 1993 ls 2001 rd (iii) r`rh; pj.k dk le; lu~ 2002 ls vc rd Hkkjr esa baVjusV nwljs pj.k ij gSA Hkkjr esa bldk igyk pj.k 1993 ls rFkk nwljk pj.k 2003 ls 'kq: ekuk tk ldrk gSA orZeku le; esa i=kdkfjrk dh n`f"V ls ^fganqLrku VkbEl*] ^VkbEl vkWiQ bafM;k*]^bafM;u ,Dlizsl*] ^fganw*] fV C;wu] LVsV~leSu] ikW;fu;j] ,uMhVhoh] th U;wt rFkk vkt rd dh lkbVsa Js"B o miyC/ gSaA Hkkjr esa vius iw.kZ lkeF;Z osQ lkFk rhu lkbVksa us osc i=kdkfjrk osQ :i esa vius dne tek, gSa & jhfMiQ MkWVdkWe] bafM;kbaiQksykbu o lhiQhA jhfMiQ Hkkjr dh izkbe lkbV gS] tks fo'kq i=kdkfjrk djus dk Js; izkIr dj pqdh gSA fgUnh esa usV i=kdkfjrk dk izkjaHk osc nqfu;k osQ lkFk gqvkA izHkklk{kh lekpkj&i=k fiazV :i esa miyC/ ugha gSA ;g osQoy baVjusV ij gh miyC/ gSA vkt i=kdkfjrk dh n`f"V ls fgUnh dh loZJs"B lkbV chchlh gSA fgUnh osc lalkj esa ^vuqHkwfr* ^vfHkO;fDr*] fgUnh usLV rFkk ljk; tSlh if=kdk, mPp dksfV dk dk;Z dj jgh gSaA fgUnh osc i=kdkfjrk esa lcls cM+h ck/k fgUnh osQ iQkSaV dh gSA vkt rd dksbZ ,d ekud ^dh&cksMZ* fufeZr ugha gks ik;k gSa Mk;ufed iQkSaV osQ vHkko esa vf/drj fgUnh dh lkbVsa [kksyus esa ge l{ke ugha gks ikrsA tc rd dh&cksMZ dk ekudhdj.k ugha gksxk] rc rd gesa ,slh leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+sxkA vFkok i=kdkfjrk osQ fodkl esa ftKklk dk Hkko izcy gksrk gSA bldk laca/ lelkef;d vkSj okLrfod ?kVukvksa o leL;kvksa ls gSA bldk eq[; m s'; ikBdksa dks lekt] ns'k rFkk fons'k esa gks jgh xfrfof/;ksa dk ifjp; nsdj tkx:d cukuk gSA blosQ izeq[k fl kUr gSa & rF;ksa dh 'kq rk] oLrqijdrk] fu"i{krk] larqyu ,oa lzksrA i=kdkfjrk osQ izeq[k izdkj gSa & [kkstijd i=kdkfjrk] fo'ks"kh r & i=kdkfjrk] okpMkWx i=kdkfjrk] ,MoksosQlh i=kdkfjrk rFkk oSdfYid i=kdkfjrkA i=kdkfjrk esa lk{kkRdkj ysus gsrq i=kdkj ;g lqfuf'pr djrk gS fd fdl O;fDr fo'ks"k ls D;k&D;k ckrsa djuh gSa vkSj og muosQ mRrj D;k nsrk gSA blls turk esa mlosQ izfr cuh Hkkouk ;k nqHkkZouk 165 vad iz-la- iz'u vad dk Li"Vhdj.k gks tkrk gSA bl lk{kkRdkj 'kSyh ls O;fDr fo'ks"k osQ euksHkkoksa dks iz'uksRrj 'kSyh esa tu&tu rd igq pkdj mudh ftKklk dks 'kkar fd;k tkrk gSA i=kdkfjrk ikjn'kZd gksrh gS vkSj gksuh Hkh pkfg,A blosQ okgd ;FkkFkZ dks tu&lkekU; rd igq pkrs gSA ,slh ikjn'kZd rFkk ;FkkFkZ osQ /ajkry ij [kM+h i=kdkfjrk dh viuh ,d lk[k cu tkrh gS] tks lk{kkRdkj esa fo'okl izkIr dj ysrh gSA i=kdkfjrk dh bl lk[k dks cuk, j[kus osQ fy, ikBd ;k Jksrkvksa dks lR; ?kVuk ls lk{kkRdkj djkuk pkfg,A blesa eux<ar pqVhyh [kcjksa ls cp tkrs gSa] nwljs vius xzkgdksa osQ Kku foKku osQ lkFk&lkFk euksjatu ls lacaf/r mudh t:jrksa dk ;ku j[kk tk ldrk gSA bldh Hkk"kk&lgt] ljy] jkspd o izHkko'kkyh gksrh gSA 6 ( i) foKku osQ {ks=k esa dke dj jgh Hkkjr dh nks laLFkkvksa osQ uke fuEufyf[kr gSa & 1 (d) fMisaQl fjlpZ ,.M MsoyiesUV vkWxZukbts'kuA ([k) lsaV y Lisl fjlpZ vkWxZukbts'ku (ii) jsfM;ks lekpj dh nks fo'ks"krk, fuEufyf[kr gSa & 1 (d) jsfM;ks lekpkj ewyr% ,d js[kh; (yhfu;j) ek ;e gSA ([k) jsfM;ks lekpkj ys[ku dh lajpuk myVk fijkfeM 'kSyh ij vk/kfjr gSA (iii) Hkkjr esa izFke Nkik[kkuk lu~ 1556 esa] xksok jkT; esa [kqyk FkkA 1 (iv) iQhpj osQ nks izdkj fuEufyf[kr gSa & 1 (d) [kkstijd iQhpj ([k) O;fDr fp=k iQhpj (v) i=kdkjksa osQ nks izdkjksa osQ uke fuEufyf[kr gSa & 1 (d) iw.kZdkfyd i=kdkj ([k) va'kdkfyd ,oa Lora=k i=kdkj 7 1947 ----------------------------------------- jg ldrs gksA 8 dkO;ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k lanHkZ & dfork vkSj dfo dk uke 1 dfork dk izlax 1 O;k[;k & O;k[;s; fcanqvksa dk Li"Vhdj.k 4 fo'ks"k dkO; iafDr;ksa dh f'kYixr fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k 1 Hkk"kk 'kq rk vkSj vfHkO;fDr 'kSyh 1 & 166 iz-la- iz'u izlax & izLrqr iafDr;k gekjh ikB~;iqLrd ^varjk Hkkx&2* esa ladfyr fo".kq [kjs dh dfork ^,d de* ls vorfjr gSaA bl dfork osQ ek ;e ls dfo us Lok/hurk osQ ckn Hkkjrh; lekt esa izpfyr gks jgh thou 'kSyh dks js[kkafdr fd;k gSA blls iwjs ns'k dk ;k dgsa fd vkLFkkoku] bZekunkj vkSj laosnu'khy turk dk eksgHkax gqvk gSA vkilh fo'okl] HkkbZpkjs dk LFkku /ks[kk/M+h vkSj vkilh [khprku us ys fy;k gSa ,sls ekgkSy esa dfo Lo;a dks vleFkZ ikrs gq, Hkh bZekunkjksa osQ izfr viuh lgkuqHkwfr Li"V :i ls j[krk gSA og fdlh osQ thou&la?k"kZ esa ck/d ugha cuuk pkgrkA bl izdkj og de ls de ,d O;o/ku rks de dj ldrk gSA O;k[;k & dfo dgrk gS fd eSaus 1947 osQ ckn (Lora=krk izkfIr osQ ckn) cgqr ls yksxksa dks vius&vius rjhdksa ls vkRe&fuHkZj gksrs ns[kk gSA os yksx xyr gFkdaMs viukdj ekykeky gks x, gSaA eSaus mUgsa mUufr osQ iFk ij vkxs c<+rs ns[kk gSA yksxksa us vkfFkZd laiUurk osQ fy, >wB] Ny&diV] csbZekuh] /ks[kk/M+h vkfn dk jkLrk viuk fy;kA pkjksa vksj LokFkZijrk dk okrkoj.k curk pyk x;kA bl ekgkSy esa bZekunkj yksx nwljksa osQ vkxs gkFk iSQykus dks foo'k gks x, gSaA tc dksbZ iPphl iSls] ,d pk; ;k nks jksVh osQ fy, gkFk iSQykrk gS] rc dfo tku ysrk gS fd mlds vkxs gkFk iSQykus okyk O;fDr bZekunkj vkneh] vkSjr ;k cPpk [kM+k gSA mlosQ gkFk iSQykus esa ;g Lohdkj djus dk Hkko gS fd eSa foo'k gw ] ,d daxky ;k dks<+h gw A vFkok ;g Hkko gksrk gS fd eSa vPNk Hkyk LoLFk gw dkepksj vkSj ,d lk/kj.k /ks[ksckt gw A rkRi;Z ;g gS fd Hkh[k ek xus okyk ;k rks okLro esa vR;ar ykpkj gksrk gS vFkok LoLFk gksrs gq, Hkh dkepksj ;k NksVk&eksVk /ks[ksckt gks ldrk gSA ij og viuk vlyh :i fcuk fdlh /ks[ks osQ izdV dj nsrk gSA dfo dgrk gS fd ml ;kpd osQ eu esa ;g Loh fr dk Hkko Hkh gksrk gS fd eSa iw.kZ :i ls rqEgkjs ladkspiwoZd ;k yTtk osQ lkFk vFkok ijs'kku gksdj ;k ksf/r gksdj fn, x, nku osQ lgkjs gh thfor gw vFkok mldk thou nwljksa osQ nku ij gh fuHkZj gS] pkgs nku nsrs le; euq"; osQ eu esa oSQlh Hkh Hkkouk jgh gksA bl rjg gkFk iSQykrs gq, og ;g Hkko izdV dj nsrk gS fd eSaus rqEgkjs lkeus] vkRelEeku dks [kks fn;k gS] eSaus yTtk dk Hkh R;kx dj fn;k gS vkSj eSaus lkjh vkdka{kkvksa dks Hkh NksM+ fn;k gSA bl izdkj eSaus gj izfrLi/kZ ls Lo;a dks gVk fy;k gSA eSa rqEgkjk fojks/h] izfr}a}h ;k fgLlsnkj ugha gw vFkkZr~ /u dekus dh ykylk] mUufr osQ jkLrs ls Lo;a dks gVk fy;k gSA eSa rqEgkjh jkg dk ck/ d ugha gw A rqe pkgs oqQN nks ;k u nks ijUrq de ls de ,d vkneh ls rks fparkeqDr jg ldrs gks vFkkZr~ rqEgsa eq>ls dksbZ [krjk ugha gSA fo'ks"k & vktknh osQ ckn dh fLFkfr ls eksgHkax gqvk gSA O;atuk 'kfDr dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA iPphl iSls] daxky ;k dks<+h] uaxk fuyZTt] gj gksM+ esa vuqizkl vyadkj gSA 167 vad iz-la- iz'u 'kCn&p;u vR;ar lVhd gSA vad dfork eqDr Nan esa gSA vFkok izlax & izLrqr loS;k gekjh ikB~;iqLrd varjk Hkkx&2 osQ ^vaxn* uked 'kh"kZd ls mn~/`r gSA blosQ jpf;rk osQ'konkl th gSA bl loS;k esa Hkxoku jke osQ izrki ls vufHkK jko.k dks mldh iRuh eanksnjh vusd mnkgj.k nsdj le>k jgh gS fd jke egkizrkih jktk gS muls 'k=kqrk er djksA O;k[;k & jko.k dh iRuh eanksnjh jko.k dks le>krh rFkkJhjke osQ izrki dk o.kZu djrh gqbZ dgrh gS fd Jh jke osQ lsod guqeku us bl cM+s leqnz dks yk ?k fy;k Fkk ijUrq rqe ls y{e.k n~okjk [khaph xbZ ,d js[kk rd ugha yk ?kh xbZA rqe canj (guqeku) dks ck /uk pkgrs Fks] ijUrq rqe ls og Hkh ugha ck /k tk ldk] tcfd Jh jke osQ canjksa us lkxj dks ck / dj]iqy cukdj jkLrk cuk fy;k FkkA eanksnjh dgrh gS fd gs nldaB jko.k! bruk lc oqQN gksus ij Hkh rqEgsa Jhjke osQ izrki dh ckr ekywe ugha iM+ ldh gSA rqe rsy vkSj diM+ksa ls ml ckuj dh iw N esa vkx yxkuk pkgrs Fks] og Hkh ugha gks ldk myVs og iw N yadk dks gh tyk xbZA Hkko&lkSan;Z & Jh j?kqukFk th dk izrki vkSj muosQ xq.kksa dks eanksnjh le> pqdh FkhA og jko.k ls 'k=kqrk R;kx dj le>kSrk dj ysus esa gh HkykbZ le>us yxh FkhA bl loS;k esa mlus jko.k dks ;gh le>k;k gSA f'kYi&lkSn a ;Z 12- tjh&trjh esa ;ed vyadkj gSA 3- loS;k Nan gSA 4- y{k.kk 'kCn 'kfDr gSA 58 vuqizkl vyadkj dh NVk n'kZuh; gSA cztHkk"kk gSA nks iz'uksa ds m kj visf{kr (3+3) d- lR; dh igpku osQ fy, mls ge viuh vkRek esa [kkstsaA lR; osQ izfr la'k; dk foLrkj gksus osQ ckotwn og gekjh vkRek dh vkarfjd 'kfDr gSA gesa fujarj ifjorZuksa dks n`f"V esa j[krs gq, lR; dh igpku djus dk iz;kl djuk pkfg,A oSls lR; dk dksbZ fLFkj :i ;k igpku ugha gSA gekjh vUrjkRek gh lR; dh igpku djkrh gSA [k- bl iafDr dk eeZ ;g gS fd jke dk Lej.k djosQ ekrk dkS'kY;k fp=kor~ eu% fLFkfr esa vk tkrh 168 6 iz-la- iz'u vad gSA og b/j&m/j fgyrh&Mqyrh rd ughaA og pfdr&lh jg tkrh gSA ftl izdkj fp=k esa dksbZ vk fr fLFkj jgrh gS] ogh n'kk dkS'kY;k dh gks xbZA tks dkS'kY;k vHkh rd jkedh oLrqvksa dks ns[kdj vkSj jke osQ cpiu dk Lej.k djosQ eqX/koLFkk esa Fkh] ogh jke osQ ou&xeu dks ;kn djosQ fLFkj fp=k&lh gks tkrh gSA x- ^ljkst&Le`fr* dfork ,d 'kksd & xhr gSA blesa dfo viuh fnoaxr iq=kh ljkst dh vkdfLed e`R;q ij 'kksd izdV djus osQ lkFk&lkFk viuh foo'krk dks izdV djrk gSA og Lo;a dks ,d firk osQ :i esa vdeZ.; ikrk gSA og iq=kh osQ izfr oqQN Hkh u dj ikus dks dkslrk gSA bl dfork osQ ek ;e ls dfo dk viuk thou&la?k"kZ Hkh izdV gqvk gSA firk osQ :i esa dfo osQ foyki esa mls dHkh 'koqQaryk dh ;kn vkrh gS rks dHkh viuh LoxhZ;k iRuh dhA mls iq=kh osQ jax&:i esa viuh iRuh osQ jax&:i dh >yd feyrh gSA dfo iq=kh dk ikyu&iks"k.k Lo;a ugha dj ik;kA blosQ fy, mls viuh llqjky (ljkst dh ukuh] ekek&ekeh) dh 'kj.k esa tkuk iM+kA ;g Hkh dfo osQ ekufld nq%[k dk dkj.k gSA dfo dk leLr thou nq%[k dh dFkk cudj jg x;k vkSj og mls dgus esa vleFkZrk dk vuqHko djrk gSA 9 fdUgha nks dk dkO; lkSan;Z visf{kr Hkko&lkSan;Z (3+3) f'kYi&lkSn a ;Z d- ;gk y{e.k }kjk iapoVh osQ egkRE; dk lqanj o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA y{e.k iapoVh dh iz'kalk djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd bl iapoVh osQ lehi vkrs gh nq%[k dh pknj iQV tkrh gS vFkkZr~ lkjs nq%[k nwj gks tkrs gSaA ;gk ij diVh O;fDr ?kM+h Hkj ugha Bgj ldrk D;ksafd bldh vikj 'kksHkk osQ dkj.k mlosQ Hkko Hkh lkfRod gks tkrs gSaA ;gk vkdj txr osQ izkf.k;ksa dh e`R;q osQ izfr #fp ?kV tkrh gS vFkkZr~ ;gk vkdj dksbZ Hkh ejuk ugha pkgrk] D;ksafd iapoVh dk lkSan;Z ns[kdj euq"; dks vikj vkuan feyrk gSA ;gk rks ;ksfx;ksa dh ;ksxkoLFkk NwV tkrh gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd ;ksx&lk/uk esa ftl izdkj dk vkuan izkIr gksrk gS] mlls Hkh vf/d vkuan iapoVh osQ lkSan;Z dks fugkjus esa fey tkrk gSA fo'ks"k% 1- iapoVh dh 'kksHkk dk euksgkjh fp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA 2- vyadkj % vuqizkl] miek] :id 3- Hkk"kk % czt 4- jl % 'kkar 5- xq.k % izlkn [k- tuuh ------------------------ lokjsA Hkko&lkSan;Z % ekrk dkS'kY;k jke osQ cpiu dh phtksa dks ns[kdj vkSj Lej.k djosQ vR;ar O;koqQy 169 6 iz-la- iz'u vad gks tkrh gSaA ;s phtsa mudh osnuk dks c<+kus esa m hiu dk dke djrh gSaA os Jhjke osQ cpiu osQ NksVs&NksVs /uq"k ck.k dks ns[krh gSaA Jhjke dh 'kS'kodkyhu twfr;ksa dks ns[kdj mUgsa ckj&ckj vius n; vkSj us=kksa ls yxkrh gSaA os ;g Hkwy tkrh gSa fd vc muosQ iq=k Jhjke ;g ugha gSa vkSj os igys dh rjg fiz; opu cksyrh gqbZ jke osQ 'k;u d{k esa tkrh gSa vkSj mUgsa txkrs gq, dgrh gSa & gs iq=k] mBksA rqylhnkl th dk dguk gS fd ekrk dkS'kY;k dh bl fLFkfr dk o.kZu 'kCnksa esa ugha fd;k tk ldrkA mudh n'kk rks ml eksjuh osQ leku gS tks izlUu gksdj ukprh jgrh gSa ij tc var esa og vius iSjksa dh vksj ns[krh gS rks jks iM+rh gSaA ;gh n'kk dkS'kY;k dh gSA fo'ks"k% 1- ekrk dkS'kY;k dh v/Zfof{kIrkoLFkk dk ekfeZd fp=k.k gqvk gSA 2- okRlY; jl dk izHkkoh fp=k.k gSA 3- ckj&ckj esa iqu#fDr izdk'k vyadkj gSaA 4- czt Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx gSA x- dkO;&lkSan;Z Hkko&lkSan;Z % bu iafDr;ksa esa dfo us O;fDr osQ izrhd osQ :i esa nhid dks fy;k gSA ;g crk;k x;k gS fd ;g nhid iz fr osQ vuq:i gS] LokHkkfod :i ls Lo;a mRiUu gqvk gSA ;g cz vFkkZr~ lfPpnkuan Lo:i txr dk ewy gSA ;g ^v;qr* vFkkZr~ lcls i`Fkd (vyx) vfLrRo okyk gSA nhid osQ izrhd osQ }kjk crk;k x;k gS fd O;fDr vius vki esa ifjiw.kZ ,oa loZxq.k laiUu gS] ij iafDr ;k lekt esa foy; gksus ij bldh lkFkZdrk ,oa mi;ksfxrk c<+ tk,xhA ;g mldh l kk dk lkoZHkkSehdj.k gS & O;f"V dk lef"V esa foy; gS] vkRecks/ dk fo'o cks/ esa :ikarj.k gSA f'kYi&lkSan;Z & bu iafDr;ksa esa nhi dh miek vusd oLrqvksa ls nh xbZ gSA izrhdkRedrk dk lekos'k gSA nhid O;fDr dk rFkk ^iafDr* lekt dk izrhd gSA yk{kf.kdrk dk iz;ksx n'kZuh; gSA ^Lusg* 'kCn esa 'ys"k vyadkj gSA rRle 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gSA 10 xn~;ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k 6 lanHkZ & ikB vkSj ys[kd dk uke 1 iwokZij lanHkZ 1 170 iz-la- iz'u vad O;k[;k &izeq[k O;k[;s; fcanqvksa dk Li"Vhdj.k 3 fo'ks"k &fo'ks"k fVIi.kh vkSj Hkk"kk 'kSyh xr fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k 1 /eZ osQ jgL; -------------------- ugha gSA izlax % izLrqr xn~;ka'k ia- panz/j 'kekZ xqysjh }kjk jfpr y?kq fuca/ ^lqfefjuh osQ euosQ* 'kh"kZd osQ varxZr ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA blesa ys[kd us /eZ osQ jgL; dks tkuus ij /eZ mins'kdksa }kjk yxk, x, izfrca/ksa dks ?kM+h osQ n`"Vkar }kjk cM+s gh jkspd <ax ls izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA O;k[;k & /ekZpk;ks dk dFku gksrk gS fd izR;sd euq"; dks /eZ osQ jgL; osQ tkuus dh bPNk ugha djuh pkfg,A ;g jgL; vR;ar xw<+ gS vr% bls mUgha rd (/ekZpk;ks rd) gh lhfer jguk Bhd gSA (D;ksafd os Lo;a dks /eZ dk BsosQnkj ekurs gSaA) lkekU; yksxksa osQ fy, rks bruk gh dkiQh gS fd mUgsa /eZ osQ ckjs esa ftruk crk;k tk, mlh dks dku esa <kydj lqu ysa] T;knk dh bPNk u djsa vFkkZr~ /ekZpk;Z ftruk crkuk pkgsa] ogh muosQ fy, i;kZIr gSaA yksx mudh ckrksa ij rkfy;k ihV nsa] ;g dkiQh gSA ys[kd ;gk ?kM+h dh n`"Vkar (mnkgj.k) nsrk gSA ?kM+h le; crkrh gS] /ekZpk;Z Hkh /eZ osQ ckjs esa crkrs gSaA ;fn vkidks ?kM+h ns[kuk u vkrk gks rks fdlh vU; ?kM+h ns[kuk tkuus okys ls le; iwN ldrs gSa] /ekZpk;Z Hkh /eZ osQ ckjs esa crkrs gSaA ?kM+h Bhd djus dk dke ?kM+hlkt gh dj ldrk gSA ;gh mnkgj.k osn&'kkL=k osQ Kkrk /ekZpk;Z vius i{k dks lgh fl djus osQ fy, nsrs gSaA vke vkneh dks rks /eZ dh tkudkjh /ekZpk;ks ls gh ysuh pkfg,A mUgsa ftl izdkj ?kM+h osQ iqtks ls eryc ugha mlh izdkj /eZ osQ jgL;ksa ls Hkh eryc ugha gksuk pkfg,A fo'ks"k % 1- ys[kd us ?kM+h dk n`"Vkar nsdj /ekZpk;ks ij djkjk O;aX; fd;k gSA 2- ys[kd us jkspd ,oa lqcks/ 'kSyh dk vuqlj.k fd;k gSA vFkok ;fn --------------------------------------------------- Hkj nsrk gSA izlax % izLrqr iafDr;k ^jkefoykl 'kekZ* }kjk jfpr ^^;FkkLeS jksprs fo'oe~** ls vorfjr gSaA blesa ys[kd us dfo dh fuekZ.kdkjh Hkwfedk ij izdk'k Mkyk gSA O;k[;k % ys[kd crkrk gS fd dfo rks iztkifr osQ leku lekt dk uo&fuekZ.k djrk gSA lekt esa ekuo&laca/ oSls ugha gS tSls dfo pkgrk gSA bu laca/ksa dks lq/kjus osQ fy, iztkifr osQ nkf;Rp dk fuokZg djuk iM+rk gSA lekt dh orZeku fLFkfr osQ izfr mlosQ eu esa vlarks"k jgrk gSa lkfgR; dh jpuk osQ ewy esa ;s ekuo&laca/ gh gksrs gSaA dfo rks fo/krk rd dks ugha c['krkA lkfgR;&l`tu djrs le; og fo/krk dks Hkh ekuo&laca/ksa osQ nk;js esa [khap ykrk gSA ,slh n'kk esa dfo dk iztkifr :i eq[kfjr gks mBrk gSA rc dfo lekt osQ Hkfo"; dks ns[kus okyk cudj rFkk fu;ked osQ :i esa tulk/kj.k osQ eu esa 'kkld oxZ osQ izfr m kstd vk ks'k dks ok.kh nsrk 171 iz-la- iz'u vad gSA tks yksx 'kklu osQ Hk;o'k viuh ckr ugha dg ikrs] og (dfo) mUgsa izsj.kk nsdj mRlkfgr djrk gSA og Lora=krk osQ xhr xkdj izsj.kk nsrk gS rFkk ekuo :ih i{kh osQ iSjksa esa u;k mRlkg Hkj nsrk gSA bl izdkj mldk iztkifr :i mHkj vkrk gSA fo'ks"k % 12- rRle 'kCn iz/ku Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA 311 ys[kd us dfo dh iztkifr okyh Hkwfedk dh vko';drk ,oa eg o ij izdk'k Mkyk gSA 'kSyh esa dkO;kRedrk dk xq.k gSA nks iz'uksa ds m kj visf{kr (3+3) 6 d- 'kqDy th us pkS/jh lkgc osQ O;fDrRo dks cgqeq[kh izfrHkk dk /uh crk;k gSa os ,d jbZl ifjokj osQ Fks vkSj mudh gj vnk ls cM+Iiu >ydrk FkkA da/ksa ij muosQ cky muosQ O;fDrRo esa pkj pk n yxk jgs FksA mudh ok.kh esa foy{k.k ck diu FkkA dfo okeukpk;Z fxfj th us pkS/jh lkgc osQ ckyksa ls izsj.kk ysdj dfork iwjh dj nh FkhA pkS/jh lkgc fouksnh LoHkko osQ Hkh FksA mUgsa cky j[kus dk cM+k 'kkSd FkkA os ckrphr dh dyk esa cgqr oqQ'ky FksA os vius ?kj esa ns'kt Hkk"kk esa cfr;krs FksA mudk iwjk uke pkS/jh izse/u Fkk] tks fgUnh txr esa viuh lkfgR; vkSj O;fDrRo dh vfeV Nki NksM+ x,A [k- 'ksj osQ eq g osQ vanj tks Hkh taxyh tkuoj ,d ckj tkrk gS] mldk vfLrRo lekIr gks tkrk gSA og ogk ls iqu% ykSVdj dHkh ugha vkrkA vk/qfud jkstxkj dk;kZy; (n rj) esa yksx ukSdjh (jkstxkj) dh vk'kk esa ogk pDdj dkVrs jgrs gSa] ijUrq mUgsa ogk ls dHkh ukSdjh ugha feyrhA ij bruk varj vo'; gS fd jkstxkj n rj mUgsa 'ksj osQ eq g dh Hkk fr fuxydj mudk vfLrRo lekIr ugha dj nsrk gSA x- ogk tks ikuh Hkjk gqvk Fkk ck<+ ugha] ikuh esa Mwcs /ku osQ [ksr FksA os FkksM+h lh fgEer cVksjdj xk o osQ Hkhrj pys] rc os vkSjrsa fn[kkbZ nh tks ,d ik r esa >qdh gqbZ /ku osQ ikS/s Ni&Ni ikuh esa jksi jgh FkhA lqanj] lqMkSy] /wi esa pepekrh dkyh Vk xsa vkSj fljksa ij pVkbZ osQ fd'rhuqek gSV] tks iQksVks ;k fiQYeksa esa ns[ks gq, fo;rukeh ;k phuh vkSjrksa dh ;kn fnykrs FksA tjk&lh vkgV ikrs gh os ,d lkFk flj mBkdj pkSadh gqbZ fuxkgksa ls mUgsa ns[kk & fcYoqQy mu ;qok fgjf.k;ksa dh rjg] ftUgsa ys[kd us ,d ckj dkUgk osQ oU;LFky eas ns[kk FkkA 12 fdlh ,d ys[kd vFkok dfo dk thou ifjp; visf{kr gS& 6 (i) laf{kIr thou&ifjp; (ii) jpukvksa osQ ukeksa dk mYys[k] lkfgfR;d ;ksxnku (iii) nks dkO;xr vFkok Hkk"kk 'kSyhxr fo'ks"krkvksa dk Li"Vhdj.k 2 2 2 172 iz-la- iz'u lw;Zdkr f=kikBh ^fujkyk* thou ifjp; & lw;Zdkar f=kikBh ^fujkyk* dk tUe lu~ 1899 bZ- esa caxky esa esfnuhiqj ftys osQ efg"kkny jkT; esa gqvk FkkA buosQ firk iafMr jkelgk; f=kikBh efg"kkny jkT; esa lkekU; deZpkjh FksA pkSng o"kZ dh vk;q esa ^fujkyk* dk fookg euksgjk nsoh ls gqvk] fdUrq mudk ikfjokfjd thou lq[ke; ugha jgkA bUgksaus nq[k dks vR;ar fudV ls ns[kkA lu~ 1918 esa iRuh dh e`R;q gks xbZ vkSj mlosQ ckn firk] pkpk vkSj ppsjs HkkbZ ,d&,d dj py clsA var esa fiz; iq=kh ljkst dh e`R;q us rks muosQ n; osQ VqdM+s&VqdM+s dj fn,A bl izdkj ^fujkyk* thou Hkj wj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls la?k"kZ djrs jgsA lu~ 1961 esa mudk nsgkar gks x;kA dkO;xr fo'ks"krk, & lu~ 1916 esa fujkyk th dh izfln~/ dfork ^tqgh dh dyh* fy[kh xbZA fujkyk th eqDr Nan osQ izorZd ekus tkrs gSaA fujkyk dk izkjafHkd :i Nk;koknh gSA ckn esa os izxfroknh dfork, fy[kus yxsA muesa Hkkjrh; bfrgkl] n'kZu vkSj ijaijk dk O;kid cks/ gSA mUgksaus thou osQ ;FkkFkZ osQ fofHkUu i{kksa dk fp=k.k vR;ar oqQ'kyrk iwoZd fd;k gSA Hkkjrh; fdlku thou ls mudk fo'ks"k yxko jgk gSA Hkk"kk&'kSyh & fujkyk dh Hkk"kk [kM+h cksyh fgUnh gSA mudh Hkk"kk laL rfu"B gS ftlesa laf/ &lekl ;qDr fofo/ tkfr rFkk oU;kRed 'kCnksa dk izpqj ek=kk esa iz;ksx gqvk gSA muesa laxhr dk Loj Hkk"kk osQ izokg dks vkSj vf/d xfr iznku djrk gS rFkk ltx 'kCn&p;u Hkk"kk esa fp=kkRedrk mRiUu djrk gSA okD;ksa esa dlko] 'kCnksa esa ferO;f;rk vkSj vFkZ&l?kurk mudh dkO;&Hkk"kk dh fo'ks"krk, gSaA f'kYi osQ {ks=k esa Hkh mudk fonzksgh :i O;Dr gqvk gSA fo"k;oLrq osQ lkFk&lkFk f'kYi osQ Lrj ij Hkh mUgksaus fonzksg dk Loj cqyan fd;k gSA mUgksaus ijaijkxr Nanksa osQ ca/uksa dks rksM+dj eqDr Nan dh ?kks"k.kk dhA ,d vksj mUgksaus lkfgR; esa ca/uksa dk fojks/ fd;k rks nwljh vksj thou esa lkearh :f<+;ksa vkSj lkezkT;oknh o`f k;ksa dk MVdj lkeuk fd;kA bl izdkj fujkyk us ohjRo&O;atd LoPNanrkoknh Hkko&cks/ dks O;Dr fd;k gSA 'kCnksa dh ferO;;rk muosQ dkO; esa feyrh gSA jpuk, & vukfedk] ifjey] xhfrdk] rqylhnkl] oqQoqQjeqRrk] vf.kek] u, iRrs] csyk] vpZuk] vjk/ uk rFkk xhrxqat mudh dkO;& fr;k gSA dkO; osQ vfrfjDr mUgksaus xn~;&lkfgR; esa Hkh viuk ;ksxnku fn;k gSA vFkok t;'kadj izlkn thou&ifjp; % t;'kadj izlkn dk tUe mRrj izns'k osQ dk'kh (okjk.klh) uked LFkku ij lu~ 1888 bZ- esa gqvk FkkA bUgksaus laL r] vaxzsth] ikyh rFkk mnwZ Hkk"kk rFkk lkfgR; dk Lok ;k; }kjk xgu v ;;u fd;kA bfrgkl] n'kZu] /eZ'kkL=k ,oa iqjkrRo vkfn fo"k;ksa osQ ;s izdkaM iafMr jgs FksA izlkn th nwljksa dh fuank rFkk viuh iz'kalk ls lnSo nwj jgrs FksA budk LoHkko 'kkar ,oa xaHkhj FkkA 173 vad iz-la- iz'u ;s vR;f/d izfrHkk'kkyh FksA ewy :i ls dfo gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk bUgksaus ukVd] miU;kl] fuca/ ,oa dgkfu;ksa tSlh x| dh vU; fo/kvksa esa Hkh lkfgR; dks ;ksxnku fn;kA lu~ 1937 bZ- esa budh e`R;q gks xbZA dkO; jpuk, % (d) egkdkO;% dkek;uh ([k) [k.MdkO;% vk lw] izseifFkd vkSj egkjk.kk dk egRo (x) dkO;:id % d:.kky; (?k) pEiw&dkO; % moZ'kh ( ) xhfr&dkO;% dkuu&oqQlqe] fp=kk/kj] >juk vkSj ygjA ukVd % lTtu] dY;k.kh] LdanxqIr] pUnzxqIr] vtkr'k=kq vkfn miU;kl % dadky] frryh] bjkorh (viw.kZ) dgkuh&laxzg % Nk;k] izfr ofu] vkdk'knhi] vk /h] bUnztky fuca/ & laxzg % dkO; vkSj dyk rFkk vU; fuca/ dkO;&f'kYi % izlkn th osQ dkO; dk f'kYi&fo/ku vR;ar l{ke gSA mudk 'kCn&p;u rFkk okD;&foU;kl euksgj gSA yk{kf.kdrk] izrhdkRedrk rFkk fp=kkRedrk mudh dkO;&Hkk"kk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk, gSaA izlkn th dh dforkvksa ls oqQN mnkgj.k izLrqr gSaA vuyf'k[kk] jfDre] anu& ofu] funZ;rk] egknaHk dk nkuo rqjax vkfnA vyadkj&fo/ku % izlkn th us Nk;koknh dkO;&'kSyh osQ vuq:i ekuohdj.k dk vf/d iz;ksx fd;k gSA oSls ladfyr dforkvksa esa :id] miek] mRizs{kk] vuqizkl vkfn vyadkj Hkh i;kZIr :i esa iz;qDr gq, gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ & ekuohdj.k & ^feys pwers tc lfjrk osQ gfjr owQy ;qx e/qj v/j FksA* :id & ^ekul&lkxj osQ rV ijA* vuqizkl & ^d:.kk dfyr n; esaA* fojks/kHkkl & ^'khry&Tokyk tyrh gSA* 'kSyh % izlkn th us izcU/ 'kSyh ,oa eqDrd 'kSyh & nksuksa dk vuqlj.k fd;k gSA dkek;uh (egkdkO;) izca/ 'kSyh dk mnkgj.k gS rks ^vk lw* o ^v'kksd dh fpark* eqDrd 'kSyh esa jps x, gSaA ^vk lw* esa ec rk vo'; gSA 174 vad iz-la- iz'u izlkn th osQ dkO; esa fcEc fo/ku] vizLrqr fo/ku] laxhrkRedrk] fp=kkRedrk vkfn xq.k Hkh ik, tkrs gSaA iz fr fp=k.k esa os fln~/gLr gSaA vFkok gtkjh izlkn f}osnh thou&ifjp; % vkpk;Z gtkjh izlkn f}osnh dk tUe mRrj izns'k osQ cfy;k ftys esa vkjr nqcs dk Nijk esa 1907 bZ- esa gqvkA laL r egkfo|ky; dk'kh ls 'kkL=kh dh ijh{kk mRrh.kZ djus osQ ckn mUgksaus 1930 bZ- T;ksfr"k fo"k; esa T;ksfr"kkpk;Z dh mikf/ izkIr dhA Hkkjr ljdkj dh fgUnh fo"k;d vusd ;kstukvksa ls lac jgsA y[ku fo'ofo|ky; us mUgsa Mh fyV~ dh mikf/ ls vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj us in~eHkw"k.k vyadkj ls lEekfur fd;kA mudk fu/u 19 ebZ 1979 dks fnYyh esa gqvkA lkfgfR;d fo'ks"krk, % f}osnh th dk v ;;u & {ks=k cgqr O;kid FkkA laL r] izk r] viHkaz'k c xyk vkfn Hkk"kkvksa ,oa bfrgkl] n'kZu] laL fr] /eZ vkfn fo"k;ksa esa mudh fo'ks"k xfr FkhA os ijaijk osQ lkFk vk/qfud izxfr'khy ewY;ksa osQ leUo; esa fo'okl djrs FksA Hkk"kk&'kSyh % f}osnh th dh Hkk"kk ljy gksrs gq, Hkh izkaty ,oa izokg;qDr gS rFk Hkko O;atd HkhA Hkk"kk dh n`f"V ls mUgksaus fgUnh dh xn~; 'kSyh dks tks :i fn;k] og fgUnh lkfgR; osQ fy, ojnku gSA jpuk, % fgUnh fuca/dkjksa esa vkpk;Z jkeapnz 'kqDy osQ ckn f}osnh th dk izeq[k LFkku gSA os mPpdksfV ds fuca/dkj] vkykspd vkSj miU;kldkj FksA mudh jpuk, fuEufyf[kr gSa & fuca/ laxzg & v'kksd osQ iwQy] fopkj vkSj fordZ] dYiyrk] oqQVt] vkyksd ioZA vkykspukRed jpuk, & lwj&lkfgR;] dchj] fgUnh lkfgR; dh Hkwfedk] dkfynkl dh ykfyR;&;kstukA miU;kl & pk#panzys[k] ck.kHkV~V dh vkRedFkk] iquuZok vkSj vukenkl dk iksFkkA f}osnh th dh lHkh jpuk, gtkjh izlkn f}osnh xzaFkkoyh osQ X;kjg Hkkxksa esa ladfyr gSaA jkefoykl 'kekZ thou&ifjp; % MkW- jkefoykl 'kekZ dk tUe 10 vDrwcj 1912 bZ- dks mRrj izns'k osQ mUuko ftys osQ p xk o esa gqvkA vkius y[ku fo'ofo|ky; esa vaxzsth lkfgR; esa ,e-,- djus osQ ckn ih,p-Mh- dh mikf/ izkIr dh vkSj ogha vaxzsth foHkkx esa izk ;kid fu;qDr gks x,A ckn esa vki cyoar jktiwr dkWyst] vkxjk esa vaxzsth foHkkx osQ v ;{k fu;qDr gq,A lu~ 1971 osQ ckn oqQN le; rd ;s osQ-,e-eqa'kh fon~;kihB vkxjk osQ funs'kd jgsA vafre o"kks esa bUgksaus fnYyh esa jgdj fgUnh lkfgR;] lekt vkSj bfrgkl ls tqM+s fo"k;ksa esa ys[ku ,oa fparu fd;kA lu~ 2000 esa fnYyh esa budk fu/u gks x;kA 175 vad iz-la- iz'u vad jpuk, % jkefoykl 'kekZ th eq[;r% leh{kd osQ :i esa fo[;kr gSaA mUgksaus leh{kkRed fuca/ gh vf/d fy[ks gSaA mudh Lora=k vkykspukRed fr;ksa esa (izsepan vkSj mudk ;qx] fujkyk dh lkfgR;&lk/uk (rhu Hkkx)]Hkkjrsanq gfj'panz] Hkkjrsanq ;qx] vkSj fgUnh Hkk"kk dh fodkl ijaijk] egkohj izlkn f}osnh vkSj fgUnh uotkxj.k] Hkk"kk vkSj lekt] Hkkjr osQ izkphu Hkk"kk ifjokj vkSj fgUnh (rhu Hkkx) vkfn mYys[kuh; gaSA Hkkjr esa vaxzsth jkt vkSj ekDlZokn (nks [kaM) muosQ bfrgkl&cks/ dks izekf.kr djrh gSA vkRedFkk 'kSyh esa ^?kj dh ckr* mudh ,d vU; egRoiw.kZ jpuk gS ftlesa u osQoy muosQ ifjokj vkSj ifjtuksa dk yxHkx lkS o"kZ dk bfrgkl gS] cfYd bls fdlh lhek rd ml vof/ dk lkekftd bfrgkl Hkh dg ldrs gSaA lkfgfR;d ifjp; % jkefoykl 'kekZ dks vusd iqjLdkjksa ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA ^fujkyk dh lkfgR;&lk/uk* iqLrd ij mUgsa ^lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj* izkIr gqvkA vU; izfrf"Br iqjLdkjksa esa ^lksfo;r Hkwfe usg: iqjLdkj* mRrj izns'k ljdkj dk ^Hkkjr Hkkjrh iqjLdkj* vkSj fgUnh vdkneh] fnYyh dk ^'kykdk lEeku* mYys[kuh; gSA Hkk"kk&'kSyh % 'kekZ th dh fuac/&'kSyh dgha rks fopkjksRrstd vkSj dgha O;aX; iz/ku gSA Li"V dFku osQ dkj.k mudh 'kSyh esa dgha dchj tSlh vkstfLork vk tkrh gSA vius dF; dks Li"V djus osQ fy, mUgksaus mlh osQ vuqowQy Hkk"kk iz;qDr dh gSA mudks ijgst ugha gSA mudh Hkk"kk laL rfu"B] lgt] ljl ,oa fo"k;kuqowQy gSA 13 fdUgh rhu iz'uksa ds m kj visf{kr (3+3+3) 9 (d) ^lwjnkl dh >ksiM+h* ikB izsepan }kjk jfpr miU;kl jaxHkwfe dk ,d va'k gSA bl miU;kl dk uk;d lwjnkl gSA og miU;kl dh ,slh osQUnzh; /qjh gS] ftlosQ bnZ&fxnZ leLr dFkkpozQ ?kwerk gSA lwjnkl n`f"Vghu ,oa xjhc gSA og lkjh ftanxh Hkh[k ek xdj viuk thou&;kiu djrk gSA mlus yxHkx 500 #i;s dh iw th Hkh ,df=kr dj yh] ftls og iksVyh esa ck /dj j[krk FkkA lwjnkl l n; O;fDr gSA og ,d vukFk ckyd feBqvk dk ikyu&iks"k.k djrk gSA tc HkSajks viuh iRuh lqHkkxh dks ekjrk&ihVrk gS rc lwjnkl mls viuh >ksiM+h esa vkJ; nsrk gSA mldh blh l n;rk dk xyr vFkZ yxk;k tkrk gS vkSj mldh >ksiM+h dks vkx yxk nh tkrh gSA lwjnkl vkRefo'oklh gSA og feBqvk ls dgrk Hkh gS & ^^ge nwljk ?kj cuk, xs--- lkS yk[k ckj cuk, xsA** lwjnkl lgu'khy O;fDr gSA >ksiM+h esa vkx yx tkus ls mldk lc oqQN u"V gks tkrk gS] ij og lkjk uqdlku /S;ZiwoZd lg tkrk gSA lwjnkl Hkfo"; osQ izfr vk'kkoku cuk jgrk gSA og lc oqQN iqu% Bhd gks tkus dh vk'kk cuk, j[krk gSA ([k) ljdkj dkj[kkuksa o mn~;ksxksa dks 'kgj ls nwj [kqyh txgksa ij yxk,A xaxk] ;equk] xkserh vkfn ufn;ksa 176 iz-la- iz'u vad osQ ty dks 'kqn~/ cuk, j[kus osQ fy, dfVcn~/ jgsA fdlh izdkj dk iznwf"kr ty o dpjk bu ufn;ksa esa ugha tkuk pkfg,A fofHkUu&LFkkuksa ij cM+s&cM+s ;a=k yxkdj ty dks ihus ;ksX; cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A IykfLVd dh FkSfy;ksa osQ iz;ksx ij dM+kbZ ls izfrca/ yxkuk pkfg,A /jrh osQ c<+rs rkiozQe ij ljdkj dks lnSo lroZQ jguk gksxkA ljdkj dks vf/dkf/d o`{k yxkus pkfg, rHkh okrkoj.k dks 'kqn~/ j[kk tk ldrk gSA (x) ^vkjksg.k* dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk ioZrh; izns'k osQ yksxksa dh la?k"kZe;h tfVy] nq[kn ft+anxh dks O;Dr djuk gS ;n~;fi HkkSfrd mUufr vf/d gqbZ gS ysfdu eSnkuh bykdksa dh rqyuk esa mUgsa nSfud lqfo/k, Hkh izkIr ugha gSaA vf'k{kk] xjhch] csjkstxkjh] eg xkbZ] vkokxeu osQ lk/uksa dk vHkko & bu leL;kvksa osQ dkj.k mudk thou d"Viw.kZ chrrk gSA jkstxkj dk vHkko] Hkq[kejh] f"k ;ksX; tehu dk u gksuk & ;s fLFkfr;k cky etnwj iSnk djrh gSaA 1986 esa ckyJe fu"ks/ ,oa fu;eu dkuwu dks ljdkj n~okjk ykxw fd;k x;k Fkk ysfdu fiQj Hkh cky etnwjksa dh la[;k ns'k esa c<+rh gh tk jgh gSA (?k) ^fcLdksgj dh ekVh* jpuk fo'oukFk f=kikBh n~okjk fyf[kr vkRedFkk ^uaxkrykbZ dk ,d xk o* dk va'k gSA ys[kd us blesa xzkeokfl;ksa dh fo"kerkvksa dk o.kZu fd;k gSA xk o osQ yksxksa osQ ikl os lq[k&lqfo/k, ugha gS tks 'kgj osQ yksxksa osQ ikl gSa] mUgsa vusd leL;kvksa ls tw>uk iM+rk gS] tSls & ;krk;kr osQ lk/uksa dh deh] fctyh dk i;kZIr ek=kk esa u feyuk] flapkbZ osQ lk/uksa dk vHkko] vf'k{kk] jkstxkj dh deh] Hkq[kejh] fpfdRlk] lk/uksa dk le; ij u feyuk vkfnA ck<+] vdky vkfn foif k;ksa osQ le; mUgsa izk frd laink ij gh fuHkZj jguk iM+rk gSA xk o esa lk i] fcPNw rFkk vU; gkfudkjd tho gfj;kyh osQ dkj.k ik, tkrs gSaA dbZ yksxksa dh e`R;q lk i osQ dkVus osQ dkj.k gks tkrh gS ysfdu os fiQj Hkh xk o esa jgus o [ksrksa esa dke osQ dkj.k bu [krjksa dk lkeuk djus osQ fy, foo'k gSaA jksx dh fLFkfr esa mUgsa xk o esa izkIr tM+h&cwfV;ksa ls gh mipkj djuk iM+rk gS D;ksafd fpfdRlk laca/h lqfo/k, izkIr ugha gSaA o"kkZ osQ fnuksa esa ikuh dh fudklh dk izca/ u gksus ls ikuh ,d gh txg ,d=k gks tkrk gS ftlls chekfj;k iSQy tkus dk Hk; cuk jgrk gSA f'k{kk osQ vHkko esa xzkeh.k va/fo'oklh gks tkrs gSaA os fdlh Hkh izk frd foink] egkekjh dk laca/ Hkwr&izsrksa ls tksM+dj rkaf=kdksa osQ paxqy esa i Ql tkrs gSaA 14 fdlh ,d iz'u dk m kj visf{kr gSA ioZrkjksg.k & ioZrkjksg.k vkt Hkh izklafxd gS] ij ioZrksa ij p<+us osQ fy, osQoy fuHkhZdrk] ifjJe vkSj d"V >yus dh {kerk dh gh vko';drk ugha gksrhA okLro esa ioZrkjksg.k ,d dyk gSA iqjkus tekus esa yksx fo'ks"k rS;kjh ;k lkt&lkeku osQ fcuk] osQoy HkfDrHkko ls nsoh&nsorkvksa osQ iq.;/ke] bu nqxZe&pksfV;ksa osQ n'kZu osQ fy, tkrs jgs fdarq bl ;qx esa vusd laLFkkvksa esa ioZrkjksg.kksa dh f'k{kk nh tkrh gSA ogk f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa dks ciQhZys igkM+ksa dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj dfBukb;ksa dh 177 6 iz-la- iz'u vad tkudkjh djkbZ tkrh gSA mUgsa uohu midj.kksa dh iz;ksx&fof/ crkbZ tkrh gSA nkftZfyax dk ^fgeky; ioZrkjksg.k laLFkku* ,d ,slk gh vkn'kZ f'k{kk osQUnz gSA ioZrkjksg.k esa lcls mi;ksxh midj.k ciZQ dkVus dh oqQYgkM+h vFkok fge oqQBkj gksrk gSA bls vkjksgh dh rhljh Vk x gh le>uk pkfg,A blh osQ lgkjs vkjksgh vius dks vpkud fiQly tkus ls cpkrk gSA likV p<+kbZ ij bls ciZQ esa ?kqlkdj viuk larqyu dk;e j[krk gSA blh ls jkLrs dh ciZQ dkV&dkV dj lhf<+;k cukbZ tkrh gSaA vFkok fodkl dh vkS|ksfxd lH;rk mtkM+ dh vilH;rk gSA [kkmQ&mtkMw lH;rk us i;kZoj.k dk fouk'k fd;k gSA iz fr us gekjs fy, LoLFk ,oa lq[kn vkoj.k dk fuekZ.k fd;k Fkk] ijUrq euq"; us HkkSfrd lq[kksa dh gksM+ esa mls nwf"kr dj fn;k gSA orZeku le; esa 'kgjh lH;rk iznw"k.k dh leL;k ls f?kjh gqbZ gSA tSls&tSls oSKkfud midj.k c<+rs tk jgs gSa] oSls&oSls iznw"k.k dk [krjk Hkh c<+rk tk jgk gSA iznw"k.k osQ dkj.kksa dh [kkst djus ij izrhr gksrk gS fd va/k/qa/ o`{kksa dh dVkbZ] tula[;k esa vR;f/d o`f ] m|ksxksa dk vfu;fer iSQyko] fpefu;ksa ls vkcknh osQ e ; /qvk mxyuk ,oa ;krk;kr osQ lk/uksa dh vHkwriwoZ o`f vkfn gh blosQ fy, ftEesnkj gSaA dkj[kkuksa dk jklk;fud ty ufn;ksa esa Mky fn;k tkrk gSA 'kgjksa dk xank ikuh fcuk lkiQ fd, ufn;ksa esa feyk fn;k tkrk gSA okgu /qvk NksM+rs gSa vkSj ok;qe.My dks iznwf"kr djrs gSaA bl iznw"k.k ls vusd chekfj;k iuirh gSaA iznw"k.k dbZ izdkj dk gksrk gS & (1) ty&iznw"k.k (2) ok;q&iznw"k.k (3) Hkwfe&iznw"k.k (4) ofu iznw"k.kA ty euq"; dh cqfu;knh vko';drk gSA LoPN ty fujkin ihus dk ikuh u feyus osQ dkj.k vf/ dka'k yksx xaHkhj jksxksa dk f'kdkj gks jgs gSaA ty&iznw"k.k osQ fy, vf/drj dkj[kkus ftEesnkj gSaA ty esa vusd fo"kkDr rRo feydj mls vuqi;ksxh cukrs gSaA 'kgjksa osQ xans ukys Hkh ufn;ksa esa tkdj fxjrs gSaA blls mudk ty nwf"kr gksrk gSA ty&iznw"k.k osQ dkj.k isV osQ jksx c<+ jgs gSaA ok;q esa Hkh iznw"k.k iSQy jgk gSA okguksa }kjk NksM+ x;k /qvk rFkk dkj[kkuksa dh fpefu;ksa ls fudyk /qvk okrkoj.k dks nwf"kr djrk gSA okrkoj.k esas vkWDlhtu dh ek=kk c<+kus osQ fy, o`{kkjksi.k dks izkFkfedrk nh tkuh pkfg,A o`{k vkWDlhtu NksM+rs gSa vkSj dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM ysrs gSa] vr% ;g pozQ Bhd cuk jgrk gSA ouksa osQ laj{k.k ,oa lao/Zu }kjk ok;q&iznw"k.k dks jksdk tk ldrk gSA ok;q&iznw"k.k osQ dkj.k lk l osQ jksx c<+ jgs gSaA ofu&iznw"k.k Hkh 'kgjksa esa c<+rk tk jgk gSA clksa osQ gkWuZ rFkk e'khuksa osQ pyus ls mBus okyh Hkkjh doZQ'k vkokt ls ;g iznw"k.k c<+rk tk jgk gSA blls cgjsiu dk [krjk c<+ jgk gSA blls mPp jDrpki] rst flj nnZ] vfunzk vkfn jksx Hkh gks ldrs gSaA bl ij dkcw ik;k tkuk t:jh gSA 178 6 laL r vkn'kZ iz'ui=e~ dsfUnzde~ (Core) d{kk & }kn'kh XII iz'ui=L; :ijs[kk dksM la- % 322 iw.kkZ k % 100 [k.M uke iz'u la[;k [k.M% d vifBrka'k& vocks/kue~ 1v ]] l Hkkf"kdr ocks/k& ijh{k.ke~ iz'u izdkj% vfry?kw kj% y?kw kj% v l sr% iw.kkZ k % 4=2 10 1 2=2 1 4=4 vfry?kw kj% ]] 2=2 i=ys[kus vukSipkfjddk;Z& fo"k;oLrqcks/kjh{k.ke~ fjDrjFkkuiwfrZ vfry?kw kj% 10 5 vocks/kiwoZde~ okD;lajpukiz;ksx& ijh{k.ke~ fjDrjFkkuiwfrZ vfry?kw kj% 10 5 vocks/kiwoZde~ okD;fuekZ.ke~ y?kw kj% 10 5 5 okD;s"kq lfU/kPNsn& ijh{k.ke~ vuqiz;ksxkRed% vfry?kw kj% 1 6 6 6 okD;s"kq leLrinkuka foxzg% LFkwyk{kj& inkuka foxzg% vfry?kw kj% 1 6 6 2 3 4 [k.M% ^x* vuqiz;Dr& O;kdj.ke~ rF;cks/k&ijh{k.ke~ c n [k.M% ^[k* jpukRed%a dk;Ze~ iz'u&m s';e~ 'kh"kZd iznkue~ 15 179 [k.M uke [k.M% ^x* vuqiz;Dr& O;kdj.ke~ iz'u la[;k 7 8 vFkok 9 [k.M% ^?k* Hkkx % 1 ifBrka'k& vocks/kue~ iz'u&m s';e~ iz'u izdkj% okD;s"kq d`nUr&rf)r& izR;;kuka iz;ksx&ijh{k.ke~ izd`fr&izR;;& ;ksxsu fjDr& LFkkuiwfrZ^ vfry?kw kj% 1 8 8 dr`Z&f ;kin& vfUofr ijh{k.ke~ fo'ks"k.k inp;u& ijh{k.ke~ 'kq) f ;kin& p;usu fjDr& LFkkuiwfrZ% eat" w kkr% fo'ks"k.kinp;ua d`Rok fjDrLFkku& iwfrZ% vfry?kw kj% 1 5 5 miinfoHkfDriz;ksx& ijh{k.ke~ dks"Bdkr~& 'kCns"kq miin& foHkfDr iz;ksxs.k fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% y?kw kj% iw.kkZ k % va l sr% vFkok 1 5 1 5 5 30 10 ifBrx|ka'kcks/k & ijh{k.ke~ vfry?kw kj% y?kw kj% p 2 =1 1 1 = 1 1 3 =3 11 ifBrukV~;ka'kcks/k~ ijh{k.ke~ vfry?kw kj% y?kw kj% p 2 =1 1 1 = 1 1 3 =3 5 12 ifBri|ka'kcks/k~ ijh{k.ke~ vfry?kw kj% y?kw kj% p 2 =1 1 1 = 1 1 3 =3 5 13 izlax&lUnHkZ&xzUFk& ys[kd ijh{k.ke~ 1- lUnHkZ x z U FkL; ys[kdL; p 2- d% dFk;fr da dFk;fr 1+1=2 180 1+1=2 5 4 [k.M uke iz'u la[;k iz'u&m s';e~ iz'u izdkj% 14 HkkokFkZcks/k ijh{k.ke~ vfry?kw kj% fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% 15 vUo; ijh{k.ke~ 16 17 [k.M% ^?k* Hkkx % 2 laLd`r&lkfgR; lkekU; ifjp;% 18 vfry?kw kj% fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% ek/;esu lkFkZd okD;&la;kstu vfry?kw kj% okD;kuka ekuqlkja ijh{k.ke~ la;kstue~] va l sr% iw.kkZ k % 8 4 2+2 4 1 4 4 4 izlaxkuqlkje~ vFkZp;ue~ vfry?kw kj% 'kq)'kCnkFkZ p;ue~ 1 4 laLd`rlkfgR;lkekU; cks/kijh{k.ke~ vFkok laLd`rukV~;oSf'k"V~; cks/kijh{k.ke~ vfry?kw kj% ns ' k&dkO;&d` f r dohuke~ vFkok vfry?kw kj% 3+3+4 10 5+5 10 35 100 181 vkn kZiz'ui=e~ la- 1 laLd`re~ dsfUnzde~ SANSKRIT (CORE) dksM la[;k 322 }kn'k&d{kk vof/k% gksjk=;e~ le;% rhu ?k.Vs iw.kkZ k % 100 iw.kkZ % 100 Time: 3 Hours funsZ'kk% z Maximum Marks : 100 l srkHkkos losZ"kka iz'ukukeq kjkf.k laLd`rsuSo ys[kuh;kfuA tgk Li"V ladsr ugha gS] ogk m kj laLd`r esa gh nhft,A Answer the questions in Sanskrit only unless stated otherwise. z m kjkf.k i`Fkd~ n kk;ke~ m kjiqfLrdk;ke~ ,o ys[kuh;kfuA lHkh m kj vyx nh xbZ m kjiqfLrdk esa fy[ksaA Answers should be written only in the separately provided answer-book z vfLeu~ iz'ui=s pRokj% [k.Mk% lfUrA bl iz'ui= esa pkj [k.M gSaA There are four sections in this question paper. [k.M% d vifBrka'k&vocks/kue~ vifBrka'k vocks/ku SECTION A (Reading Comprehension) [k.M% [k laLd`rsu jpukReddk;Ze~ laLd`r esa jpukRed dk;Z SECTION B (Sanskrit writing Skill) [k.M% x vuqiz;qDrO;kdj.ke~ vuqiz;qDr O;kdj.k SECTION C (Applied Grammer) [k.M% ?k 35 v k % Hkkx (i) ifBrka'k &vocks/kue~ ifBrka'k vocks/ku Hkkx (ii) lkekU; laLd`rlkfgR;ifjp;% lkekU; laLd`r lkfgR; ifjp; 10 v k % SECTION D Part 10 v k% 15 v k % 30 v k % (i) Reading Comprehension (ii) General Introduction to Sanskrit Literature 182 [k.M% d Section (A) vifBrka'k & vocks/kue~ 10 Unseen Reading Comprehension 1- v/kksfyf[kra x|ka'ka ifBRok iz'ukuke~ m kjkf.k laLd`rsu fy[krA fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks i<+dj iz'uksa ds m kj laLd`r esa fyf[k,A Read the following passage and answer the questions in Sanskrit. iqjk df'pr~ ,d% cky% v/;;us jr% vklhr~A l ;r~ viBr~ rr~ foLejfr LeA vr% rL; lgikfBu% re~ miglfUr LeA ,dnk vkReXykfuihfMr% l% fo|ky;kr~ fujxPNr~ ekxsZ p vfpUr;r~&uwue~ vge~ ew[kZz% vfLeA vr ,o losZ eke~ miglfUrA ee HkkX;s fo|k ukfLrA lEizfr fda djksfe bfr fpUr;u~ Hkzeu~ ekxsZ rsuSd% dwi% n`"V%A r= dk'pu efgyk% Lo?kVku~ tysu iwj;fUr LeA l dqrwgykr~ r= fLFkr%A v=kUrjs l% vi';r~ ;r~ ;fLeu~ f'kyk[k.Ms ?kV% fufgr% vklhr~ r=Sd% xrZ% orZrsA l% ofurka i`PNfr&vEc! bea lqUnja xr d% fufeZroku~ bfr\** lk fogL; vonr~] ^^xrZ% ,"k% rq izfrfnua ?kVLFkkiusu fufeZr%] u dks fi vL; fuekZrkA ^^rn~op% JzqRok l% vfpUr;r~ ;fn Hkw;ksHkw;% e`f kdk?kVL; LFkkiusu ik"kk.kf'kyk;ke~ vfi xrZ% lEi|rs rnk iqu% iqu% iBusu ee efr% dFka u rhozk Hkosr~ bfr fopk;Z l iqu% fo|ky;a izR;kxPNr~A dkykUrjs fo|kH;klsu v;eso cky% egku~ oS;kdj.k% cksinso% vHkor~A mDra p vH;klkn~ yHkrs fo|ke~ bfrA iz'uk% I,dinsu m kjr ,d in esa m kj nhft,A 4=2 Answer in one word. (i) (ii) dk'pu efgyk% tysu dku~ iwj;fUr Le\ (iii) xrZ% dq= vklhr~\ (iv) II- ckysu ekxsZ d% n`"V%\ egku~ oS;kdj.k% d% vHkor~\ iw.kZokD;su m kjr iw.kZokD; esa m kj nhft,A 1 2=2 Answer in one sentence. (i) (ii) vkReXykfuihfMr% cky% fde~ vdjksr~\ xrZ% rq dFka fufeZr% tkr%\ 183 III- ;FkkfunsZ'ke~ m kjr 4 funsZ'kkuqlkj m kj nhft, Answer as directed. (i) (ii) ^^losZ eke~ miglfUr* bR;= dr`Zina fde~\ (iii) ^^eUnk** bR;L; foykseina fda iz;qDre~\ (iv) IV- ^lqUnja xr * v= fo'ks"k.kina fde~\ vr% rL; lgikfBu% re~ miglfUr Le ^ v=* ^rL;* bfr loZukeina dLeS iz;qDre~\ vL; x|ka'kL; leqfpra 'kh"kZda fy[krA bl x|ka'k ds fy, leqfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A 2 Please give a suitable title to this paragraph. [k.M ^[k* Section B laLd`rsu jpukReda dk;Ze~ Sanskrit Writing Skill 2- 15 Hkoku~ iz.ko% psUubZuxjs fuolfrA Hkor% fe=e~ okxh'k% ijh{kk;ke~ m kek S% m kh.kZ%A ijh{kk;ka lQyrk;S o/kkZiua iznkuk; fe=a izfr fyf[krs vfLeu~ i=s e tw"kkinS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwjf;Rok m kjiqfLrdk;ka i=a iqu% fy[krA vki iz.ko psUubZ uxj esa jgrs gSaA vkids fe= okxh'k ijh{kk esa m ke vadksa ls m kh.kZ gq, gSaA ijh{kk esa lQyrk ds fy, c/kkbZ nsus ds fy, fe= dks fy[ks bl i= esa fjDrLFkkuksa dks e tw"kk esa fn, x, inksa ls Hkjdj i= dks m kj iqfLrdk esa iqu% fyf[k,A You are Pranava from Chennai. Your friend Vageesh has succeded in the Board Examination scoring very good marks. Fill in the blanks in the following letter written to your friend congratulating him on his success in the examination. You can take the help of words given in the box and rewrite the letter again. 10=5 (i)................................ frfFk% .......................... fiz; (ii) ........................... (iii) ........................... 184 v= dq'kya r=kLrqA dsUnzh;ek/;fedf'k{kkl ~?kVusu v|So 8-00 v"Voknus }kn'kd{kk;k% (iv) .........................................leqn~?kksf"kr%A e;k b.VjusV bfr ek/;esu ro ijh{kk ifj.kke% (v) .........................A vL;ka ijh{kk;ke~ Roe~ i puofr% izfr'kre~ (vi) ......................... izkI; leq kh.kZ%A laLd`rs rq 'kre~ ,o v ku~ yC/koku~ vflA ;ksX;rklwP;ke~ vfi ro uke n`"V~ok vge~ gkfnZda g"kZe~ vuqHkokfeA (vii) .........................dBksj% ifjJe% lQy% tkr%A Ro;k u dsoye~ vkReu% vfi rq LodqVqEcL; vfi (viii) ......................... of/kZre~A Roa Hkw;ksHkw;% iz'kaluh;ks flA vge~ ,rL;S mPp&lQyrk;S rqH;a gkfnZda (ix) ......................... ;PNkfeA Hkfo";s ro dk ;kstuk bfr fy[krqA ekr`&fir`pj.k;ks% iz.kkek%A ro vfHkUulq n~ (x)...................... e tw"kk fofnr% okxh'k ] psUubZr%] ro] v ku~] ;'k%] iz.ko%] ueLrs] o/kkZiue~ ijh{kkifj.kke% 3- e tw"kkizn k'kCnlwphlkgk ;su y?kqdFkka'ka iwjf;Rok iqu% fy[krA e tw"kk esa fn, 'kCnksa dh lgk;rk ls y?kq dFkk ds va'k dks iw.kZ dj iqu% fyf[k,A 10 =5 Complete the short story with the words given in the box below and rewrite the same. ,dnk df'pr~ O;k/k% tkye~ vknk; fogxku~ vUos"Vqe~ br% rr% ifjHkzeu~ oue~ (i)__________A rr% l O;k/k% ous (ii)_____________ fodh;Z tkya p izlk;Z Lo;a izPNUu% vHkor~A ,rfLeu~ vUrjkys diksrjkt% fp=xzho% lifjokj% rku~ r.Mqyku~ n`"V~ok vuq;kf;u% (iii)_____________ vonr~ vfLeu~ (iv)_____________ ous r.Mqykuka laHko% dqr%\ rn~ Hknze~ bna u (v)_____________A ;r% vfu"Vkr~ b"VykHk% vfi u (vi)_____________A ,rPN zR q ok df'pr~ if.MrEeU;% lniZe~ vonr~ la'k;kRek (vii)_____________ rnuUrja rs yqC?kk% diksrk% (viii)_____________________p c)k% vHkou~A rr% fp=xzho% rku~ vdFk;r~ & foiRdkys (ix)_____________ /kkj.kh;e~A o;a losZ Lofe=L; fgj.;dL; ew"kdjktL; lehia xPNke%A rnk losZ diksrk% lagrk% tkye~ ,oa x`ghRok mniru~A fgj.;dsu fNUuik'kk% diksrk% (x)_____________ra iz'kalfUr LeA e tw"kk r.Mqyku~] diksrku~] vxPNr~] futZus oje~] i';kfe] tkysu] /kS;Ze~] fou';fr] d`rKr;kA 185 4- 1 5 =5 v/kksfyf[krfo"k;s"kq ,da fo"k;e~ vf/kd`R; i pokD;fere~ vuqPNsna laLd`rsu fyf[kr! fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa esa ls ,d fo"k; ij ikap okD;ksa dk laLd`r esa ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k,A Write a passage of five sentences in Sanskrit on any one of the following topics. (i) fo|kfoghu% i'kq%A (ii) laLd`ra eg~;e~ fdeFk jksprs\ (iii) fo|ky;L; lEi ks% j{kk dj.kh;kA [k.M% ^x* Section C vuqiz;qDrO;kdj.ke~ vuqiz;qDr O;kdj.k 30 Applied Grammar 5- v/kksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq js[kkafdrins"kq lfU/kfoPNsna dq#rA fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa js[kkf r inksa esa lfU/kPNsn dhft,A 1 6=6 Disjoin Sandhis in the bold typed words in the following sentences. (i) (ii) lR;eso t;fr uku`re~A thoR;ukFkks fi ous folftZr%A bu'p fnuL;A (iv) v| eeksiokl% vfLrA (iii) (v) (vi) 6- rnU;= xE;rke~ bfrA fgrkUu ;% la k`.kqrs l fdaizHkq%A v/kksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq LFkwyinkuka foxzgk% ys[;k%A fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa LFkwyinksa ds foxzg fyf[k,A Expound the compounds in bold words in the following sentences. (i) 'kksdfoeksd% dksdyksdL;A 186 1 6=6 (ii) (iii) losZ ;FkkLFkkue~ mifo'kfUrA (iv) rs fi mRlofiz;k%A (v) lqefgek ;|fLr fda e.MuS%A (vi) 7- v;eso vgksjk=a tu;frA nqjkjk/;k jkty{eh%A v/kksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq dks"BdkUrxZrizd`frizR;;a p ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;rA uhps fy[ks gq, okD;ksa esa dks"Bd ds vUrxZr izd`fr ds lkFk fufnZ"V izR;; dks tksM+ dj [kkyh LFkku Hkfj,A Rewrite the following sentences by adding suffixes to the roots and words given in the brackets. 1 8 =8 (i) fr"B fr"B u &&&&&&&&&&&& xe~ $ rO;r~ (ii) vL; iz;kstua Kk$rqequ~ &&&&&&&&&&& bPNkfeA (iii) vk;Z% f'kjlk iz$ue~$Y;i~ &&&&& foKki;frA (iv) gqra p nk $ Dr &&&&&&&&&&&& p lnSo fr"BfrA (v) vU;= Hkqt~ $ DRok &&&&&&&& xPNkfeA (vi) lw;Ze~ vkfJR; &&&&&&& ijk)Zla[;k HkofrA ijes"B $ bu~ (vii) eR;L;thfofHk% lj% &&&&&&& uhre~A fueZRL; $ ry~~ (viii) bne~ vfHk;kua jkspda &&&&&&& pklhr~A lkgl$Bd~ 8- v/kksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq dr`Zf ;kin;ks% vfUofr% f ;rke~A v/kksfyf[kr okD;ksa esa drkZ vkSj f ;k dh vfUofr dhft,A Please write the suitable verb according to the subject or vice versa in the following sentences. (i) vk;Z! fueaf=r% vfLr@vflA (ii) ,rs fxj;% vrho 'kksHkrs@'kksHkUrsA (iii) vf % xk=kf.k 'kq)~;fr@'kq);fUrA 187 1 5 =5 (iv) vk;Z oSghujs! lqxk ekxZe~ vkns'k;@vkns'k;frA (v) eRL;thfou% v= eRL;la{k;a dfj";fr@dfj";fUrA vFkok (Or) v/kksn ks"kq okD;s"kq e tw"kkr% fo'ks"k.kinkfu fpRok fo'ks";inS% lg ;kst;r v/kksfyf[kr okD;ksa esa fo'ks"k.k in e tw"kk ls NkaV dj fo'ks"; inksa ds lkFk tksfM+,A Match the adjectives with nouns in the following sentences. (The adjective words have been given in the box) (i) &&&&&& _"k;% HkofUrA (ii) dFka Li/kZrs e;k lg&&&&&&& jk{kl%A (iii) &&&&&&& NfnizkUr%A (iv) &&&&&&&& Hkkstukuka nk=h HkoA (v) &&&&&&& ,o HkoR;k% izLrqfr%A e tw"kk iz'kaluh;k] nqjkRek] 'kksHkukuka] vkIrdkek%] vfrufer% 9- v/kksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq dks"BdkUrxZr'kCns"kq miinfoHkfDra iz;qT; fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% f ;rke~A fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa dks"Bd ds 'kCnksa esa miin foHkfDr dk iz;ksxdj fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,A Fill in the blanks using appropriate case-endings with the words given in the brackets. (i) v;s! &&&&&&&& v/;kLrs o`"ky%A flagklu (ii) &&&&&&& lee~ vU;= HkqDRok xPNkfeA ikjkor (iii) rnya Hkor% &&&&&&&&& lUrki (iv) ,"k% LrEHk% &&&&&&&&& fouk rFkSo fr"BfrA fod`fr (v) &&& ueks ue% loZ 188 1 5 =5 [k.M% ^?k* (Section D) Hkkx% 1 Part - 1 ifBrka'k vocks/kue~ ifBrka'k&vocks/ku 35 Reading Comprehension 10- v/kksfyf[kra x|ka'ka ifBRok laLd`rsu iz'uku~ m kjrA uhps fy[ks x|ka'k dks i<+dj laLd`r esa iz'uksa ds m kj nhft,A Read the following prose passage and answer the questions in Sanskrit. 5 v;eso vgksjk=a tu;frA v;e~ ,o oRlja }kn'klq Hkkxs"kq foHkuf A v;e~ ,o dkj.ke~ "k..kke~ _rwuke~A ,"k ,o v hdjksfr m kja nf{k.ka pk;ue~A vusu ,o lEikfnrk% ;qxHksnk%A vusu ,o d`rk% dYiHksnk%A ,ue~ ,o vfJzR; Hkofr ijesf"Bu% ijk/kZl[;kA osnk ,rL; ,o ofUnu%A xk;=h veqe~ ,o xk;frA /kU; ,"k dqyewya JhjkepUnzL;A iz.kE;% ,"k% fo'os"kke~A I- 2 =1 ,dinsu m kjr ,d 'kCn esa m kj nsaA Answer in one word. (i) (ii) II- Jh jkepUnzL; dqyewya d% vfLr\ lw;ZL; ofUnu% ds lfUr\ 1 2 =2 iw.kZokD;su m kjrA iw.kZokD; esa m kj nsaA Answer in a complete sentence. lw;Z% oRlja dfr Hkkxs"kq foHkufDr\ III- 2 =1 ;FkkfunsZ'keq kjr funsZ'kkuqlkj m kj nhft,A Do as directed (i) ^^jkf=fUnoe~** bR;FksZ v= fda ina iz;qDre~\ (ii) ^^"k..kke~ _rwuke~* v= fda fo'ks"k.kine~\ 189 (iii) iz.kE;% ,"k% fo'os"kke~ v= ^,"k%* loZukeina dLeS iz;qDre~\ (iv) ^^xk;fr* f ;kinL; dr`Zina fde~\ 1 2 =2 11- v/kksfyf[kra ukV~;ka'ka ifBRok iz'uku~ m kjr fuEufyf[kr ukV~;ka'k dks i<+dj iz'uksa ds m kj nhft,A Read the following drama passage and answer the questions. rr% izfo'kfr pk#n kks fonw"kd% p sfjdkgLrk psVh p pk#n k% nh?k fu%'oL; Hkks% nkfjn~z;a [kyq uke eufLou% iq#"kL; lksPN~okla ej.ke~A fonw"kd% pk#n k% I- 5 vye~ bnkuha Hkor% vfrek=a lUrIrqe~A nkusu foiUufoHkoL; cgqyi{kpUnzL; T;ksRLukifj{k; bo Hkor% je.kh;ks ;a nfjnzHkko%A u [kYoga u"Vka fJ;e~ vuq'kkspkfeA xq.kjlKL; rq iq#"kL; O;lua nk#.krja eka izfrHkkfrA 2 =1 ,dinsu m kjr ,d in esa m kj nhft,A Answer in one word. (i) (ii) II- p sfjdkgLrk dk vfLr\ dL; iq#"kL; O;lua nk#.krja Hkofr\ iw.kZokD;su m kjrA iwjs okD; esa laLd`r esa m kj nhft,A 1 1 =1 Answer in one sentence in Sanskrit. pk#n kL; fdfeo je.kh;ks ;a nfjnzHkko%\ III- ;FkkfunsZ'keq kjr funsZ'kkuqlkj m kj nhft, Do as directed. (i) ^^je.kh;ks ;a nfjnzHkko%**] v= fda fo'ks"k.kine~\ (ii) ^^lEiUu** bR;L; foijhrkFkZda ina fde~\ (iii) ^^Hkor% je.kh;ks ;a nfjnzHkko%* v= ^Hkor%* loZukeina dLeS iz;qDre~\ 1 1 =1 (iv) vuq'kkspkfe bfr f ;kinL; dr`Zina fde~\ 1 1 =1 190 12 v/kksfyf[kra i|a ifBRok iz'uku~ m kjr fuEufyf[kr i| dks i<+dj iz'uksa ds m kj nhft,A Read the following verse and answer the questions. f'k{kk {k;a xPNfr dkyi;Z;kRlqc)ewyk fuirfUr iknik%A tya tyLFkkuxra p 'kq";fr gqra p n ka p lnSo fr"BfrAA I. 2 =1 ,dinsu m kjr ,d 'kCn esa m kj nhft,A Answer in one word. (i) (ii) II. lqc)ewyk% ds fuirfUr\ dkyi;Z;kr~ {k;a dk xPNfr\ 1 2 =2 iw.kZokD;su m kjr iwjs okD; esa m kj nhft,A Answer in one sentence in Sanskrit. lnSo fda fda fr"Bfr\ III. ;FkkfunsZ'keq kjr funsZ'kkuqlkj m kj nhft, 4 =2 Answer as directed (i) ^tya tyLFkkuxra* v= fda fo'ks"k.kine~\ (ii) ^fouk'ke~* bR;FksZ fda ine= iz;qDre~\ (iii) ^fr"Bfr* bfr f ;kinL; fda foykseine~\ (iv) ^lqc)ewyk% fuirfUr iknik% v= dr`Zina fde~\ 13- v/kksn ka 'yksd};a ifBRok ;FkkfunsZ'ke~ m kjr uhps fy[kss nks 'yksdksa dks i<+dj funsZ'kkuqlkj m kj nhft,A Read the following two verses and answer as directed. I. v'kDrScZfyu% 'k=ks% drZO;a iziyk;ue~A vkfJrO;ks Fkok nqxZ% ukU;k rs"kka xfrHkZosr~AA vL; 'yksdL; d% lUnHkZxzUFk% ys[kd% pA 191 1 +1 =2 II. foHkokuqo'kk Hkk;kZ lenq%[klq[kks Hkoku~A l oa p u ifjHkz"Va ;n~ nfjnzs"kq nqyZHke~AA 1 +1 =2 bea 'yksda d% de~ izfr dFk;fr\ 14- v= izn kHkkokFkZ=;s 'kq)HkkokFkZp;ua d`Rok fy[kr izR;sd va'k ds fy, fn;s x, rhu HkkokFkks esa ls 'kq) HkkokFkZ p;u djds fyf[k,A Three explanations are given for each line. Select the correct one and write. I. mf k"Br tkxzr izkI; ojku~ fucks/kr HkkokFkZ% d funzka R;DRok b"VoLrwfu yHk/oe~A [k vKkufunzka fogk; Js"Bku~ mixE; Kkua yHk/oe~A x tkxj.ksuSo b"VoLrwfu izkIrqa ;r/oe~A II. fuLi`gR;kfxfHk% ,rkn`'kS% tuS% jktk r`.kon~ x.;rsA d jktk R;kfxu% tuku~ fdefi u x.k;frA [k R;kfxu% jktkue~ LoYia oLrq ;kpUrsA x bPNkjfgrk% R;kfxu% tuk% jktkue~ vfi u x.k;fUrA 2+2 = 4 vFkok (Or) v/kksn kL; 'yksdL; izn ka HkkokFk e tw"kkn kinS% iwjf;Rok fy[kr uhps fn;s x, 'yksd ds HkkokFkZ dks e tw"kkn k inksa ls iw.kZ djds fyf[k,A Complete the central idea of the given verse with the words given in the box and rewrite the same. vuUrjRuizHkoL; ;L; fgea u lkSHkkX;foyksfi tkre~A ,dks fg nks"kks xq.klfUuikrss fueTtrhUnks% fdj.ksf"ook %AA fgeky;% vuUrjRukuke~ (i) --------------lu~ 'kksHkrsA ,"k% ioZr% (ii) -------------- vfi iw.kZ% orZrsA ija fgea (iii) --------------lkSUn; (iv) --------------------------uSo leFkZ%A ;rks fg ,d% nks"k% (v) -------------- rFkSo foyqIr% (vi) --------------;Fkk (vii) --------------fdj.ks"kq (viii) ------------frjksfgr% HkofrA e tw"kk fgesu] fgeky;L;] mRiknd% n`';rs] pUnzL;] fou"Vqa] dy %] xq.klewgs"kq 192 15. v/kksfyf[kr'yksd};L; izn kkUo;s fjDrLFkkuiwfr d`Rok iqu% fy[kr & fuEufyf[kr nks 'yksdksa ds fn, x, vUo;ksa esa fjDrLFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dj iqu% fyf[k,& Fill in the blanks in the prose order rendering of the following two verses and re-write the same. 4 =2 v ;Lrq lokZf.k HkwrkU;kReU;sokuqi';frA loZHkwrs"kq pkRekue~ rrks u fotqxqIlrsAA vUo;% ;% rq &&&&&&&&&&&& Hkwrkfu vkRefu ,o &&&&&&&&&&&] loZHkwrs"kq p &&&&&&&&&& rr% &&&&&&&&&&&& fotqxqIlrsA vk fuoSZjk foeq[khHkofUr lq n% LQhrk HkoUR;kin%A ikia deZ p ;r~ ijSjfi d`ra r kL; lEHkkO;rsAA 4 =2 vUo;% & fuoSZjk% &&&&&&&&& foeq[khHkofUr &&&&&&& LQhrk% HkofUr] ikia deZ p &&&&&& ijS% vfi d`re~ rr~ &&&&&&&& lEHkkO;rsA 16- LrEHk};s v/k% izn kokD;kuka lkFkZda la;kstua d`Rok es.k fy[krA nks LrEHkksa esa fn, x, fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa dk lkFkZd la;kstu dj e ls fyf[k, A Rewrite the following sentences as per their sequential order. (i) mf k"Br tkxzr d y k[k bfr onfUrA (ii) rFkk prqfHkZ% iq#"k% ijh{;rs [k ;n~ nfjnzs"kq nqyZHke~A (iii) m kq ioZrkuke~ miR;dkHkwfee~ x R;kxsu 'khysu xq.ksu deZ.kkA (iv) l oa p u ifjHkz"Va ?k izkI; ojku~ fucks/krA 1 4=4 17- v/kksfyf[kri ~fDr"kq LFkwyk{kjinkuka izl kuqlkje~ vFk fpRok fy[kr & v/kksfyf[kr iafDr;ksa esa LFkwyk{kj inksa dk izl ds vuqlkj 'kq) vFkZ pqudj fyf[k,A Select and write the appropriate meaning of the bold words as per reference to their context. 193 (i) l oa p u ifjHkz"Va ;n~ nfjnzs"kq nqyZHke~A d lrksxq.k% [k pfj=e~ x eu% (ii) vn~fHk% xk=kf.k 'kq/;fUrA d Hkkstusu [k tysu x oL=s.k (iii) onua izlknlnue~A d eq[ke~ [k 'kjhje~ (iv) tEcwo`{kL; izkXoYehd%A d okYehfd% [k ifjf/k% x l hre~ x liZx`ge~ 1 4=4 [k.M ^?k* Section D Hkkx II Part II lkekU;% laLd`rlkfgR;ifjp;% lkekU; laLd`r lkfgR; ifjp; General Sanskrit Literature 18- v/kksfyf[krkuka dohuka ns'k&dky&d`rhuka ;FkkfunsZ'ka ukekfu fy[krA fuEufyf[kr dfo;ksa ds ns'k] dky ,oa d`fr;ksa dk funsZ'kkuqlkj uke fyf[k,A Write the names of the place, date and works of the following poets as directed. do;% (i) (ii) (iii) ck.kHkV~V% HkoHkwfr% vk;ZHkV% (i) (ii) (iii) Hkkl% ojkgfefgj% vfEcdkn kO;kl% Hkkjfo% lqJqr% Jh fo".kq'kekZ (iv) dkSfVY;% (i) (ii) (iii) } } } ns'k% dky% dkfpnsdk d`fr% 194 3 + 3 + 4 = 10 vFkok (OR) v v/k% e tw"kk;ka izn k'kCnS% fjDrLFkkuiwfr dq#rA uhps e tw"kk esa fn;s x, inksa ls fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,A 5 Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box below (i) NUnks;qDrjpuk &&&&&& dF;rsA rL; eq[;r% Hksn};e~ & egkdkO;e~ &&&&& pA (ii) laLd`rlkfgR;s &&&&&&&&&&& jlk% HkofUrA rs"kq iz/kku% jl% &&&&&& vfLrA (iii) x|a dohuka &&&&&&&& onfUrA dFkk &&&&&&& p rL; izeq[ka Hksn};e~A (iv) :idL; &&&&&& Hksnk% lfUrA &&&&&&&&:idL; Hksn%A (v) ukVdL; eq[;a r oa &&&&&&&&& vfLrA ukVdL; vknkS &&&&&& HkofrA e tw"kk fud"ka] i|e~] [k.MdkO;a] n'k] vfHku;% ukVde~] k` ~xkj%] uo] ukUnh] vk[;kf;dk c laLd`rukVdL; i p fo'ks"krk% laLd`rsu fy[krA laLd`rukVd dh ikap fo'ks"krk,a laLd`r esa fyf[k,A Write five characteristics of Sanskrit Drama in Sanskrit. 195 5 vkn'kZiz'ui= la-&1 dsfUnzde~ CORE v ;kstuk d{kk & }kn'kh XII vof/k% gksjk=;e~ dksM la- 322 iw.kkZ k% 100 Time : 3 Hours eka % m s';e~ Maximum Marks : 100 iz'uizdkj% visf{kr&m kjkf.k 1- v rF;cks/k& ijh{k.ke~ vfry?kw kj% ,dinsu m kje~ (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) c rF;cks/k& ijh{k.ke~ y?kw kj% iw.kZokD;su m kje~ (i) vkReXykfuihfMr% cky% l n dwi% ?kVku~ f'kyk[k.Ms cksinso% fo|ky;kr~ fujxPNr~ ekxsZ p vge~ ew[kZ% vfLe bfr vfpUr;r~A (ii) xrZ% rq izfrfnua ?kVLFkki& usu ,o fufeZr% tkr%A Hkkf"kdr ocks/k& vfry?kw kj% ijh{k.ke~ Hkkf"kdr ocks/k% (i) fo'ks"k.kp;ue~ (ii) drZ`inp;ue~ (iii) foyksep;ue~ (iv) laKkinp;ue~~ (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 'kh"kZdiznkue~ v & l srk% v & foHkkx% 2 1 1 2 (i) Je'khy% cky% vfry?kw kj% lqUnja losZ rhozk ckyL; vFkok vH;klkr~ yHkrs fo|ke~ vFkok cksinso% vFkok fdefi vU;r~ 196 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 10 [k.M% ^[k* jpukReddk;Ze~ vfLeu~ [k.Ms =;% iz'uk% lfUrA izFkes iz'us fyf[krs i=s e tw"kkr% 'kCnku~ fpRok fofHkUufjDrLFkkukuka iwfrZ% dj.kh;kA n'k fjDrLFkkukfu lfUrA izfr'kq)fjDrLFkkuiwfrZd`rs v/kZ% v % fu/kkZfjr%A eka % 2- m s';e~ i=ys[kus vukSipkfjd& dk;Zijh{k.ke~ iz'uizdkj% fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% vkSipkfjddk;Ze~ visf{kr&m kjkf.k v & l srk% (ii) okxh'k (iii) ueLrs (v) ijh{kkifj.kke% (vi) fofnr% (vii) v ku~ (viii) ro (ix) ;'k% (x) o/kkZiua fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% fo"k;oLrq& vocks/kue~ (iv) iz.ko% fo"k;oLrq& cks/kijh{k.ke~ (i) psUubZr% v & foHkkx% 2 3 5 3. vfLeu~ iz'us y?kqdFkk;ka fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% visf{krkA izfr'kq)fjDrLFkkuiwfrZd`rs v/kZ% v % fu/kkZfjr%A vocks/kiwoZde~ okD;lapjuk@ iz;ksxijh{k.ke~ fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% (i) vxPNr~ (ii) r.Mqyku~ (iii) diksrku~ (iv) futZus (v) i';kfe (vi) oje~ (vii) fou';fr (viii)tkysu (ix) /kS;Ze~ (x) d`rKr;k 4. defi ,da fo"k;e~ voyEC; iapokD;kfu ys[kuh;kfuA vocks/kiwoZda okD;fuekZ.ke~A 197 5 5 15 [k.M% ^x* vuqiz;qDrO;kdj.ke~ vfLeu~ [k.Ms Hkk"kk;k% r okuka O;kogkfjdiz;ksx% visf{kr%A vL; vk/kkj% ikB~;iqLrde~ ^_frdk* f}rh;% Hkkx% vfLrA ek % 5- m s';e~ iz'uizdkj% okD;s"kq lfU/kPNsn& ijh{k.ke~ vuqiz;ksxkRed% LFkwyk{kjinkuka lfU/kfoPNsn% visf{kr&m kjkf.k (i) u $ vu`re~ (ii) thofr$vukFk% $vfi v & v & l srk% foHkkx% 1 + (iii) bu% $ p 1 (iv) ee $ miokl% (v) rr~ $ vU;= 1 1 (vi) fde~ $ izHkq% 1 6 6- okD;s"kq leLr& LFkwyk{kjinkuka inkuka foxzg% foxzg% dj.kh;% (i) 'kksdL; foeksd% 1 (ii) vg% p jkf=% p 1 r;ks% lekgkj% (iii) LFkkue~ vufr E; (iv) mRlo% fiz;% ;sH;% rs (v) 'kksHku% efgek (vi) jkK% y{eh% 1 1 1 1 6 7- okD;s"kq d`nUr& izd`fr&izR;;kS rf)rizR;;kuka ;kstf;Rok okD;& iz;ksxijh{k.ke~ lUnHkkZuqlkja fjDr& LFkkuiwfrZ% xUrO;e~ (ii) Kkrqe~ (iii) iz.kE; (iv) n ka (v) HkqDRok (vi) ijesf"Bu% (vii) fueZRL;xrka (viii) lkgflde~ (i) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 198 ek % 8- m s';e~ dr`Zf ;kin& vfUofr& ijh{k.ke~ iz'uizdkj% okD;s"kq 'kq)f ;kin& p;usu fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% visf{kr&m kjkf.k v & l srk% (i) vfl (ii) 'kksHkUrs (iii) 'kq)~;fUr 1 1 1 (iv) vkns'k; v & foHkkx% 1 dfj";fUr 1 (i) vkIrdkek% (ii) nqjkRek (iii) vfrufer% 1 1 1 (iv) 'kksHkukuka 1 (v) vFkok or fo'ks"k.k& inp;u& ijh{k.ke~ e tw"kkr% fo'ks"k.kin& p;ua d`Rok fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% (v) iz'kaluh;k 1 5 9- miinfoHkfDr& iz;ksx& ijh{k.ke~ dks"Bdkr~ 'kCns"kq miinfoHkfDr& iz;ksxs.k fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% (i) flagklue~ (ii) ikjkorS% (iii) lUrkisu 1 1 1 (iv) fod`fra 1 losZH;% 1 (v) 5 30 199 [k.M ^?k* ifBrka'k%&vocks/kue~ Hkkx% I ek % 10- m s';e~ ifBrx|ka'k& cks/k ijh{k.ke~ Hkkf"kdrRo& iz;ksxijh{k.ke~ iz'uizdkj% visf{kr&m kjkf.k v vfry?kw kj% ,dinsu m kje~ c y?kw kj% iw.kZokD;su l-(i) i;kZ;in& p;ue~ (ii) fo'ks"k.kine~ n(i) loZukeLFkkus laKkiz;ksx% (ii) dr`Zinp;ue~ v & v & l srk% foHkkx% (i) lw;Z% (ii) osnk% 1 lw;Z% oRlja }kn'klq Hkkxs"kq foHkufDr (i) vgksjk=e~ 1 1 } (ii) "k..kke~ (i) lw;ZL; d`rs 1 (ii) xk;=h 1 } 1 2 5 11- ifBrukV~;ka'k& cks/kijh{k.ke~ v- c- Hkkf"kdrRo& iz;ksxijh{k.ke~ l- vfry?kw kj% ,dinsu m kje~ y?kw kj% iw.kZokD;su m kje~ (i) psVh (ii) xq.kjlKL; 1 1 1 pk#n kL; cgqyi{k& pUnzL; T;ksLukifj{k;% bo je.kh;ks ;a nfjnzHkko%A (i) je.kh;%] v;e~ fo'ks"k.kin& p;ue~ (ii) ^foiUu* bfr (ii) foyksein& p;ue~ n- (i) loZukeLFkkus (i) ^pk#n kL;* d`rs laKkiz;ksx% (ii) vge~ (ii) dr`Zinp;ue~ } 1 1 1 } 2 5 200 ek % 12- m s';e~ ifBri|ka'k& cks/kijh{k.ke~ Hkkf"kdr o& iz;ksxijh{k.ke~ iz'uizdkj% v- visf{kr&m kjkf.k vfry?kw kj% ,dinsu m kje~ y?kw kj% cy?kw kj% iw.kZokD;su m kje~ l- (i) fo'ks"k.kin& p;ue~ (ii) i;kZ;in& p;ue~ n- (i) foyksein& p;ue~ (ii) dr`Zinp;ue~ (i) iknik% (ii) f'k{kk v & l srk% v & foHkkx% 1 1 1 gqra p n ka p lnSo fr"Bfr (i) tyLFkkuxra (ii) {k;e~ (i) ^xPNfr } 1 1 (ii) iknik% 1 2 5 13- 14- izl lUnHkZ& xzUFkys[kd& ifjp;ijh{k.ke~ HkkokFkZcks/k& ijh{k.ke~ HkkokFkZcks/k& ijh{k.ke~ 1- lUnHkZxzUFkL; ys[kdL; p~ ukeys[kue~ 2- d% dFk;fr da dFk;fr izn ks"kq HkkokFksZ"kq 'kq)HkkokFkZp;ue~ izn kHkkokFksZ e tw"kkn kinS% iwj.ke~ fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% (i) i prU=e~&xzUFk% Jh fo".kq'kekZ&ys[kd% (i) pk#n k% d% fonw"kde~ izfra I ^[k* II ^x* vFkok (i) mRiknd% (ii) fgesu (iii) fgeky;L; (iv) fou"Vqa (v) xq.klewgs"kq (vi) n`';rs (vii) pUnzL; (viii)dy % 201 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 ek % 15- 16. 17. m s';e~ vUo;& ijh{k.ke~ iz'uizdkj% fjDrLFkku& iwfrZek/;esu lkFkZdokD;& okD;kuka la;kstuijh{k.ke ~ ekuqlkja la;kstue~ izl kuqlkje~& vFkZp;ue~ f="kq 'kCnkFksZ"kq 'kq)'kCnkFkZ& p;ue~ visf{kr&m kjkf.k v (i) lokZf.k (ii) vuqi';fr (iii) vkRekue~ (iv) u vk (i) lq n% (ii) vkin% (iii) ;r~ (iv) rL; (i) ?k (ii) x (iii) d (iv) [k (i) eu% (ii) tysu (iii) eq[ke~ (iv) liZx`ge~ 202 v & l srk% v & foHkkx% 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 35 [k.M ^?k* Hkkx% 2 lkekU; laLd`r lkfgR; ifjp;% ek % 18- m s';e~ iz'uizdkj% visf{kr&m kjkf.k laLd`rlkfgR;& dohuka ns'k&dky& ns'k% (i) izhfrdwV% xzke% cks/k ijh{k.ke~ d`rhuke~ mYys[kue ~ (ii) in~eiqje~ (iii) dqlqeiqje~ dky% (i) bZ-iw-&prqFkZ 'krkCnh (ii) "k"Bh 'krkCnh (iii) ,dksufoa'kfr 'krkCnh d`fr% (i) fdjkrktqZuh;e~ (ii) lq kqr lafgrk (iii) i prU=e~ (iv) vFkZ'kkL=e~ vFkok laLd`rlkfgR; v e tw"kk;ka izn k~& (i) i|e~ cks/k ijh{k.ke~ inS% fjDrLFkku& (ii) [k.MdkO;e~ iwfrZek/;esu (iii) uo (iv) k` xkj% (v) fud"ka (vi) vk[;kf;dk (vii) n'k (viii) ukVde~ (ix) vfHku;% (x) ukUnh laLd`rlkfgR; c laLd`rukVdkuka ukVde~& (i) vfHku;% izeq[ka r oe~ vocks/k ijh{k.ke~ i poSf'k"V~; ys[kue~ HkofrA (ii) dFkkuda izfl) aikSjkf.kda ok HkofrA (iii) ukVdL; vkjEHks ukUnh HkofrA vUrs p HkjrokD;e~ (iv) U;wurek% i p v k% HkofUrA (v) k`axkj% ohj d:.k% ok jl% HkofrA 203 10 v & v & l srk% foHkkx% 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 10 5 1 1 1 5 1 1 10 vkn'kZiz'ui=e~ la- 2 laLd`rdsfUnzde~ dksM la[;k & 322 d{kk }kn'kh [k.M% ^d* Section A vifBrka'kkocks/kue~ 10 Reading -Comprehension 1- v/kksfyf[krx|ka'ka ifBRok iz'ukuke~ m kjkf.k fy[kr fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks i<+dj iz'uksa ds m kj fyf[k,A Read the following passage and answer the questions. ,dnk egkRekxkaf/k% ys[kudk;sZ O;Lr% vklhr~A ys[kU;ka elh lekIrk tkrkA l% rka ys[kuha r=So LFkkif;Rok vU;= xroku~A iqu% vkxR; ys[kuhe~ vi';r~A ik'osZ fLFkr% vkJeoklh vonr~&ckiw! rL;ka elh u vklhr~ vr% e;k ys[kuh cfg% izf{kIrkA egkRekxkfU/k% vonr~&fdefi oLrq {kqnza ewY;jfgra u HkofrA fde~ vLekda ns'k% rkn`'ka /kuL; viO;;a drq 'kDuksfr\ uSoA xPNrq Hkoku~ rke~ ,o ys[kuhe~ vku;rqA rL;keso elha iwjf;Rok dk; dfj";kfe bfrA ;fn o;a losZ vfi ns'kL; /kufo"k;s rFkk tkx:dk% Hkoke% rfgZ ns'kL; nkfjnz~;e~ vfpjknso nwjh& Hkosr~A vLekde~ vko';drkuqlkjeso vLekda lehis /kua] oL=kf.k vU;kfu p oLrwfu Hkos;q% ,"k ,o ;ksxL; izeq[kk% fu;e%A iz'uk% I,dinsu m kjr ,d in esa m kj nhft,A 4=2 Answer in one word only. vLekda ns'k% dL; viO;;a drq u 'kDuksfr\ (ii) d% egkReu% ik'osZ fLFkr%\ (iii) ys[kU;ka dk lekIrk tkrk\ (iv) elhjfgrka ys[kuhe~ vkJeoklh dq= vf{kir~\ (i) II- iw.kZokD;su m kjr laLd`r ds iw.kZokD; esa m kj nhft,A Answer in one sentence. (i) (ii) ;ksxL; izeq[k% fu;e% d%\ vkJeokfluk egkReu% ys[kuh fdeFk f{kIrk\ 204 1 2=2 III- funsZ'kkuqlkja iz'uku~ m kjr funsZ'k ds vuqlkj iz'uksa ds m kj nsaA Do as directed 1 4 = 4 ^^fdefi oLrq {kqnza ewY;jfgra u Hkofr**bR;fLeu~ okD;ka'ks ^^{kqnze~**bfr ina dL; fo'ks"k.ke~\ 1 ^^xPNrq Hkoku~ ] rke~ ,o vku;rq** bR;fLeu~ okD;s ^^vku;rq** bfr f ;kinL; drkZ d%\ 1 (iii) ^^vUr%** bfr inL; d% foykse% v= iz;qDr%\ 1 (iv) ^^'kh?kzeso** bR;L; d% i;kZ;% v= iz;qDr%\ 1 (i) (ii) IV- vL; x|ka'kL; leqfpra 'kh"kZda fy[krA bl x|ka'k ds fy, leqfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A 2 Please give a suitable title to this paragraph. [k.M% ^[k* Section B 15 laLd`rsu jpukReda dk;Ze~ Writing Skill in Sanskrit 2- dkuiqjfuoklh vkyksd% dksydkrkfuokflue~ viwoZukekue~ Lofe=e~ ,da i=e~vfy[kr~A oLrqr% vkyksd% ,dL;ka lkekU;Kkuizfr;ksfxrk;ka izfrHkkfxrke~ vdjksr~] ;su rL; O;fDrRos vrho ifjorZua tkre~A vfLeu~ i=s e tw"kkr% mfprinS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwjf;Rok i=a iqu%fy[krA dkuiqj fuoklh vkyksd us dksydkrk fuoklh viwoZ uked vius fe= dks ,d i= fy[kkA oLrqr% vkyksd us ,d lkekU;Kku izfr;ksfxrk esa Hkkx fy;k Fkk ftlls mlds O;fDrRo esa cgqr ifjorZu gqvkA mlds }kjk fy[ks i= esa e tw"kk esa fn, inksa esa ls mfpr in ys dj [kkyh LFkku Hkjrs gq, i= dks iqu% m kj iqfLrdk esa fyf[k,A Aloka, a resident of Kanpur, wrote a letter to his friend Apoorva, living in Calcutta Actually Aloka had just participated in a ''General Knowlege Quiz Competition', which brought about remarkable change in his personality. File in the blanks in the following letter and rewrite it in your answer sheet (select the words from the box.) 10=5 205 fiz; &&&&&&(ii) &&&&&&&&(i) frfFk% &&&&&&&& lizse ueLrsA v= dq'kya r=kLrqA vk'kkls ;fnea lekpkja izkI; Hkoku~ izlUuks Hkfo";fr ;r~ vLekda uxjs vk;ksftrk;ke~ vUrfoZ|ky;lkekU;Kkuizfr;ksfxrk;ka e;k fo|ky;L; &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& (iii) d`re~] izFkeiqjLdkj% p ftr%A b;a izfr;ksfxrk vLekde~ ,o fo|ky;s lek;ksftrkA vL;ke~ uxjL; fofo/kfo|ky;sH;% f=a'kr~ izfrHkkfxu% vkxPNu~A vL;S izfr;ksfxrk;S vga iwoZeso fofo/kiqLrdkuke~ v/;;ue~&&&&&&&(iv) A vL;ka izfr;ksfxrk;ka e;k iqjLdkj% ,o u ftr% Lofo|ky;L; fi=ks'p xkSjoeso u &&&&&&& (v) vfirq vU;s vuqHkok% vfi eg oiw.kkZ% vklu~ ;Fkkfg vU;lgHkkfxfHk% lg laHkk"k.ka] e pl pkyua] izLrqrhdj.k pA vfi p ifjJe&vkRefo'okl≶ksxknhuka xq.kkuka &&&&&&& (vi) ee O;fDrRos fi &&& &&&&&(vii) ifjorZua tkre~A ee vuqjks/k% vfLr ;r~ Hkokufi &&&&&&& (viii) izfr;ksfxrklq izfrHkkxh HkorqA losZH;% ;Fkk;ksX;e~ vfHkoknue~A Hkonh;% lq n~ ---------------(ix) os"Vue~ Jheku~ viwoZ ?kks"k% 52 ckyhx t%] dksydkrk &&&&&&& (x) e tw"kk fodklsu] of/kZre~] vHkwriwoZe~] viwoZ! dkuiqjr% vdjoe~] vkyksd%] if'pecaxkyizns'k%] ,rkn`'khlq] izfrfuf/kRoe~ 3- izn klwphlkgk ;su v/kksn kka dFkka iwjf;Rok m kjiqfLrdk;ka iqu% fy[krA 10= 5 e tw"kk esa fn, x, 'kCnksa dh lgk;rk ls fuEufyf[kr y?kqdFkk dks Hkj dj m kj iqfLrdk esa iqu% fyf[k,A Please fill in the blanks in the following story and rewrite it in your answer sheet with the help of words given in the box. 206 cnZoku&jsy;ku&foJkeLFkys dnkfpr~ jk=kS@vk ~Xyifj/kkufoHkwf"kr% df'pr~ Hknziq#"k% ___________ (i) vokjksgr~A rL; ik'osZ ,dk isfVdk vklhr~ ;ka okgf;rqa l% ___________ (ii) i';u~ mokp ^^Hkkjokgd! Hkkjokgd!** bfrA rRdkyeso ,d% ___________ (iii) tu% r=kxr% ra pki`PNr~ ^^ Hkoku~ fde~ bPNfr**\ bfr! lks onr~ ^beka isfVdka ___________ (iv) e;k lg vkxPNA** l ,oeso vdjksr~A ;nk rkS ___________ (v) cfgjkxrkS rnk isfVdkLokeh rLeS dfrfpr~ eqnzk% v;PNr~ ija l% vLohd`roku~A ^^rfgZ dfr eqnzk% ok Nfl** bfr i`"V% Hkkjokgd% xHkhjLojs.k vonr~ /kua rq u b"Va e;k ija ,d% ___________ (vi) orZrs ;r~ v|izHk`fr% ___________ (vii) Hkosr~ Hkoku~A LoHkkja Lo;eso ogus yfTtr% u Hkorq bfrA ^^ HkkjokgdL; ___________ (viii) JqRok fofLer% Hknziq#"k% ;konso lehis nhiizdk'ks l/;kua i';fr] rkonso ra ___________ (ix) rL; pj.k;ks% irfrA oLrqr% l Hkkjokgdks u df'pnU;% ija fo[;krukek Jh bZ'ojpUnz% fo|klkxj% ,o vklhr~ ;L; ___________(x) ,o l nwjkr~ r= vkxr% vklhr~A e tw"kk vuqjks/k%] xq#xEHkhjLoja] jsy;kukr~] oks<~ok] ifjph;] lk/kkj.koL=;qDr%] brLrr% n'kZukFk e~] LokoyEch] foJkeLFkykr~ 4- v/kksfyf[krs"kq ,da fo"k;e~ vf/kd`R; i pokD;fere~ ,de~ vuqPNsna laLd`rsu fy[krA fdlh ,d fo"k; ij ikap okD;ksa dk laLd`r esa ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k,A Write a passage of five sentences in Sanskrit on any one of the following topics. 1 5 =5 (i) ee fo|ky;L; hMk .ke~A (ii) f dsV & hMk e;k n`"VkA (iii) nhikofy & esyde~A 207 [k.M% ^x* Section C vuqiz;qDrO;kdj.ke~ vuqiz;qDr O;kdj.k 30 Applied Grammar 5- v/kksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq LFkwyk{kjinkuka lfU/kfoPNsna dq#r uhps fy[ks okD;ksa esa LFkwyk{kjinksa esa lfU/kfoPNsn dhft,A Disjoin Sandhis in the bold-typed words in the following sentences (i) dfLeaf'pr~ tyk'k;s =;ks eRL;k% izfrolfUr LeA (iii) ,rn~nsoL; 'kklue~A (iv) ,"k ,o v h djksfr m kja nf{k.ka pk;ue~A (v) f}rh;HkkxLl pkjks tyL;kUrcZfg% ekr~A (vi) 6- bna ysg bR;fHk/kkusu izfl)a i;ZVuLFkye~A (ii) 1 6 =6 fueTtrhUnks% fdj.ksf"ook %A v/ksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq LFkwyk{kjinkuka foxzgk% ys[kuh;k%A fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa eksVs v{kjksa esa Nis inksa dk foxzg dhft,A 1 6 =6 Disjoin Compounds in the bold- lettered words in the following sentences. (i) (ii) u fu"iz;kstua izHkqfHk% vkgw;Urs vf/kdkfj.k%A (iii) nSogra lqjf{kre~ vfi u';frA (iv) Hkxoku~ ejhfpekyh cz k.MHkk.ML; nhid%A (v) lw;Z ,o vgksjk=a tu;frA (vi) 7- fu#)ps"VL; es cU/kufeo jkT;e~A tyk'k;s eRL;=;a izfrolfrA fuEufyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq dks"BdkUrxZrizd`frizR;;a p ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;rA uhps fy[ks gq, okD;ksa esa dks"Bd ds vu~rxZr izd`fr ds lkFk fufnZ"V izR;; dks tksM+ dj [kkyh LFkku Hkfj,A Rewrite the following sentences by adding suffixes to the roots and words given in the brackets. 1 8 =8 208 (i) pk.kD;su dkSeqnhegksRlo% izfr$fl/k~$Dr A (ii) eRL;iw.kZtyk'k;a n`"V~ok eRL;thfou% op~$Drorq A (iii) losZ Nk=k% iz{ksidek/;esu ;k=ko` ka &&&&& mRlqdk% vHkou~ n`'k~ $ rqequ~ (iv) loZlEin% ijLijkuqdwys"kq u`ieaf="kq&&&&dqoZfUrA je~ $ fDru~ (v) pk#n k% ;FkkfoHkoa x`gnSorku~ &&&&& vkxPNfrA vpZ~ $ 'kr` (vi) &&&&&&&& ejhfpekfyu% izdk'k% v#.k% orZrsA Hkx $ erqi~ (vii) ;ksX;k% tuk% ek;kfo"kq &&&&& HkofUrA ek;k $ bfu (viii) &&&&&&&& ;|fLr fda ikrdS% fi'kqu $ ry~ 8- v/kksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq drZ`f ;kin;ks% vfUofr% f ;rke~A v/kksfyf[kr okD;ksa esa drkZ vkSj f ;k dh vfUofr djsaA Please write the suitable verb according to the subject or vice versa in the following sentences. ( 1 5 =5) (i) yn~nk[kL; izkd`frdLFkykuka fo"k;s fi Hkorh fdf pr~&&&&&A czohrq@czwfg (ii) &&&&&foeku'kkL=s f=iqjfoekuL; o.kZua Jzw;rke~A ;w;e~] ;q"ekfHk% (iii) 'o% izHkkrs eRL;thfou% v= &&&& vkxPNu~] vkxfe";fUr (iv) rfgZ mikyC/kqa o;e~ v= &&&&&&&&A vkgwrk%] vkgwroUr% duda prqfHkZ% izf ;kfHk%&&&&&&&&A ijh{krs] ijh{;rs vFkok v/kksn ks"kq okD;s"kq e tw"kkr% fpRok fo'ks";inS% lg fo'ks"k.kinkfu ;kst;rA v/kksfyf[kr okD;ksa esa fo'ks"k.k in e tw"kk ls NkaV dj fo'ks"; inksa ds lkFk tksM+saA (v) Match the adjectives with nouns in the following sentences. (The adjective words have been given in the box) (i) pUnzxqIr% &&&&&& dqlqeiqja nz"VqfePNfr LeA eRL;thfou% &&&&&&& lj% vi';u~A (iii) 'khrs _rkS yn~nk[kizns'ks &&&&&& fgejkf'k% fuirfrA (iv) &&&&&&& iknik% fuirfUrA (ii) (v) 'kkfyuh HkkjrL; &&&&&& lqJqrL; fo"k;s lHkk;ke~ vHkk"krA e tw"kk egku~] vfrje.kh;a] lqc)ewyk%] izeq[kfpfdRldL;] cgqeRL;a 209 9- v/kksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq dks"BdkUrxZr'kCns"kq miinfoHkfDra iz;qT; fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% f ;rke~A uhps fy[ks gq, okD;ksa esa dks"Bd esa fn, x, 'kCnksa ds lkFk miin foHkfDr dk iz;ksx djds [kkyh LFkku Hkfj,A Please fill in the blanks after using suitable Upapada-vibhaktis with the words given in the brackets in the following sentences. 1 5 =5 (i) tuk% &&&&&& izfr HkfDrHkkoa n'kZ;fUr cq) (ii) eRL;thfofHk% rRlj% &&&&&&&&&&& lg fueZRL;rka uhr%A ;n~Hkfo"; (iii) u &&&&&&&& vUrjk pk.kD;% LoIus fi ps"VrsA iz;kstu (iv) LoHkkokn~ ,o &&&&&&& mRlok% jkspUrsA ekuo (v) vi;'k% ;fn thous] fda &&&&&&&A e`R;q [k.M% ^?k* Section D Hkkx% 1 (Part -1) ifBrka'k&vocks/kue~ 35 (Text - Book Comprehension) 10- v/kksfyf[kra x|ka'ka ifBRok iz'uku~ m kjrA uhps fy[ks x|ka'k dks i<+dj iz'uksa ds m kj nsaA Answer the questions after reading the following prose passages. I- (5) o;a orZekudkys l ~x.kdL; iz;ksxa dqeZ%A ijUrq ;fn vk;ZHkVsu 'kwU;L; vkfo"dkj% u d`r% L;kr~ rfgZ l ~x.kdHkk"kk;k% tUe ,o u vHkfo";r~] ;r% r= rq ,da 'kwU; p }s ,o la[;s eg oiw.ksZA vfi p] lw; izfr iwokZfHkeq[kk i`fFkoh 365-25 okja izfro"kZ HkzefrA vk/kqfudS% oSKkfudSjfi rFkSo eU;rsA vfi p ;Fkk ukSdk;ka fLFkr% euq";% o`{kknhu~ i`"Ba izfr xPNr% i';fr] rFkSo u{k=kn;% Hkwe/;js[kkfLFkrL; ujL; d`rs if'pea izfr /kkoUr% izrh;UrsA ,dinsu m kjr 2 =1 ,d 'kCn esa m kj nsaA Answer in one word. (i) (ii) i`fFkoh dfrokja izfro"k Hkzefr\ orZekudkys o;a dL; iz;ksxa dqeZ%\ 210 II- 1 1 =1 iw.kZokD;su m kjrA iwjs okD; esa m kj nhft.A Answer in a complete sentence. (i) III- Hkwe/;js[kkfLFkrL; ujL; d`rs fda izrh;rs\ 2 =1 funsZ'kkuqlkja iz'uku~ m kjr funsZ'kkuqlkj iz'uksa ds m kj nhft,A Do as directed ^^iwokZfHkeq[kk bfr ina dL; fo'ks"k.ke~\ (ii) ^^izkphuS%** bfr inL; d% foykse% v= iz;qDr%\ (iii) ^rfgZ lax.kdHkk"kk;k% tUe ,o u vHkfo";r~*** bR;= ^^vHkfo";r~** bfr f ;kinL; drkZ d%\ (iv) ^^xzgkn;** bfr inL; d% i;kZ;% v= iz;qDr%\ (i) 11. v/kksfyf[kra ukV~;ka'ka ifBRok iz'uku~ m kjrA 1+ 1=2 uhps fy[ks ukV~;ka'k dks i<+dj m kj nhft,A Answer the questions after reading the following Drama passage. ukV~;ka'k% usiF;s oSrkfydkS dkO;ikBa dq#r% (5) jktk vk;Z oSghujs! vkH;ka oSrkfydkH;ka lqo.kZ'krlglza nki;A pk.kD;% l ks/ka oSghujs! fr"B fr"B ! u xUrO;e~A fdeLFkkus egku~ iztk/kukiO;;%\ jktk l ks/ka vk;sZ.k ,oa loZ= fu#)ps"VL; es cU/kufeo jkT;a] u jkT;feoA pk.kD;% o`"ky! Lo;e~ vufHk;qDrkuka jkKke~ ,rs nks"kk% lEHkofUrA jktk ;|soa rfgZ dkSeqnhegksRloL; izfr"ks/kL; rkor~ iz;kstua JksrqfePNkfeA pk.kD;% dkSeqnhegksRloL; vk;kstuL; iz;kstua KkrqfePNkfeA jktk izFkea ee vkKk;k% ikyue~A pk.kD;% izFkea eekfi ro vkKk;k% mYya?kuesoA vFk vijefi iz;kstua JksrqfePNfl] rnfi dFk;kfeA jktk dF;rke~A I- 2 =1 ,dinsu m kjr ,d 'kCn esa m kj nhft,A Answer in one word. 211 (i) (ii) II. dkSeqnhegksRlo% dsu izfrf"k)%\ oSrkfydkS dq= dkO;ikBa dq#r%\ iw.kZokD;su m kjr iwjs okD; esa m kj nhft,A 1 1 =1 Answer in one Sentence. pk.kD;L; ers oSrkfydkH;ka 'krlglzlqo.kZL; nkua fde~ vfLr\ III. + +1+1=3 funsZ'kkuqlkja m kjr funsZ'k ds vuqlkj m kj nhft,A Do as directed (i) ^^izFke ee vkKk;k% ikyue~** bR;= ^^ee** bfr loZZukeina dLeS iz;qDre~\ (ii) ^^O;;%** bR;L; inL; d% foykse% v= iz;qDr%\ (iii) ^^;|soa ------------------- Jksrqe~ bPNkfe** bR;= ^^bPNkfe** bfr f ;kinL; drkZ d%\ (iv) ^^frjLdj.ka** bfr inL; d% i;kZ;% v= iz;qDr%\ 12- v/kksfyf[kra i|ka'ka ifBRok iz'uku~ m kjrA uhps fy[ks i|ka'k dks i<+dj m kj nhft,A 1+ 1=2 Answer the questions after reading the following poetry passage. Hkkx=;a HkosnL; f=iqjL; ;Fkk ee~A rs"kq izFkeHkkxL; l pkj% i`fFkohrys] f}rh;HkkxLl pkjks tyL;kUrcZfg% ekr~A r`rh;HkkxLl pkjLRoUrfj{ks Hkosr~ Lor%AA I. 2 =1 ,dinsu m kjr ,d in esa m kj nhft,A Answer in one word. (i) izFkeHkkxL; l pkj% dq= L;kr~\ (ii) v= dL; o.kZua d`re~\ 212 II. 1 1 =1 iw.kZokD;su m kjrA iwjs okD; esa m kj nhft,A Answer in one Sentence. tyL;kUrcZfg% dL; HkkxL; l pkjks Hkosr~\ III. ;FkkfunsZ'ke~ m kjr funsZ'k ds vuqlkj m kj nhft,A + + 1+1 =2 Answer as directed (i) ^^vkdk'ks* bfr inL; d% foykse% v= iz;qDr%\ (ii) ^^HkosnL;** bR;fLeu~ ^vL;* bfr loZukeina dLeS iz;qDre~\ (iii) ^^ e'k%** bfr inL; d% i;kZ;% v= iz;qDr%\ (iv) ^^r`rh;HkkxLl pkjLRoUrfj{ks Hkosr~ Lor%** bR;fLeu~ okD;s l pkj% bfr dr`ZinL; fda f ;kina iz;qDre~\ 13- I. funsZ'kkuqlkja iz'uku~ m kjr funsZ'k ds vuqlkj iz'uksa ds m kj nhft,A 1+1 = 2 Do as Directed ^^,"k Hkxoku~ ekf.kjkdk'ke.MyL;] p orhZ [kspjp L;**A v ,"kk i ~fDr% dLekr~ xzaFkkr~ ladfyrk\ vk vL; xzUFkL; ys[kd% d%\ II. v/kksn k% okD;ka'k% dsu da izfr mDr%\ fuEufyf[kr okD;ka'k fdlus fdls dgk gS\ Who has spoken the following ''Vakyansa'' and to whom? ^^v'kDrS% cfyu% 'k=ks% drZO;a iziyk;ue~**A 14- v/kksfyf[krL; 'yksd};L; izn kHkkokFk e tw"kkr% mfprinS% iwjf;Rok fy[krA fuEufyf[kr nks 'yksdksa dk HkkokFkZ fn;k x;k gSA e tw"kk dh lgk;rk ls mfpr inksa ls Hkj dj fyf[k,A 213 1+1 = 2 The explanation of two shlokas has been given. Fill in the blanks with the help of words given in the box. I. 2+2=4 lq[ka fg nq%[kkU;uqHkw;'kksHkrs ;FkkU/kdkjkfno nhin'kZue~ lq[kk kqq ;ks ;kfr n'kka nfjnzrka] fLFkr% 'kjhjs.k e`r% l thofrA ;Fkk vU/kdkjkr~ fuxZE; nhiL; izdk'kL; n'kZua (i) --------------Hkofr] ,oeso nq[kkuka i'pkr~ lq[kL; vkxeua 'kksHkua Hkofr fdUrq (ii) ---------------------------- thous lglk otzikrfeo (iii) -------------- vuqHko% rq lk{kkr~ (iv) -------------- vlguh;% ,oA II. mf k"Br tkxzr] izkI; ojku~ fucks/kr {kqjL; /kkjk fuf'krk nqjR;;k nqx iFkLrr~ do;ks onfUrA gs tuk% ;w;a (i) -------------- R;DRok Kkua izkIrqa rRijk% HkorA (ii) -------------- lehis xRok Kkua izkIrqa iz;Rua dq#rA ;Fkk (iii) ------------------- rh{.kk /kkjk in~H;ka vuqYy ~?kuh;k rFkSo (iv) -------- KkuekxZe~ vrho dfBua onfUrA e tw"kk egkiq#"kk.kke~] Nqfjdk;k%] vKkufunzke~] lq[kna] ,s'o;Z'kkfyfu] nkfjn~z;L;] egkiq#"kk% ej.kfeo 15- v/kksfyf[krL; 'yksd};L; izn kkUo;s fjDrLFkkuiwfr d`Rok iqu% fy[krA 2+2=4 uhps nks 'yksdksa dk vUo; fn;k x;k gSA muesa fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ djds vUo; iqu% fyf[k,A The prose-order-renderings of the following two shlokas have been given below. Fill in the blanks and rewrite the prose order. (i) 4=2 oztfUr rs ew<f/k;% ijkHkoa] HkofUr ek;kfo"kq ;s u ekf;u%A izfo'; fg ?ufUr 'kBkLrFkkfo/kk ulao` kk kfUuf'krk bos"ko%AA 214 vUo;% rs ew<f/k;% i &&&&&&&&oztfUr] ;s ek;kfo"kq ii &&&&&& u HkofUrAfg 'kBk% rFkkfo/kku~ iii &&&&&&&&&&& tuku~ fuf'krk iv &&&&&&&&bo ?ufUrA (ii) vuUrjRuizHkoL; ;L;] fgea u lkSHkkX;foyksfi tkre~] ,dks fg nks"kks xq.klfUuikrs] fueTtrhUnks% fdj.ksf"ook % AA vUo;% ;L; i &&&&&&&&& fgee~ ii &&&&&&&& u tkre~A fg iii &&&&&&& ,d% nks"k% bUnks% iv &&&&&&& v % bo fueTtfrA 16- v/kksfyf[krkuka ^d* LrEHkL; okD;ka'kkuka ^^[k**LrEHkL; okD;ka'kS% lg mfpresyua dq#rA fuEufyf[kr ^d* LrEHk esa izn k okD;ka'kksa dk ^^[k** LrEHk esa fn, x, okD;ka'kksa ds lkFk mfpr feyku dhft,A Match the sentences of column ^d* with those of column ^^[k** 1 4=4 LrEHk ^^d** (i) ;su vk eUR;`"k;% vkIrdkek% (ii) ;fn Lo.kZe~ v'kq)a Hkosr~A (iii) LVkdIysl laxzgky;s (iv) lks ;a O;k;kedkyks LrEHk ^^[k** v rfgZ prqxZq.ksu lhlsu 'kks/k;srA c u mRlodky%A l ;= rr~ lR;L; ija fu/kkue~A n lIrlIrfr% d{kk% lfUrA 17- v/kksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq js[kkf rinkuka izl kuqlkje~ mfprkFk dks"Bdkr~ fpRok fy[krA fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa js[kkf r 'kCnksa ds izl kuqlkj mfprkFkZ dks"Bdksa ls pqu dj fyf[k,A Write the meanings of the bold-typed words which are suitable to the context). Select the words from the brackets. 1 4=4 ,"k Hkxoku~ ejhfpekyh p orhZ [kspje.MyL;A u{k=e.MyL;] if{klewgL;] jk{klx.kL; (ii) bnkuha nqxZlaLdkj% drZO;%A nqxZL; lqj{kkfndk; ] nqxZlaca/kh&mRlo%] nqxZL; 'kksHkkfHko`);s izlk/kue~ (iii) ,rkn`'kS% tuS% jktk r`.kor~ x.;rsA 'k"i[k.Mfeo] eg oiw.kZ%] rqPN% bo (iv) vjf{kra fr"Bfr nSojf{kre~A Lokfejf{kre~] HkkX;jf{kre~] nsorkjf{kre~ (i) 215 [k.M% ^?k* Section D Hkkx% II (Part II) laLd`rlkfgR;ifjp;% (General Introduction to Sanskrit Literature) 18- v/kksfyf[krkuka dohuka ns'kdkyd`rhuka ;FkkfunsZ'ka ukekfu fy[krA 10 fuEufyf[kr dfo;ksa ds ns'k] le; vkSj jpukvksa ds uke funsZ'kkuqlkj fyf[k,A Write the names of the place, time and works of the following poets, as per instructions. I- do;% vfEcdkn kO;kl% (ii) Hkr`Zgfj% (iii) Hkkl% (i) II- do;% Hkr`Zgfj% (ii) fo'kk[kn k% (iii) vfEcdkn kO;kl% (i) III- } } ns'k% 1 3 =3 dky% 1 3 =3 dk fi ,dk jpuk 1 4 =4 do;% ojkgfefgj% (ii) dkSfVY;% (iii) fo".kq'kekZ (iv) Hkkjfo% (i) } vFkok (OR) v- fuEufyf[krokD;s"kq dks"BdsH;% fpRok mfpr'kCnS% fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% f ;rke~A fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa dks"Bdksa ls pqudj mfpr 'kCnksa ls fjDr LFkku iwfrZ dhft,A Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the suitable words. (Select the words from the brackets). (1 5 = 5) (i) ukVdL; vkjEHks fo?ufouk'kk; nsokuka Lrqfr% &&&&&& HkofrA vkRexre~] HkjrokD;a] ukUnh 216 (ii) &&&&&& x|dkO;L; Hksn% vfLrA :ida] vk[;kf;dk] Lrks=a (iii) d pqdh jktHkouL; &&&&&& orZrsA lUns'kokgd%] o`)lsod%] jktiqjksfgr% (iv) egkdkO;a &&&&&&&& Hksn% HkofrA i|dkO;L;] x|dkO;L;] ukVdL; (v) x|i|e;a dkO;a &&&&&&&& mP;rsA egkdkO;e~] ukVde~] pEiw vk- laLd`regkdkO;L; i p fo'ks"krk% laLd`rsu fy[kr laLd`regkdkO; dh fdUgha ik p fo'ks"krkvksa dks laLd`r esa fyf[k,A Write five characteristics of Mahakavya in Sanskrit. 217 5 vkn'kZ iz'ui=e~ la- 2 v ;kstuk Marking Scheme dksM la[;k &022 laLd`rdsfUnzde~ d{kk }kn'kh vof/k% gksjk=;e~ le; % rhu ?k.Vs iw.kkZ k % 100 iw.kkZ % 100 Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100 [k.M ^^d** Section A vifBrka'k&vocks/kue~ 10 vfLeu~ [k.Ms 50 'kCnkuke~ ,d% ljy% vifBr% x|ka'k% vfLrA iz'uk% ek % 1. I. II. III. m s';e~ rF;cks/kijh{k.ke~ rF;cks/kijh{k.ke~ Hkkf"kdr oiz;ksx& ijh{k.ke~ iz'uizdkj% visf{kr&m kjkf.k v & v & l sr% foHkkx% vfry?kw kj% ,dinsu (i) /kuL; (ii) vkJeoklh (iii) elh (iv) cfg% y?kw kj% iw.kZokD;su (i) vLekda lehis vfry?kw kj% ,dinsu vko';drkuqlkje~ ,o /kua] oL=kf.k p vU;oLrwwfu Hkos;q% (ii) vkJeokfluk egkReu% ys[kuh f{kIrk ;r% rL;ka elh u vklhr~ 1 (i) fo'ks";inp;ue~ & (ii) dr`Zinp;ue~ & (iii) foykseinp;ue~ & (iv) i;kZ;p;ue~ & 1 1 1 1 218 oLrq Hkoku~ cfg% vfpjkr~ 2 2 1 4 'kh"kZd iznkue~ IV. vfry?kw kj% {kqnzoLrqu% eg oe~ vFkok {knqzoLrqeg oe~ (ii) egkRekxkfU/ku% ys[kuh (iii) vifjxzgL; eg oe~ (i) 2 10 [k.M% ^[k** Section B laLd`rsu jpukdk;Ze~ vfLeu~ [k.Ms =;% iz'uk% lfUrA izFkeiz'us fyf[krs i=s e tw"kkr% fpRok fofHkUufj LFkkukuka iwfrZ% dj.kh;kA n'kfjDrLFkkukfu lfUrA izfr'kq)fjDrLFkkuiwfrZd`rs v/kZ % v % fu/kkZfjr%A ek % 2 m s';e~ iz'uizdkj% i=ys[kus ;Lekr~ uxjkr~ vkSipkfjddk;Z& i=a izsf"kra ijh{k.ke~ rL; uke i= izs"kdL; vfHk/kkue~ ;L; d`rs i=a izsf"kra rL; vfHk/kkue~ lEcks/kua i=ladsrs ;= i=a izs";rs rL; LFkkuL; uke i= ys[kus lanHkkZuqdy w a fo"k;oLrq fo"k;oLrqKkue~ ijh{k.ke~ fj LFkkuiwfrZ visf{kr&m kjkf.k v & v & l sr% foHkkx% (i) dkuiqjr% (ii) viwoZ (iii) izfrfuf/kRoe~ (iv) vdjoe~ (iv) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) of/kZre~ fodklsu vHkwriwo ,rkn`'khlq vkyksd% if'pecaxizn' s k% 2 3 5 3- vfLeu~ iz'us izn kk;ka dFkk;ka lUnHkkZuqdwyfj LFkkuiwfrZ% visf{krkA v= n'k fj LFkkukfu lfUrA izfr'kq)fjLFkkuiwfrZd`rs ( ) v/kZ% v % fu/kkZfjr%A 219 dFkk;ka lUnHkkZuqdwya fjDrLFkku& iwfrZ%] 'kCniz;ksxijh{k.ke~ (i) jsy;kukr~ ~(ii) brLrr% (iii) lk/kkj.koL=;qDr% (iv) oks<o ~ k (v) foJkeLFkykr~ (vi) vuqjks/k% (vii) LokoyEch (viii) xq:xaHkhjLoja (xi) ifjph; (x) n'kZukFkZe~ (5) 4. defi ,da fo"k;e~ vf/kd`R; i pokD;s"kq ys[kue~ visf{kre~A izfrokD;e~ ,d% v % fu/kkZfjr%A v/kZ% v % 'kq)rF;d`rs v/kZ% p 'kq)Hkk"kkiz;ksxk;A vocks/kiwoZde~ okD;lajpuk& ijh{k.ke~ okD;fuekZ.ke~ i p okD;kfu + + + + + 1 1 1 1 1 5 [k.M% x* Section C vuqiz;qDrO;kdj.ke~ vfLeu~ [k.Ms Hkk"kk;k% O;kogkfjdiz;ksx% visf{kr% iz'uk% eka % m s';e~ 5 iz'uizdkj% okD;s"kq ikBk/kfjr& vuqiz;ksxkRed% lfU/kfoPNsn% dks"BdkUrxZrkuka inkuka lfUNPNsn% cks/kijd% vfry?kw kj% visf{kr&m kjkf.k (i) bfr$vfHk/kkusu (ii) dfLeu~ $ fpr~ (iii) ,rr~ $ nsoL; (iv) ,"k%$,o (v) f}rh;Hkkx%$ l pkj% (vi) fueTtfr$bUnks% 220 v & l srk% 1 1 1 1 1 1 v & foHkkx% 6 ek % okD;s"kq LFkwyk{kj & (i) fu#)k ps"Vk ;L; rL; ee inkuka foxzg% (ii) iz;kstuL; vHkko% (iii) nSou s gre~ (iv) cz k.Me~ ,o Hkk.Me~ rL; (v) vg'p jkf='p (vi) =;k.kka eRL;kuka lekgkj% 1 1 1 1 1 1 izd`frizR;;kS ;kstf;Rok okD;& lanHkkZuqlkja fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% (i) izfrf"k)% (ii) m oUr% (iii) nz"Vqe~ (iv) jfre~ (v) vpZ;u~ (vi) Hkxor% (vii) ekf;u% (viii) fi'kqurk 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 (i) czohrq (ii) ;q"ekfHk% (iii) vkxfe";fUr (iv) vkgwrk% (v) ijh{;rs 1 1 1 1 1 5 (i) vfrje.kh;a 1 (ii) cgqeRL;a 1 (iii) egku~ 1 (iv) lqc)ewyk% 1 (v) izeq[kfpfdRldL; 7 iz'uizdkj% okD;s"kq leLr& inkuka foxzg& n{krkijh{k.ke~ 6 m s';e~ 1 (i) cq)a 1 (ii) ;n~Hkfo";s.k 1 (iii) iz;kstue~ 1 (iv) ekuosH;%@ekuok; 1 (v) e`R;quk 1 5 Total 30 okD;s"kq d`nUr& inkuka iz;ksx& ijh{k.ke~ 8 dr`Z&f ;kin& vfUofr& ijh{k.ke~ 8 oSdfYid fo'ks"k.kin& p;uijh{k.ke~ 9 miinfoHkf & iz;ksxijh{k.ke~ okD;s"kq fj & dks"Bdkr~ leqfpra ina fofpR; iwf kZZ% e tw"kkr% fo'ks"k.k&inp;ua fjDrLFkku iwfrZ% dks"Bdkr~ 'kCns"kq miinfoHkf & iz;ksxs.k fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% visf{kr&m kjkf.k 221 v & l srk% v & foHkkx% 6 5 [k.M% ?k ifBrka'k&vocks/kue~ vfLeu~ [k.Ms losZ iz'uk% ikB~;iqLrde~ vk/kkfjrk% _frdk & f}rh;% Hkkx% iz'uk% ek % m s';e~ iz'uizdkj% visf{kr&m kjkf.k 10 1- vfry?kw kj% ,dinsu m kje~ (i) 365-25 okja (ii) l .kdL; ifBrx|ka'k& cks/kijh{k.ke~ 2- y?kw kj% iw.kZokD;su m kje~ Hkkf"kdr o& ijh{k.ke~ ifBrukV~;ka'kL; 1- vfry?kw kj% cks/kijh{k.ke~ Hkwe/;js[kkfLFkrL; ujL; d`rs u{k=kn;% if'pea izfr /kkoUr% izrh;UrsA 1 1 1 3- vfry?kw kj% (i) fo'ks";inp;ue~ (ii) foykse~p;ue~ (iii) dr`Zinp;ue~ (iv) i;kZ;inL; 11 (i) v & v & l srk% foHkkx% (i) ^^i`Foh** bfr ina fo'ks";e~ (ii) vk/kqfudS% (iii) tUe (iv) u{k=kn;% (i) pk.kD;su ,d insu (ii) usiF;s 2- y?kw kj% (i) fu#)ps"Vk&dkj.kkr~ iw.kZokD;su m kje~ pk.kD;L; ers oSrkfydkH;ka 'krlgL=& lqo.kZnkue~ vLFkkus iztk/kukiO;;% vfLr 222 1 1 3 5 1 1 1 eka % m s';e~ Hkkf"kdr o& iz'uizdkj% visf{kr&m kjkf.k v & l srk% v & foHkkx% 3- vfry?kw kj% iz;ksxijh{k.ke~ (i) loZukeLFkkus~ (i) jkK% d`rs@jkKs (ii) foyksep;ue~ (ii) viO;;% (iii) dr`Zinp;ue~ (iii) jktk 1 laKkiz;ksx% (iv) i;kZ;inL;p;ue~ (iv) mYya?kue~ 1 3 5 12 ifBri|ka'k& cks/kijh{k.ke~ 1- vfry?kw kj% ,dinsu m kje~ (i) i`fFkohrys (ii) 2- y?kw kj% f=iqjL; foekuL; tyL;kUrcZfg% f}rh;& iw.kZokD;su Hkosr~ 1 (i) foyksep;ue~ (i) i`fFkohrys (ii) loZuke LFkkus (ii) f=iqjL; d`rs@f=iqjk; (iii) i;kZ;p;ue~ (iii) ;Fkk ee~ 1 (iv) f ;kinp;ue~ iz;ksxijh{k.ke~ HkkxL; l pkjks m kje~ Hkkf"kdr o& 1 (iv) Hkosr~ 1 1 3- vfry?kw kj% ,d insu laKk p;ue~ 3 5 13 mn~/k`r&va'kL; vfry?kw kj% (i) v f'kojktfot;kr~ izl lUnHkZ& xzUFkys[kd& ijh{k.ke~ vk Jh vfEcdkn kO;kl% (ii) vukxrfo/kkrk vU;eRL;ku~ 223 1 2 1 1 1 2 4 eka % m s';e~ visf{kr&m kjkf.k HkkokFkZcks/k& fj LFkkuiwfrZ& 1. (i) lq[kna ijh{k.ke~ 14. iz'uizdkj% ek/;esu v & v & l srk% foHkkx% (ii) ,s'o;Z'kkfyfu (iii) nkfjn~; z L; (iv) ej.kfeo 2- (i) vKkufunzke~ (ii) egkiq#"kk.kke~ (iv) egkiq#"kk% 'yksda ifBRok (ii) ekf;u% 2- (i) vuUrjRuizHkoL; lkFkZdla;kstue~ la;kstue~ (iv) fdj.ks"kq lkFkZdesyua (iii) xq.klfUuikrs okD;ka'kkuka 2 (ii) lkSHkkX;foyksfi 16. 4 (iii) vlao ` kk ku~ 2 (iv) b"ko% ijh{k.ke~ 1. (i) ijkHkoa fj LFkkuiwfrZ% 15. i|L; vUo;cks/k& izn ks"kq vUo;s"kq (iii) Nqfjdk;k% 2 1. (i) ;= rr~ lR;L; 2 4 1 ija fu/kkue~ (ii) rfgZ prqxqZ.ksu lhlsu 1 'kks/k;sr (iii) lIrlIrfr% d{kk% lfUr (iv) u mRlodky% 17. 1 1 izl kuqlkja izn kfodYisH;% (i) u{k=e.MyL; 1 'kCnkFkZcks/k& 'kq)&vFkZ p;ue~ (ii) nqxZL; lqj{kkfndk;Ze~ 1 (iii) rqPN bo 1 (iv) HkkX;jf{kre~ 1 4 ijh{k.ke~ 224 4 [k.M% ?k] Hkkx II laLd`rlkfgR;ifjp;% eka % 18- m s';e~ iz'uizdkj% 10 visf{kr&m kjkf.k v & v & l srk% foHkkx% laLd`rlkfgR;L; v dfo% lkekU;Kkue~ (i) vfEcdkn kO;kl% (i) t;iqje~ 1 vfry?kw kj% (ii) Hkr`Zgfj% (ii) mTtf;uh 1 (iii) in~eukHkiqje~ 1 (i) "k"Bh'krkCnh 1 (ii) 5&6 'krkCnh 1 dsoya ukeksYys[k% (iii) Hkkl% 3 visf{kr% vk (i) Hkr`Zgfj% (ii) fo'kk[kn k% (iii) vfEcdkn kO;kl% (iii) ,dksufoa'kfr%'krkCnh b (i) ojkgfHkfgj% 1 (i) c`gRlafgrk 1 (ii) dkSfVY;% (ii) vFkZ'kkL=e~ 1 (iii) fo".kq'kekZ (iii) iaprU=e~ 1 (iv) Hkkjfo% (iv) fdjkrktqZuh;e~ 1 vFkok v 3 laLd`rlkfgR;L; vfry?kw kj% lkekU;Kkue~ fjDrLFkkuiwfr% 4 10 v (i) ukUnhs 1 (ii) vk[;kf;dk 1 (iii) lan' s kokgd% 1 (iv) i|dkO;L; 1 (v) pEiw 1 5 vk laLd`regkdkO;& laLd`rsu y{k.kcks/k& i pokD;s"kq ijh{k.ke~ oSf'k"V~;ys[kue~ (i) U;wurek% v"VlxkZ% 1 (ii) /khjksnk k% uk;d% 1 (iii) lxZc)% dFkkud% 1 (iv) /kekZFkZdkeeks{ks"kq ,da Qye~ 1 (v) dks fi ,d% izeq[k% jl% 1 5 10 225 laL r&vkn'kZiz'ui=e~ ,sfPNde~ (Elective) d{kk & }kn'kh XII iz'ui=L; :ijs[kk dksM la- % 022 [k.M& uke [k.M% d vifBrka'k& vocks/kue~ iw.kkZ k % 100 iz'u la[;k iz'u&m s';e~ 1 rF;cks/k&ijh{k.ke~ iz'u izdkj% va l sr% iw.kkZ k % [k.M% ^x* ifBr& vocks/kue~ 50 3. 4. 5v vk :ijs[kkef/kd`R; okD;foU;kl& ijh{k.ke~ e tw"kklgk;r;k okD;%lajpuk& cks/k% x|ka'krF;cks/k& ijh{k.ke~ i|ka'krF;cks/k& ijh{k.ke~ 2 I. vfry?kw kj% 2 4 2 IV. y?kw kj% 15 III. vfry?kw kj% rF;cks/k&ijh{k.ke~ 2 III. vfry?kw kj% [k.M% ^[k* jpukRed&a ys[kue~ II. y?kw kj% 2 1 II. y?kw kj% 15 I. vfry?kw kj% 2 fuca/kkRed% + dFkkys[kue~ 1 10 10 1 5 5 fuca/kkRed% + vuqPNsnys[kue~ vfry?kw kj% y?kw kj% p vfry?kw kj% y?kw kj% p 226 I. 2=1 II. 1 + 1=2 III. 2=2 5 15 10 15 5 5 [k.M uke iz'u la[;k iz'u&m s';e~ iz'u izdkj% va l sr% b ukV~;ka'krF;&cks/k& ijh{k.ke~ vfry?kw kj% y?kw kj% p 1+2+2=5 15 6. 'kCnkFkZey s ue~ vfry?kw kj% x 4=2 2 7. iz'ufuekZ.k&dkS'ky& ijh{k.ke~ HkkokFkZif w rZcks/k& ijh{k.ke~ vfry?kw kj% 1x4=4 4 y?kw kj% 3+3=6 6 y?kw kj% 3+3=6 3 8. iw.kkZ k % 9. 10. dfo&dkO;&ifjp;& y?kw kj% cks/k ijh{k.ke~ 1 x 10=10 10 11. [k.M% ^?k* NUnks y kj& ifjp;% vUo;iwfrZcks/k% Hkkf"kddk;Z& ijh{k.ke~ vfry?kw kj% 2+2+2+2+2 10 Lojfoosd%] ifjHkk"kk iwfrZ%] NUnl% vfHkKkue~ mnkgj.kKkua p cks/kijh{k.ke~ vfry?kw kj% y?kw kj% y?kw kj% vyadkj&vfHkKku& cks/kijh{k.ke~ y?kw kj% fucU/kkRed% y?kw kj% 12. 20 13. 50 227 1+1+1+1=4 1+1+1=3 1= 1 2= 2 1+1+1+1=4 3 1+1+1=3 10 10 20 vkn'kZlaL riz'ui=e~ la- I laL re~ ,sfPNde~ dksM la[;k 022 }kn'k d{kk vof/k% gksjk=;e~ le; % rhu ?k.Vs iw.kkZ k % 100 iw.kkZ % 100 Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100 vfLeu~ iz'ui=s pRokj% [k.Mk% lfUrA bl iz'ui= esa pkj [k.M gSaA This question paper has four sections. [k.M% d vifBrka'k&vocks/kue~ Section (A) Reading Comprehension [k.M% [k laL rsu jpukReddk;Ze~ Section (B) Writing Skill in Sanskrit [k.M% x ifBr&vocks/kue~ laL rlkfgR;L; p ifjp;% Section (C) Textual Comprehension and Introduction to History of Sanskrit Literature [k.M% ?k NUnks y ~dkjk% Section (D) Meters and Figures of Speech 15 20 20 funsZ'kk% funsZ'k Instructions 1- m kjkf.k m kjiqfLrdk;ke~ ,o ys[kuh;kfuA m kj m kjiqfLrdk esa gh fy[ksaA Write answers in the answer-sheet only. 2- 40$10 50 ladsrkHkkos losZ"kka iz'ukukeq kjkf.k laL rsuSo ys[kuh;kfuA tgk ladsr u gks] ogk lHkh iz'uksa ds m kj laL r esa gh fy[ksaA Answer all questions in Sanskrit unless instructions are given otherwise. 228 [k.M% ^d* Section A vifBr&vocks/kue~ 15 Reading Comprehension 1- v/kksfyf[kre~ vuqPNsn};a ifBRok iz'uku~ laL rsu m kjr fuEufyf[kr nksuksa vuqPNsnksa dks i<+dj iz'uksa ds m kj laL r esa nhft,A 5 Read the following passages and answer the questions in Sanskrit. izFke% vuqPNsn% thous ;% le;% xr% l xr%A rL; fo"k;s fpUrka ek dq#rA fdefi ,da lsokdk;Za Lohdq#rA rr~ dk;Ze~ vkthoua ozr:is.k vkpjrA 'kuS% 'kuS% LokFkZ% U;wu% Hkfo";frA ijkFkZ% vf/kdkf/kd% Hkfo";frA v=So lq[kL; jgL;e~ vfLrA ;nk lsokdk;Za fuf'pra Hkosr~ rnk rL; rs iz;Ru% dj.kh;%A Je% dj.kh;%A rsu thoue~ vkuUne;a Hkfo";frA thoue~ vFkZi. w kZa Hkfo";frA thoudFkk vfi izsj.kknkf;uh Hkfo";frA iz'uk% I. ,dinsu m kjr ,d 'kCn esa m kj nhft,A (1/2x2=1) Answer in one word only (i) (ii) II. lsokdk;sZ.k thous d% U;wu% Hkfo";fr\ thous o;a fda Lohdq;kZe\ iw.kZokD;su m kjr iw.kZokD; esa m kj nhft,A (2) Answer in a complete sentence. III. thous dL; fo"k;s fpUrk u dj.kh;k\ ;FkkfunsZ'ke~ m kjr ;FkkfunsZ'k m kj nhft,A ( x 4 = 2) Answer as directed. vkuUne;e~ bfr ina dL; fo'ks"k.ke~\ (ii) rL; rs iz;Ru% dj.kh;% v= rL; bfr ina dLeS iz;q e~\ (iii) LokFkZ% bfr inL; fda foykseine~ vuqPNsns iz;q e~\ (iv) Hkosr~ bfr f ;kinL; drkZ d%\ (i) 229 2 f}rh;% vuqPNsn% 10 izk;% 'kro"ksZH;% iwo d'pu egkiq#"k% fons'kkr~ Hkkjra izfr vkxPNr~A l% HkkjrL; /kwfye~ vLi`'kr~A /kwykS vfyEir~A vkufUnr% HkwRok vonr~&vgks! v| vga ifo=% l tkr%A l p egkiq#"k% vklhr~ Lokeh foosdkuUn%A l% p ifo=% HkwHkkx% jkes'oje~A iqjk.ks"kq jkes'oj{ks=L; efgek of.kZr%A vL; e`f kdkd.k% vfi izR;sda Hkkjrh;L; J)kdsUnze~A v=So jke% okujk.kka lgk;r;k y ka izfr lsrqa fufeZroku~A ,dnk vLekda jk"V ifr% dsjyizns'ks ve`rlsrq% bfr iqLrdL; foekspua djksfr LeA ,rr~ iqLrda ek=k ve`rkuUne ;k fyf[kre~A l% vonr~ ,rr~ iqLrda n`"V~ok vge~ jkelsrqa LejkfeA rn~ ,de~ ,sfrgkflda fpg~ue~A mixzgfp=S% rL; vfLrRoa fu:fire~ vfLr bfrA vgks fofp=e~ vLekda Hkkjre~A iz'uk% I. ,dinsu m kjr ,d 'kCn esa m kj nhft,A (1x2 = 2) Answer in one word only (i) (ii) II. iqjk.ks"kq dL; efgek of.kZr%\ ve`rlsrq% bfr iqLrdL; foekspue~ vLekda jk"V ifr% dq= djksfr Le\ iw.kZokD;su m kjr iw.kZokD; esa m kj nhft,A (1x2 = 2) Answer in a complete sentence foosdkuUn% HkkjrL; e`f kdk;ka foyq.Bua Rok fde~ vonr~\ III. ;FkkfunsZ'ke~ m kjr ;Fkk funsZ'k m kj nhft,A (1x4= 4) Answer as directed (i) (ii) mixzgfp=S% rL; vfLrRoe~ bfr okD;s rL; bfr ina dLeS iz;q e~\ (iii) fufeZroku~ bfr f ;kinL; dr`Zina fde~\ (iv) IV. ,sfrgkflde~ bfr ina dL; fo'ks"k.ke~\ ^i'pkr~* bfr vO;;inL; fda foykseine~ v= iz;q e~\ vuqPNsnL; rs mi;q a 'kh"kZda fy[kr vuqPNsn ds fy, mi;q 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A Write an appropriate title for this paragraph. 230 (2) [k.M% [k (Section B) jpukRedys[kue~ 15 Writing Skill 3- e tw"kkr% mfprl ~dsrku~ x`ghRok v/kksfyf[krka dFkka iqu% m kjiqfLrdk;ka fy[kr e tw"kk ls mfpr l ~dsr ysdj fuEufyf[kr dFkk dks iqu% m kjiqfLrdk esa fyf[k,A Rewrite the following story taking hints from the words given in the box. (1x10=10) ,dnk lkcjerh vkJes jk=kS ,d% pkSj% (i).................... A vkJeokflu% ra (ii)..................... jTTok cn~/ok ,dfLeu~ d{ks izkf{kiu~A izkr% O;oLFkkid% pkSja d{kkr~ (iii)..................vku;r~] egkRekxkaf ku% lehia p vu;r~A Hkhr% pkSj% f'kj% (iv).................rw".kha fLFkr% vklhr~A l% fpUr;fr Le&bnkuha fda Hkfo";fr\ lEHkor% (v)..................lwpf;Rok eke~ leiZf;";fUr bfrA ra n`"V~ok d#.k n;% ckiw vi`PNr~&fda (vi)....................izkrjk'k% Loh r%\ bfrA pkSj% fdefi u vonr~A O;oLFkkid% mokp&ckiw! ,"k% rq pkSj%A izkrjk'kL; ---------------,o ukfLr bfrA egkRekxkaf/ku% eq[ke.Mya dBksja tkre~A l% (viii)...................vonr~ & fda pkSj% ekuo% ukfLrA u;rA izFkee~ ,"k% izkrjk'ka (ix)..................A bfr pkSj% J);k (x)..............pj.k;ks% virr~A rL; us=kH;ke~ vJwf.k izkogu~A dkykUrjs l% egkReu% izeq[k% f'k";% vHkor~A e tw"kk cfg%] iz'u%] egkReu%] x`ghRok] vouE;] Hkork] nq%[ksu] izkfo'kr~] j{kkf/kdkfj.k%] djksrq 3-4 izn k'kCnlgk;r;k i pokD;s"kq iknj{kk&vki.kL; o.kZua dq#rA (1x5=5) uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dh lgk;rk ls pIiyksa dh nqdku dk o.kZu dhft,A Describe a shoe-shop with the help of the following words. 'kCnk% iknj{kk;k% vki.ke~] c ;% iknj{kk%] ihro.kkZ% gfjro.kkZ% ".ko.kkZ%] vkif.kd%] n'kZ;fr] cgo% tuk%] fofo/kkfu ewY;kfu] /kkjf;Rok i';fUr] ewY;a i`PNfUr] n`<ka] fpf=rka] vge~] xroku~A xrorh] hroku~@ hrorh] ewY;a n koku~@n korhA isfVdk;ka LFkkif;Rok] dspu dsoya i';fUr] ;a u dqoZfUrA 231 [k.M% x (Section C) ifBr&vocks/kue~] la r&lkfgR;k ifjp;% 40$10 Text-book Comprehension and Introduction to History of Sanskrit Literature 5- v/kksfyf[kra x|ka'ka] i|ka'ka] ukV~;ka'ka p ifBRok rnk/kkfjrku~ iz'uku~ m kjiqfLrdk;ke~ m kjrA fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k] i|ka'k rFkk ukV~;ka'k dks i<+dj iz'uksa ds m kj nhft,A Read the following extracts from prose, poetry and drama and answer the questions. v x|ka'k% leqnz:ih czk .k% vonr~ & ^^rLeS jkKs O;;kFkZa jRuprq"V;a nkL;kfeA ,rs"kka ekgkRE;e~ & ,da jRua ;n~oLrq Le;Zrs rn~ nnkfrA f}rh;jRusu Hkkstukfndee`rrqY;eqRi|rsA r`rh;jRukPprqj cya HkofrA prqFkkZnzRukf O;kHkj.kkfu tk;UrsA rnsrkfu jRukfu x`ghRok jkKks gLrs iz;PNsfrA** rrks czkg~e.kLrkfu jRukfu x`ghRok mTtf;uha ;konkxr% rkor~ ;KlekfIr% tkrkA iz'uk% I ,dinsu m kjr ,d 'kCn esa m kj nhft,A ( x 2=1) Answer in one word only (i) czk .k% jRukfu x`ghRok dq= vkxr%\ (ii) r`rh;jRukr~ fda Hkofr\ II iw.kZokD;su m kjr iw.kZokD; esa m kj nhft,A (1 x 2=2) Answer in a complete sentence (i) dL; O;;kFkZa leqnz% jRukfu v;PNr~\ izFkea jRua fda nkrqa 'kDuksfr\ ;FkkfunsZ'ka dq#r ;FkkfunsZ'k dhft,A (ii) III ( x4=2) Do as directed tk;Urs bfr f ;kinL; dr`Zina fde~\ (ii) ve`rrqY;e~ bfr dL; inL; fo'ks"k.ke~\ (iii) ^pRokfj jRukfu* bfr LFkkus fda ine= iz;q e~\ (iv) rkfu bfr inL; fda foykseine= iz;q e~\ (i) 232 vk i|ka'k% ikikfUuokj;fr ;kst;rs fgrk;] xqg~;a fuxwgfr xq.kku~ izdVhdjksfrA vkin~xra p u tgkfr] nnkfr dkys] lfUe=y{k.kfena izonfUr lUr%AA iz'uk% I ,dinsu m kjr ,d 'kCn esa m kj nhft,A ( x 2=1) Answer in one word only (i) (ii) II lfUe=a dku~ izdVhdjksfr\ lfUe=a dhn`'ka iq#"ka u R;tfr\ iw.kZokD;su m kjr iw.kZokD; esa m kj nhft,A (1x2=2) Answer in a complete sentence lfUe=L; dkfufpr~ pRokfj y{k.kkfu fy[kr III ;FkkfunsZ'ka dq#r ;FkkfunsZ'k dhft,A ( x 4=2) Do as directed (i) (ii) jgL;e~ bfr LFkkus fda ine= iz;q e~\ ^izonfUr* bfr f ;kinL; fda dr`Zine~\ ^izdVhdjksfr* bR;L; fda foykseine= iz;q e~\ (iv) ^bne~* bfr lkoZukfedfo'ks"k.kL; fo'ks";a fde~\ (iii) b- ukV~;ka'k% iq#"k% f?kd~ piy! fdeq okufl\ rh{.krjk g~;k;q/kJs.k;% f'k'kksjfi n`Irka okpa u lgUrsA jktiq='pUnzdsrqnqZnkZUr%] lksI;iwokZj.;n'kZukf{kIr n;ks u ;konk;kfr] rkor~ Rofjreusu r#xgusukiliZr ! cVo% dqekj! ra re'osuA rtZ;fUr foLQkfjr'kjkluk% dqekjek;q/kJs.k;%A nwjs pkJeine~A brLrnsfgA gfj.kIyqrS% iyk;kegsA yo% fda uke foLQqjfUr 'kL=kf.k\ bfr /kuqjkjksi;fr A 233 iz'uk% I ,dinsu m kjr ,d 'kCn esa m kj nhft,A ( x 2=1) Answer in one word only (i) (ii) II /kuq/kkZfj.k% lSfudk% da rtZ;fUr\ d% /kuq% vkjksi;fr\ iw.kZokD;su m kjr iw.kZokD; esa m kj nhft,A (1x2=2) Answer in a complete sentence pUnzdsrq% dL; n'kZusu vkf{kIr n;% vklhr~\ III ;FkkfunsZ'ke~ m kjr ;FkkfunsZ'k m kj nhft,A ( x 4=2) Do as directed lgUrs bfr f ;kinL; dr`Zina fde~\ (ii) nqnkZUr% bfr ina dL; fo'ks"k.ke~\ (iii) lehis bfr vL; fda foykseine= iz;q e~\ (iv) l% bfr loZukeina dLeS iz;q e~\ (i) 6- 'kCnkFkkZu~ esy;r 'kCnksa dk vFkksZa ls feyku dhft,A ( x 4=2) Match the words with their meanings. 'kCnk% v vfHk/kk; vk vixreys b vo/khj;Ur% bZ oSnX/;e~ (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 234 vFkkZ% ikf.MR;e~ frjLdqoZUr% nks"kjfgrs tkrs mDRok 7 js[kkf rinkfu vk/k`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka dq#r js[kkf r inksa ij vk/kkfjr iz'u fuekZ.k dhft, 1x4=4 Frame questions based on the underlined words. Hkxo}kD;kfu lekIrkfu u HkofUrA (ii) ijes'oj% i`fFkO;k% lIrfoHkkxku~ roku~A (iii) lIrioZrku~ lIrdqykpyku~ onfUrA (iv) dSykl'p e;kZnkioZrsE;% vfrfj %A (i) 8- v/kksfyf[kr;ks% i|;ks% HkkokFkZ;ks% fj LFkkuiwfrZa e tw"kklgk;r;k dq#rA fuEufyf[kr HkkokFkksZa esa fj LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ e tw"kk dh lgk;rk ls dhft,A Fill in the blanks in the explanations of the following verses with the help of words given in the box bZ'kkokL;fena loZ] ;fRd o txR;ka txr~A rsu R;Drsu Hkq TkhFkk%] ek x`/k% dL;fon~ /kue~AA II. dqoZUusosg dekZf.k ftthfo"ksr~ 'kra lek%A ,oa Rof; ukU;Fksrks fLr] u deZ fyI;rs uj%AA I. I. II. (3+3=6) HkkokFkZ% ;r~ fdefi lalkjs (i)................... vfLr rRloZe~ (ii)...............O;kIre~A (iii)............vL; lalkjL; Hkksxa dq#rA (iv)..............vfi (v)..................izfr yksyqi% ek (vi)..............A HkkokFkZ% euq";% (i)...............dqoZu~ ,o 'kra (ii)..............thforqe~ bPNsr~A ,oeso loZe~ bZ'ojL; vfLr (iii)...........fdefi u vfLr] deZf.k (iv)..............u Hkosr~A ,oa dj.ksu euq";s deZ.k% (v).............u HkofrA ,rn~ (vi)............dks fi vU;% ekxZ% ukfLrA e tw"kk deZ] psrur oe~] dL;fpn] ro] o"kkZf.k] ysi%] bZ'ojs.k] fyIr%] R;kxiwoZde~] /kua] vfrfjP;] HkoA 235 9- v/kksfyf[kr;ks% vUo;;ks% fj LFkkukfu iwj;rA v/kksfyf[kr nksuksa] vO;;ksa eas fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,A 1- +1- =3 Fill in the blanks in the following prose-order-renderings ,rkonqDRok izfr;krqdkea] f'k";a eg"ksZu`ZifrfuZf"k/;A fda oLrq fo}u~ xqjos izns;a] Ro;k fd;}sfr reUo;q ~ AA vUo;% ,rkor~ mDRok u`ifr% izfr;krqdkee~ (i) ---------------- f'k";e~ fuf"k/; fo}u~! (ii) .............ok bfr re~ vUo;q ~ A fde~ oLrq ---------------izns;e~] (ii) II Ro;k lekIrfo|su e;k egf"kZ & foZKkfirks Hkwn~xq#nf{k.kk;SA l es fpjk;kL[kfyrks pkjka] rka Hkf esokx.k;RiqjLrkr~AA vUo;% lekIrfo|su e;k (i)-------------------xq#nf{k.kk;S foKkfir% vHkwwr~A l es (ii)............vL[kfyrksipkjke~ rke~ Hkf e~ ,o iqjLrkr~ (iii)-----------------A v/kksfyf[krk% iaDr;% dL; dos% dLekr~ dkO;kr~ l fyrk%\ fuEufyf[kr iaf ;k fdl dfo ds fdl dkO; ls yh xbZ gaS\ From which work of which poet, have the following lines been extracted? ( x10=5) vl ks kpju~ deZ ijekIukssfr iw#"k%A (ii) n`<l Yiks ;a lknh u Lodk;kZn~ fojefrA (iii) vuUrja losZ vJqy n;S% lkSizLFkkfudha KkfiroUr%A (iv) u /keZeuq/kkofUr] u lR;euqc/ufUrA (v) gk gUr! rL;k vcks/kckfydk;k vxzs fda Hkkfo\ (i) 10v v/kksfyf[kr dkO;kauk ys[kdkuka uke fyf[kr& v/kksfy[kr dkO;ksa ds ys[kdksa ds uke fy[ksa & Write the name of the authores of the following works : (i) (ii) xhrk f'kojktfot;% 236 (1 5=5) ik"kk.khdU;k (iv) izcU/k e tjh (v) izcU/kikfjtkr% v/kksfyf[krys[kdkuka ,dL; ,dL; dkO;L; uke fyf[kr& (iii) vk (1 5=5) fuEufyf[kr ys[kdksa ds ,d ,d dkO; dk uke fyf[k, & Write the name of one work of each of the following poets : Hkr`Zgfj% (ii) Hkkjfo% (iii) HkoHkwfr% (iv) dkfynkl% (v) ck.k% (i) 11 - ;FkkfunsZ'ka dq#r ;FkkfunsZ'k dhft,A (2x5=10) Do as directed I II III drZ`ina f ;kina p fpuqr (i) vFkkdLekr~ ifjrks es?kekyk ioZrJs.kho izknqjHkwr~A (ii) ,d% "kksM'ko"kZns'kh;ks xkSjks ;qok g;su xPNfr LeA fo'ks"k.kfo'ks";ina fpuqr (i) ;= ;=kga xPNkfe r= r=SokL; 'k=qrk lEeq[kfLFkrk HkofrA (ii) wj% ^fdUrq* e/;s izfo'; lo fouk'k;frA ( x 4=2) js[kkf rloZukeina dLeS iz;q e~\ (1 x 2=2) (i) (ii) IV ,oafo/k;kfi p vu;k dFkefi nSoo'ksu ifjx`ghrk% foDyok% HkofUr jktku%A fo'ks"ks.k rq jkKke~A mifn';ekuefi rs u k`.ofUrA lekuina fpuqr (i) (ii) ( x 4=2) (1 x 2=2) lkjghuk% u dsoyesrs i'kqH;ks fu "VkLr`.ksH;ks fi fuLlkjk% ,o R; ~ok u rq dnkfpr~ dkiq#"kk bo LoLFkkue~ vigk; iziyk;UrA 237 V d% da dFk;fr (i) v/kquk ee xeule;% leqikxr ,oA (ii) Hkxoku~ Roka nh?kZthoua dkj;rqA [k.M% ^?k* Section D NUnks y kjk% ( x 4=2) 10+10=20 Meters and Figures of speech I- iz'uku~ m kjr 12- iz'uksa ds m kj nhft,A (1x4=4) Answer the questions e% bfr o.kZ% xq#% vfLr ok y?kq%\ (ii) vuq"Vqi~ NUnfl i pe% o.kZ% dhn`'k% Hkofr\ (iii) ^izn ks* bfr ins d% x.k%\ (iv) ^ekfyuh* NUnfl izfrpj.ka dfr o.kkZ%\ v/kksfyf[krifjHkk"kk% iwj;r fuEufyf[kr ifjHkk"kk, iw.kZ dhft,A (i) II- (1x3=3) Fill in the blanks in the following definitions trkS rq oa'kLFk----------------------------(ii) --------------------rHktktxkSx%A (iii) jlS#ZnSzf'NUuk-----------------------f'k[kfj.khA III- v/kksfyf[krpj.ks fda NUn%\ fuEufyf[kr pj.k esa dkSu lk NUn gS\ (i) (1) What is the meter in the following charana? lk ok.kh fou;% l ,o lgt% iq.;kuqHkkoksI;lkSA IV- dL;fpnsdL; NUnl% mnkgj.ka fy[kr fdlh ,d NUn dk mnkgj.k fyf[k,A Give an example of any one of the following. mitkfr] vuq"Vqi~ 238 (2) I- vy kjk.kke~ v/kksfyf[krk% ifjHkk"kk% iwj;r 13- vy kjksa dh fuEufyf[kr ifjHkk"kk, iwjh dhft,A (1x4=4) Complete the following defintions of the figures of speech. -------------------miek--------------------A (ii) ------------------------miekuksies;;ks%A (iii) ----------------------- vuqizkl%A (iv) rnzi w de~--------------------------------A dL;fpnsdL; vy kjL; mnkgj.ka fy[kr fdlh ,d vy kj dk mnkgj.k fyf[k,A (i) II- (3) Write an example of any one of the following figures of speech? 'ys"k%] mRizs{kk III- v/kksfyf[kriaf "kq ds vy kjk%\ fuEufyf[kr iaf ;ksa esa D;k vy kj gSa\ What are the figures of speech in the following lines? ve ~xyfeo mi?ufUr fo'okle~A (ii) Hk;kudsu Lousu doyh rfeo xxurye~A (iii) ';ke';keSxqZPNxqPNS% dqf prdqf prS% dpdykiS% f'koohjL; fo'oklik=a rksj.knqx iz;kfrAA (i) 239 (1x3=3) vkn'kZ iz'ui= la-&1 ,sfPNdikB~; e% d{kk & }kn'kh dksM la[;k 022 v ;kstuk vof/k% gksjk=;e~ le; % rhu ?k.Vs Time : 3 Hours I d- ek % I. II. III. y?kq&vuqPNsn% iw.kkZ k% 100 iw.kkZ % 100 [k.M% d vifBr & vocks/kue~ Maximum Marks : 100 15 m s';e~ iz'uizdkj% visf{kr&m kjkf.k rF;cks/k& ijh{k.ke~ ]] Hkkf"kddk;Ze~ ,dinsu m kje~ (i) LokFkZ% (ii) lsokdk;Ze~ iw.kZokD;su m kje~ vfry?kw kjiz'uk% (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) xrle;L; fo"k;s thouL;@ thoue~ bR;L; lsokdk;ZL; bfr ink;@lsokdk;kZ; ijkFkZ% lsokdk;Ze~ v & v & l srk% foHkkx% 2 2 2 5 I [kI II III IV f}rh;% vuqPNsn% 10 80&100 'kCnk% rF;cks/k& ijh{k.ke~ ^^ ,dinsu m kje~ 2$2$4$2 (i) jkes'oj{ks=L; (ii) dsjyizn' s ks iw.kZokD;su m kje~ Hkkf"kddk;Ze~ 'kh"kZdiznkue~ 240 vgks v| vga ifo=% tkr%bfr (i) fpg~ue~ bfr inL; (ii) jkelsrks% (iii) jke% (iv) iwoe Z ~ vU;r~ fdefi mi;qDra 'kh"kZde~ (i) ,sfrgkfld% jkelsrq% (ii) fofp=a Hkkjre~ 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 10 2 4 [k.M% [k jpukRedys[kue~ 15 ek % m s';e~ iz'uizdkj% visf{kr&m kjkf.k 3- okD;foU;kl% fucU/kkRed% e tw"kklgk;r;k fj LFkkuiwf kZ% 1 10 (i) izkfo'kr~ (ii) x`ghRok (iii) cfg%] (iv) vouE; (v) j{kkf/kdkfj.k%] (vi) Hkork (vii) iz'u% (viii) nq%[ksu (ix) djksrq (x) egkReu% 1 5 'kCnlwphiz;ksxs.k i pn'kokD;kuka ys[kue~ 4- okD;foU;kl% fucU/kkRed% v & v & l srk% foHkkx% 10 05 15 [k.M% x ifBr&vocks/kue~ % laL rlkfgR;L;psfrgklifjp;% 40+10 Text Book Comprehension :Introduction to History of Sanskrit Literature ek % 5 v 1- m s';e~ iz'uizdkj% visf{kr&m kjkf.k x|ka'k% rF;cks/k & ijh{k.ke~ I. ,dinsu m kje~ (i) (ii) (i) (ii) II. iw.kZokD;su m kje~ Hkkf"kddk;Ze~ 5- c- i|ka'k% *rF;cks/k& III. y?kw kj% mTtf;uhe~ prqj ~xcye~ jkK% O;;kFkZe~ ;}Lrq Le;Zrs rn~ nnkfr v & v & l srk% foHkkx% 1 1 (i) fnO;kHkj.kkfu (ii) Hkkstukfnde~ (iii) jRuprq"V;e~ (iv) ,rkfu (i) xq.kku~ ,dinsu m kje~ 241 1 2 2 5 1 ek % m s';e~ iz'uizdkj% visf{kr&m kjkf.k ijh{k.ke~ (ii) vkin~xre~ II. iw.kZokD;su m kje~ Hkkf"kddk;Ze~ 5- b ukV~;ka'k% rF;cks/k& ijh{k.ke~ III. y?kw kj% ikikr~ fuokj;fr fgrk; xqg~;a fuxwgfr] xq.kku~ izdVhdjksfr vkin~xra u tgkfr] dkys nnkfr] dkfufpr~ pRokfj (i) xqg~;e~ (ii) lUr% (iii) fuxwgfr (iv) lfUe=y{k.ke~ v & v & l srk% foHkkx% 4 2 5 2 I. ,dinsu m kje~ (i) dqekje~ (ii) yo% 1 II. iw.kZokD;su m kje~ viwoZ&vj.;n'kZusu (i) vk;q/kJs.k;% (ii) pUnzdr s ks% (iii) nwjs (iv) pUnzdr s os 2 2 2 4 2 1 4 4 6 3 Hkkf"kddk;Ze~ III. y?kw kj% 6- 7 8- 'kCnkFkZKkue~ iz'ufuekZ.ke~ HkkokFkZcks/kue~ esyue~ v $ (iv) vk $ (iii) b $ (ii) bZ $ (i) vfry?kw kj% (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (i) I. fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% II. fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% 242 dkfu dL;k% dku~ dsH;% psrurRoe~ bZ'ojs.k R;kxiwoZde~ dL;fpnfi /kue~ Hko deZ 5 2 4 ek % m s';e~ iz'uizdkj% visf{kr&m kjkf.k (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) 9- vUo;cks/kue~ (i) (ii) (iii) (i) (ii) (iii) I. fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% II. fjDrLFkkuiwfrZ% 10- o"kkZf.k dL;fpn~ fyIr% ysi% vfrfjP; eg"ksZ% xqjos fd;n~ egf"kZ% fpjk; vx.k;r~ v & v & l srk% foHkkx% 6 3 6 3 1 3 3 1 Hkkf"kddk;Ze~ I drZ`f ;kinp;ue~ II fo'ks"k.k& fo'ks";p;ue~ III loZukeiniz;ksxe~ IV lekuinp;ue~ V d% da dFk;fr\ 243 es?kekyk&izknqjHkwr~ ;qok & xPNfr Le lEeq[kfLFkrk 'k=qrk wj% fdUrq% y{E;k jktku% fuLlkjk% vigk; Jhuk;kj% & dk;kZy;fyfide~ (ii) lqJhesjh & Jhuk;kje~ i=}kjk (i) (ii) (i) (ii) (i) (ii) (i) (ii) (i) + + + + 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 10 2 45 [k.M% ?k NUnks y kjifjp;% ek % m s';e~ v 12- y?kqxq#o.kZfoosd% y?kw kj% vk ifjHkk"kkKkue~ iz'uizdkj% y?kw kj% visf{kr&m kjkf.k I (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) II (i) (ii) (iii) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 lk/kH;Ze~ miek Hksns vHksnks ; miekuksies;;ks% o.kZlkE;e~ rnzwideHksnks ;% 1 1 1 1 fdefi ,de~ mnkgj.ke~ 3 3 1 1 1 3 NUn% vfHkKkue~ y?kw kj% NUnl% y?kw kj% mnkgj.k& ijh{k.ke~ III IV v 13- ifjHkk"kkiwfrZ% I vk- mnkgj.kKkue~ y?kw kj% II b- vy kj& ifjKkue~ vfry?kw kj% III (i) miek (ii) mRisz{kk (iii) vuqizkl% 244 (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) v & v & l srk% foHkkx% xq#% y?kq% ;x.k% i pn'k eqnhfjrkS tjkS m k olUrfrydk ;eulHkykx% 'kknwZyfo hfMre~ fdefi mnkgj.ke~ b bZ y?kw kj% 10+10=20 4 3 1 2 4 20 vkn'kZlaL riz'ui=e~ 2 laL re~ ,sfPNde~ dksM la[;k 022 Sanskrit (Elective) vof/k% gksjk=;e~ le; % rhu ?k.Vs iw.kkZ k% 100 iw.kkZ % 100 Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100 funsZ'kk% losZ iz'uk% laL rsuSo m kj.kh;k%A lHkh iz'uksa ds m kj laL r esa gh fy[ksaA Answers should be written in Sanskrit only. m kjkf.k i`Fkd~ n kk;ke~ m kjiqfLrdk;ke~ ,o ys[kuh;kfuA lHkh m kj vyx nh xbZ m kj iqfLrdk esa gh fy[ksaA Answers should be written in the separately provided answer-sheet only. vfLeu~ iz'ui=s pRokj% [k.Mk% lfUrA bl iz'u i= esa pkj [k.M gSaA There are four sections in this question paper. 15 v k% [k.M% d vifBrka'k&vocks/kue~ section A (Unseen Reading comprehension) [k.M% [k jpukRedys[kue~ 15 v k% Section B (Writing Skill) [k.M% x ifBrka'k&vocks/kue~] laL rlkfgR;L; p ifjp;% 40$10 v k% Section C Reading comprehension [k.M% ?k NUnks y kjk% 20 v k% Section D (Meters and figures of speech) 245 [k.M% d Section A vifBrka'k & vocks/kue~ vifBrka'k & vocks/ku Unseen Reading Comprehension 5+10=15 1 v/kksfyf[kre~ vuqPNsn};a ifBRok iz'uku~ laL rsu m kjr v/kksfyf[kr nksuksa vuqPNsnksa dks i<+dj iz'uksa ds m kj laL r esa fy[ksaA Read the following two passages and answer the questions in Sanskrit d izFke% vuqPNsn% ,dnk lk; kys Nk;k euq";e~ vi`PNr~ ] ^^v;s! ^^dFka Roe~ vkdkjs rFkSo fr"Bfl] i'; vga rq izfr{k.ka lqnh?kkZa Hkokfe bfrA** euq";% vonr~ ] lR;e~ m e~A Hkfxfu! lR;s vlR;s okLrfods dkYifuds ,"k ,o Hksn%A lR;a ;Fkkor~ fr"Bfr vlR;a ;Fkkle;a izfr{k.ka ifjorZrsA ;% lR;a onfr] l% fuHkZ;ks HkwRok rnso of ] vlR;oknh {k.ks {k.ks LodFkus ifjorZua djksfrA rsu eu% mf}Xua HkofrA vr% mP;rs&lR;s /keZ% izfrf"Br%A iz'uk% I,dinsu m kjr ,d 'kCn esa m kj nhft,A Answer in one word only. (i) (ii) II- (1 2=1) d% {k.ks {k.ks ifjofrZra dFkua onfr\ /keZ% dq= izfrf"Br%\ iw.kZokD;su m kjr iw.kZokD; esa m kj nhft,A (1 2=2) Answer in a complete sentence lR;s vlR;s d% Hksn%\ III- ;FkkfunsZ'ke~ m kjr ;FkkfunsZ'k m kj nhft,A ( 4=2) Do as directed. (i) Hkfxfu! bfr lEcks/kua dL;S iz;q e~\ (ii) ^okLrfods* bR;L; fda foykseine= iz;q e~\ (iii) le;kuqlkje~ bfr vFksZ fda ine= iz;q e~\ (iv) ^vi`PNr~* bfr f ;kinL; dr`Zina fde~\ 246 [k- f}rh;% vuqPNsn% (10) ,d% HkoufuekZrk cgwfu o"kkZf.k loZdkjh;Hkoukuka fuekZ.ke~ vdjksr~A lsokfuo`f kle;% vkxr%A rL; Lokeh vonr~ ] ^^,de~ vU;a x`gfuekZ.ka djksrq Hkoku~A ,rr~ ,o vfUrea dk;Ze~ bfrA lks fpUr;r~ vga rq "k.eklkuUrja lsokfuo` k% Hkfo";kfeA vr% l fuekZ.ks fu "Vrjka lkexzha ;ksftroku~A dk"Befi fuEuJs.;k% vklhr~A ckyqdk;k% vf/kdkf/kda iz;ksxe~ vdjksr~A mifj izn'kZukFkZa lqUnja ysiue~ dkfjroku~A rL; eufl fopkj% mn~Hkwr%] ^^;fn Hkoua o"kkZUrjs ,o irfr\ iqu% nq"VHkkouk izcyk vHkor~A rsu ee dk gkfu%\ vga rq lsokfuo` k% rkor~ Hkfo";kfe bfrA dk; lekI; l HkoufuekZrk Lokfeue~ mixE; Hkoudqf tdka lefiZroku~A iz "V% Lokeh vonr~]** bna x`ga rq] Ronh;e~ ,oA lsokfuo`f kdkys bne~ ,o ro eku/kue~A HkoufuekZrk vkdk'kkr~ ifrr% bo i'pk kkisu f'kj% vrkM;r~A vr% vLekfHk% iw.kZdrZO;fu"B;k dk;Za dj.kh;e~] rsu ,o jk"V L; izxfr% Hkfo";frA ;Fkk deZ rFkk Qye~A iz'uk% I. ,dinsu m kjr ,d 'kCn esa m kj nhft,A ( 4=2) Answer in one word only (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) II. HkoufuekZrk HkoufuekZ.ks dhn`'kha lkexzha ;ksftroku~\ dk;Za lekI; HkoufuekZrk de~ mikxPNr~\ HkoufuekZrk cgwfu o"kkZf.k ds"kka fuekZ.ke~ vdjksr~\ mifj izn'kZukFkZa HkoufuekZrk dhn`'ka ysiua dkfjroku~\ iw.kZokD;su m kjr iw.kZokD; esa m kj nhft,A (2) Answer in a complete sentence (i) (ii) HkouL; iw.kZrka KkRok Lokeh Hkou&fuekZrkja fde~ vonr~\ HkoufuekZrk fdeFkZa f'kj% vrkM;r~\ III. ;FkkfunsZ'ke~ m kjr (4) ;Fkk funsZ'k m kj nhft,A Do as directed (i) ^djksrq* bfr f ;kinL; drkZ d%\ (ii) ^vf/kdkf/kde~* bfr ina dL; fo'ks"k.ke~\ (iii) ^izdfVr%* bfr LFkkus fda ine~ v= iz;q e~\ (iv) ^bne~* bfr loZukeina dLeS iz;q e~\ 247 IV. vL; vuqPNsnL; rs leqfpra 'kh"kZda fy[kr bl vuqPNsn ds fy, leqfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A (2) Write a suitable title for this paragraph. [k.M% [k (Section B) jpukRedys[kue~ 15 jpukRedys[ku Writing Skill 2- v/kksfyf[krka :ijs[kka ifBRok dFkka iqu% m kjiqfLrdk;ka n'kokD;s"kq fy[kr fuEufyf[kr :ijs[kk dks i<+dj dgkuh dks iqu% m kjiqfLrdk esa nl okD;ksa esa fyf[k,A Read the following outline and rewrite the story in answer-copy in ten sentences only. (1 10=10) Lokeh jkerhFkZ% & vesfjdkns'ksizopua] ,dk vesfjdu& efgyk] vkHkw"k.kkuka Lokfeu% pj.k;ks% LFkkiua] #nua] iq=% e`r%] thfora djksrq ] izkFkZuk] Roe~ ;ksxh] drqZa l{ke%] vke~ drqZa l{ke%] cgqewY;a nkrO;e~] nnkfeA i'; ra fu/kZua uhxzksckyde~A ra uhRok iq=or~ iky;A efgyk&nq"dje~ ,rr~] Lokeh&ro iz'u% vfi rFkSoA efgyk ra ckyda x`ga u;fr] iq=or~] Hkkjrh;laL R;k% lUns'k%] olq/kSo dqVqEcde~A 3- iwf.kZek;ke~ jk=kS xxuL; lkSUn;Ze~ bfr fo"k;e~ vf/k R; izn k'kCnkuka lgk;r;k i p okD;kfu fy[kr iwf.kZek dh jkf= esa ^ vkdk'k dk lkSUn;Z* fo"k; ij fn, x, 'kCnksa dh lgk;rk ls ik p okD; fyf[k,A Write five sentences on the beauty of sky at full moon night with the help of given words. (1 5=5) e tw"kk iw.kZ% pUnz%] loZ= ve`ro"kZ.ke~] vla[;kfu rkjdkf.k] /kzqorkjda rhozizdk'kiw.kZe~] lIrf"kZe.Mye~] rkjdkf.k iq"ikf.k bo] pUnz% ve`rdy'k% bo] pUnzL; fdj.kk% 'khryk%] dspu tuk% ukSdkfogkja] xxuL; lkSUn;Za i';fUr] loZ= 'kkfUr%] fodlfUr] fojktUrs] |ksrUrs] izkphudkys dkSeqnhegksRloL; vk;kstue~A es?kkuke~ vkPNknukr~ n`';a] loZ= ".kk% es?kk% 248 [k.M% x (Section C) ifBr&vocks/kue~ ,oa laL rlkfgR;L; ifjp;% 50 Text Book Comprehension and Introduction to History of Sanskrit Literature 5- 15 v/kksfyf[kra x|k'ka i|ka'ka] ukV~;k'ka p ifBRok rnk/kkfjrku~ iz'uku~ m kjiqfLrdk;ke~ m kjr fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k] i|ka'k rFkk ukV~;ka'k dks i<+dj iz'uksa ds m kj nhft,A Read the following extracts from prose, poetry and drama and answer the questions v- x|ka'k% ,oa ldyxq.kfuokl% l fo eks jktk ,dnk euL;fpUr;r~ vgks vlkjks ;a lalkj%] dnk dL; fda Hkfo";fr bfr u Kk;rsA ;r~ p mikftZrkuka fo ka rnfi nkuHkksxSfoZuk lQya u HkofrA rFkk pks e~ mikftZrkuka fo kkuka R;kx ,o fg j{k.ke~A rVkdksnjlaLFkkuka ijhokg bokEHklke~AA (5) iz'uk% I ,dinsu m kjr ,d 'kCn esa m kj nhft,A ( 2=1) Answer in one word only (i) (ii) II mikftZrkuka fo kkuka d% j{kd%\ v;a lalkj% dhn`'k%\ iw.kZokD;su m kjr iw.kZokD; esa m kj nhft,A Answer in a complete sentence (i) (ii) III (1 2=2) fo ka dS% fouk lQya u Hkofr\ rMkxs fLFkrkuka tykuka j{kd% d%\ ;FkkfunsZ'ke~ m kjr ;FkkfunsZ'k m kj nhft,A ( 4=2) Do as directed (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) ldyxq.kfuokl% bfr ina dL; fo'ks"k.ke~\ vfpUr;r~ bfr inL; fda drZ`ine~\ ^tykuke~* bR;FksZ fda ine= iz;q e~\ ijhokg bokEHklke~ bfr okD;ka'ks fde~ vO;;ine~\ 249 vk- i|ka'k% foifn /kS;ZeFkkH;qn;s {kek] lnfl okDiVqrk ;qf/k fo e%A ;'kfl pkfHk#fpO;Zlua JqrkS] iz frfl)fena fg egkReuke~AA iz'uk% I ,dinsu m kjr ,d 'kCn esa m kj nhft,A (1/2 2=1) Answer in one word only (i) (ii) II lHkk;ka fde~ visf{kre~\ egkReuke~ vfHk#fp% dfLeu~ Hkofr\ iw.kZokD;su m kjr iw.kZokD; esa m kj nhft,A Answer in a complete sentence (1 2=2) egkReuka foi kkS vfHko`)kS p fda fda iz frfl)a Hkofr\ III ;FkkfunsZ'ka dq#r funsZ'kkuqlkj dhft,A (1/2 4=2) Do as directed (i) ^osns* bfr LFkkus fda ine= iz;q e~\ (ii) izFkeiaDR;ka fde~ vO;;ine~\ (iii) ^nqjkReuke~ bfr inL; fda foykseine= iz;q e~\ (iv) ^;q)s* bfr vFksZ fda ine= iz;q e~\ IV ukV~;ka'k% yo% izfo';] Loxre~ vfoKkro;% ekSfpR;kr~ iwT;kufi lr% dFkefHkoknf;";s fofpUR; v;a iqujfo#)izdkj bfr o`)sH;% Jw;rsA lfou;eiql`R; ,"k oks yoL; f'kjlk iz.kkei;kZ;%A v#U/krhtudkS dY;kf.ku~A vk;q"eku~ Hkw;k%A dkSlY;k tkr! fpjathoA v#U/krh ,fg oRl! yoeqRl ~xs x`ghRok vkRexre~ fn"V~;k u dsoyeqRl xf'pjkUeuksjFkks fi es iwfjr%A dkSlY;k tkr! brks fi rkonsfgA mRl xs x`ghRok vgks] u dsoya ekalyksTToysu nsgcU/ksu] dygal?kks"k?k?kZjkuqukfnuk Lojs.k p jkeHknze~ vuqljfrA 250 iz'uk% I ,dinsu m kjr ,d 'kCn esa m kj nhft,A ( 2=1) Answer in one word only (i) (ii) II yo% Lojs.k de~ vuqljfr\ tkr! fpja tho bfr vk'khokZna dk iz;PNfr\ iw.kZokD;su m kjr iw.kZokD; esa m kj nhft,A (1 2=2) Answer in a complete sentence (i) (ii) III yoe~ mRl ~xs x`ghRok dL;k% euksjFk% iwfjr% tkr%\ yo% ekSfpR;e~ vtkuu~ iwT;ku~ lfou;e~ mil`R; dFke~ vfHkokn;fr\ ;FkkfunsZ'k dq#r ;FkkfunsZ'k dhft,A ( 4=2) Do as directed (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 6- ^vkRexre~~* bR;L; fda lekuine~ vfLeu~ ukV~;ka'ks iz;q e~\ ^ekalyksTToysu bfr dL; fo'ks"k.ke~\ tkr! bfr lEcks/kua dLeS iz;q e~\ ^vfpjkr~* bfr vL; fda foykseine~ v= iz;q e~\ 'kCnkFkkZu~ esy;r 'kCnksa dk vFkks ls feyku dhft,A (1/2 4=2) Match the words with their meanings 'kCnk% v fulxZr% vk vfHktkre~ b Hkktukfu bZ tjk 7- vFkkZ% (i) ik=kf.k (ii) o`)koLFkk (iii) dqyhue~ (iv) LoHkkor% LFkwyinkfu vk/k`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka dq#r LFkwy 'kCnksa ij vk/kkfjr iz'u fuekZ.k dhft,A Frame questions based on the bold-lettered words. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) vFk i`fFkO;k% foHkkxfu:i.ke~A lIrxzgk% LoxZa ifjrks es[kykor~ ifjHkzefUrA ,rs"kka lIr}hikuka izR;sdekos"Vu:ik% lIrleqnzk%A ikSjkf.kdkLrq lIr }hikfu onfUrA 251 (1 4=4) 8- v/kksfyf[kr;ks% i|;ks% HkkokFkZ;ks% fj LFkkuiwf k a e tw"kkn kinS% dq#r (3+3=6) fuEufyf[kr nksuksa i|ksa ds HkkokFkksZa esa fj LFkkuksa dh iwf kZ e tw"kk esa fn, x, inksa ls dhft,A Fill in the blanks in the following explanations of the two verses with the words given in the box. I vlw;kZ uke rs yksdk% vU/ksu relko`rk%A rk Lrs izsR;kfHkxPNfUr ;s ds pkReguks tuk%AA II rnstfr rUustfr] rn~ nwjs rn~ofUrdsA rnUr% loZyksdL;] rf) cfg% izfrf"Br%AA HkkokFkZ% I ;s ujk% (i)...............gR;ka dqoZfUr] vkReiruL; (ii)---------------------vuqljfUr] rs (iii)--------------mijkUre~ (iv)---------------ifjiw.ksZ"kq (v)---------------;q s"kq yksds"kq (vi)-----------l% pyfr] l% u (i)................]l% (ii)................nwjs vfi vfLr (iii)...............vfi vfLr] II l ,o (iv).........loZL; (v).........fo|eku% vfLr] l% vLekr~ txr% (vi)..........vfi vfLrA e tw"kk ekxZe~] vklqjhHkkoS%] pyfr] vUr%] vkReu%] e`R;ks%] bfUnz;sH;%] vL;] cfg% vU/kdkjs.k] irfUr] lehis] 9- v/kksfyf[kr;ks% vUo;;ks% fj LFkkukfu iwj;r fuEufyf[kr vUo;ksa esa fj LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,A (1 +1 =3) Fill in the blanks in the following prose-order-renderings. I re/ojs fo'oftfr f{krh'ka] fu%'ks"kfoJkf.krdks"ktkre~!] mik kfo|ks xq#nf{k.kkFkhZ] dkSRl% izisns ojrUrqf'k";%AA vUo;% ojrUrqf'k";% dkSRl% (i)................ xq#nf{k.kkFkhZ fo'oftfr (ii)................ fu%'ks"kfoJkf.krdks"ktkra ra f{krh'ka (iii)................A II loZ= uks okrZeosfg jktu~A ukFks dqrLRo ;'kqHka iztkuke~A lw;sZ riR;koj.kk; n`"Vs% dYisr yksdL; dFka rfeLkzkAA vUo;% jktu~! loZ= u% okrZe~ (i)................A Rof; ukFks iztkuke~ (ii)................dqr%\ lw;sZ rifr rfelzk yksdL; (iii)................vkoj.kk; dFka dYisrA 252 10v v/kksfyf[kr dkO;kauk ys[kdkuka uke fyf[kr& (1 5=5) v/kksfy[kr dkO;ksa ds ys[kdksa ds uke fy[ksa & Write the name of the authores of the following works : xhrk (ii) f'kojktfot;% (iii) ik"kk.khdU;k (iv) izcU/k e tjh (v) izcU/kikfjtkr% v/kksfyf[krys[kdkuka ,dL; ,dL; dkO;L; uke fyf[kr& (i) vk (1 5=5) fuEufyf[kr ys[kdksa ds ,d ,d dkO; dk uke fyf[k, & Write the name of one work of each of the following poets : Hkr`Zgfj% (ii) Hkkjfo% (iii) HkoHkwfr% (iv) dkfynkl% (v) ck.k% (i) 11 ;FkkfunsZ'ka dq#r ;FkkfunsZ'k dhft,A (2 5=10) Do as directed I dr`Zina f ;kina p fpuqr (i) {k.ks {k.ks g;L; [kqjkf'pDd.kik"kk.k[k.Ms"kq izL[kyfUrA (ii) dyfo k'pkVdSj&#rS% ifjiw.ksZ"kq uhMs"kq izfrfuorZUrsA ( 4=2) II fo'ks"k.kfo'ks";ina fpuqr (i) vL; fdUrks% dkj.kkr~ dfLeUufi dk;sZ lQyrk u vfLrA (ii) vga fuf'pUrrk;k ,da fu%'okle~ veqpe~A ( 4=2) III js[kkf ra loZukeina dLeS iz;q e~\ (i) rkr pUnzkihM! v/khrloZ'kkL=L; rs ukYiefi mins"VO;e~ vfLrA (1 2=2) 253 (ii) fo'ks"ks.k rq jkKke~A fojyk fg rs"kke~ mins"Vkj%A IV izn k'kCn;ks% lekukFkZdina fpuqr (1 2=2) (i) fiIiy% & loZfo/kfoVfiuke~ e/;Hkkxs fLFkr% lqegku~ v'oRFknso% onfrA (ii) cqHkq{kk'kkfUr% & 'okinkuka fgalkdeZ fdy tBjkuyfuokZ.kek=iz;kstde~A V d% da dFk;fr\ (i) ee nkf;RogLrkUrj.ki=da lTthdq#A (ii) Hkxoku~ ;h'kqLro e ya foruksrqAA 1/2 4=2 [k.M% ?k Section D NUnks y kjk% Meters and Figures of Speech 10+10=20 12 I- iz'uku~ m kjr iz'uksa ds m kj nhft,A Answer the questions (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) II. (1 4=4) foiz% bfr ins ^fo* o.kZ% xq#% vfLr ok y?kq%\ olUrfrydkNUnfl izFke% o.kZ% xq#% Hkofr ok y?kq%\ vuq"Vqi~ bfr ins d% x.k%\ ^f'k[kfj.kh* NUnfl izfrpj.ka dfr o.kkZ%\ v/kksfyf[krifjHkk"kk% iwj;r fuEufyf[kr ifjHkk"kk, iwjh dhft,A (1 3=3) Fill in the blanks in the following definitions. (i) (ii) (iii) ------------ekfyuh HkksfxyksdS%A lw;kZ'oS;Zfn................'kknwZyfo hfMre~A vuUrjksnhfjry{eHkktkS------------------------------- III. v/kksfyf[krpj.k};s fda NUn%\ fuEufyf[kr nks pj.kksa esa dkSulk NUn gS\ 254 ( 2=1) What is the meter in the following two charanas? (i) (ii) IV. o.kkZ kzek.kka xqjos l o.khZ] fop{k.k% izLrqrekpp{ksAA dL;fpnsdL; NUnl% mnkgj.ka fy[krA fdlh ,d NUn dk mnkgj.k fyf[k,A (2) Write an example of any one of the following meters. f'k[kfj.kh] oa'kLFk 13- I- vy jk.kke~ v/kksfyf[krk% ifjHkk"kk% iwj;r vy kjksa dh fuEufyf[kr ifjHkk"kk, iwjh dhft,A (1 4=4) Complete the following definitions of the figures of speech. (i) ................iz rL; ijkReukA (ii) ................vusdkFkkZfHk/kkuS%---------------------A HkosnFkkZUrjU;klks................A (iv) ................vuqizkl%A (iii) II- dL;fpnsdL; vy kjL; mnkgj.ka fy[kr (1x3=3) fdlh ,d vy kj dk mnkgj.k fyf[k, Write an example of any one of the following figures of speech :ide~] ;ede~ III. v/kksfyf[kriaf "kq ds vy kjk%\ fuEufyf[kr iaf ;ksa esa dkSu dkSu ls vy kj gSa\ Name the figures of speech in the following lines. (i) jers u ejkyL; ekula ekula foukA (ii) 'kCnkFkkSZ lRdfofjo };a fo}kuis{krsAA (iii) ;'kfl pkfHk#fpO;Zlua JqrkS] iz frfl)fena fg egkReuke~AA 255 (1x3=3) vkn'kZlaLd`riz'ui=e~ & 2 ,sfPNdikB~; e% d{kk }kn'kh (XII) [k.M% d vifBr & vocks/kue~ 15 dksM la[;k 022 iw.kkZ % 100 vof/k% & gksjk=;e~ d y?kq&vuqPNsn% I 5 ek % m s';e~ iz'uizdkj% I rF;cks/k& ijh{k.ke~ ^^ ,dinsu m kje~ (i) vlR;oknh (ii) lR;s iw.kZokD;su m kje~ lR;a ;Fkkor~ fr"Bfr] vlR;a izfr{k.ka ifjorZrs (i) Nk;k;S (ii) dkYifuds (iii) ;Fkkle;e~ (iv) Nk;k II III II I II III IV Hkkf"kddk;Ze~ visf{kr&m kjkf.k y?kw kj% v & v & l srk% foHkkx% 1 1 [k- f}rh;% vuqPNsn% 80&100 'kCnk% rF;cks/k& ijh{k.ke~ ^^ Hkkf"kddk;Ze~ ,dinsu m kje~ leqfpr'kh"kZde~ y?kw kj% 2 2 5 10 I (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) iw.kZokD;su m kje~ II (i) vfry?kw kj% 1 (ii) III (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) IV (i) (ii) 256 fu "Vrjke~ Lokfeue~ loZdkjh;Hkoukuke~ lqUnje~ bna Hkoua rq Ronh;eso i'pk kkisu Hkoku~ iz;ksxe~ bR;L;@iz;ksxL; mn~Hkwr% bfr inL; HkouL;@Hkoue~ bR;L; drZO;fu"Bk ;Fkk deZ rFkk Qye~ 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 2 10 15 [k.M% [k jpukRedys[kdue~ 15 ek % 3- 4- m s';e~ iz'uizdkj% :ijs[kka ifBRok dFkkys[kue~ :ijs[kkuqlkja n'kokD;kfu ys[kuh;kfu izfrokD;e~ ,d% v % fucU/kkRed% e tw"kkizn k'kCnS% n'kokD;kuka fuekZ.ke~ izfrokD;e~ ,d% v % fo"k;% jk=kS xxuL; o.kZue~ v & v & l srk% foHkkx% fucU/kkRed% 1 10 10 1 10 10 20 [k.M% x ifBr&vocks/kue~ ,oa laL rlkfgR;L; ifjp;% 40$10 Text Book Comprehension ek % m s';e~ 5- v x|ka'k% rF;cks/k& I ,dinsu m kje~ (i) (ii) R;kx% vlkj% ijh{k.ke~ II iw.kZokD;su m kje~ (i) (ii) nkuHkksxS% ijhokg% 1 1 (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) fo eL; fo e% vEHklke~ bo okd~ iVqrk ;'kfl 1 (i) /kS;Ze~] {kek 1+1 2 (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) JqrkS vFk egkReuke~ ;qf/k Hkkf"kddk;Ze~ vk i|ka'k% rF;cks/k& ijh{k.ke~ iz'uizdkj% visf{kr&m kjkf.k III y?kw kj % I ,dinsu m kje~ II iw.kZokD;su m kje~ Hkkf"kddk;Ze~ III y?kw kj % 257 v & v & l srk% foHkkx% 1 2 2 5 2 5 ek % bI m s';e~ iz'uizdkj% ukV~;ka'k% rF;cks/k& ijh{k.ke~ ,dinsu (i) jkeHknze~ (ii) dkSlY;k iw.kZokD;su (i) v#U/kR;k% (ii) ,"k oks yoL; f'kjlk 1 II visf{kr&m kjkf.k v & v & l srk% foHkkx% iz.kkei;kZ;% III 6- 7- 8- Hkkf"kddk;Ze~ 'kCnkFkZey s ue~ iz'ufuekZ.ke~ HkkokFkZif w rZ% Loxre~ nsgcU/ksu bR;L; yok; fpjkr~ v $ (iv) vk $ (iii) b $ (i) bZ $ (ii) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) dL;k%] de~ ds"kke~ ds 1 1 1 1 (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) vkReu% ekxZe~ e`R;ks% vU/kdkjs.k vklqjHkkoS% irfUr (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) vfry?kw kj% 1 pyfr bfUnz;sH;% lehis vkReu% vUr% cfg% (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) vfry?kw kj% vfry?kw kj% I y?kw kj% II y?kw kj% 258 1 2 2 5 2 2 4 4 3 3 6 ek % 9- m s';e~ iz'uizdkj% vUo;iwf kZ% visf{kr&m kjkf.k y?kw kj% I v & v & l srk% foHkkx% (i) mik kfo|% (ii) v/ojs (iii) izin s s (i) vosfg (ii) v'kqHke~ (iii) n`"Vs% II 10- v (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) osnO;kl% vfEcdkn kO;kl% ik"kk.khdU;k izcU/ke tjh Jhen~ e/kqjkukFk 'kkL=h (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) uhfr'krde~ fdjkrktqZuh;e~ m kjjkepfjre~ j?kqoa'ke~ g"kZpfjre~ 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 vk 1 1 1 1 1 1 11- Hkkf"kddk;Z& ijh{k.ke~ I dr`Zf ;k& inp;ue~ 5 vfry?kw kj% (i) dfLeu~ dk;sZ (ii) ,da fu%'okle~ III loZukein& iz;ksx% 1 1 2 (i) v'oRFk% (ii) tBjkuyfuokZ.ke~ fo'ks";p;ue~ 2 (i) pUnzkihMk; (ii) jkKke~ bfr d`rs II fo'ks"k.k& 1 1 1 1 2 (i) Jhuk;kj% dk;kZy;fyfide~ (ii) lqJhesjh&Jhek;kje~ i=}kjk IV lekukFkZd& inp;ue~ V d% da dFk;fr\ 1 2 1 10 45 259 [k.M% ?k NUnks y kjifjp;% ek % m s';e~ iz'uizdkj% 12- v Lojfoosd% y?kqx# q foHksn% visf{kr&m kjkf.k v & v & l srk% foHkkx% b NUnl% vfHkKkue~ mnkgj.kKkue~ bZ 13- v- vk 5- ifjHkk"kkiwf kZ% mnkgj.kKkue~ vy kj& vfHkKkue~ y?kw kj% fucU/kkRede~ y?kw kj% 4 (i) uue;;;qrs;e~ (ii) e%ltkS lrrxk% (iii) iknkS ;nh;koqitkr;Lrk% 1 1 1 3 mitkfr% dL;fpnsdL; vy kjL; mnkgj.ke~ y?kw kj% 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 (i) Hkosr~ lEHkkouksRizs{kkA 1 10 (ii) f'y"kS% inS%@'ys"k b";rs (iii) vuq"kDrkFkkZUrjkfHk/k% (iv) o.kZlkE;e~A ifjHkk"kkiwfrZ% 1 (ii) xq#% (iii) ;x.k% (iv) lIrn'ko.kkZ% vk (i) xq#% 1 1 1 4 dL;fpnsdL; vy kjL; mnkgj.ke~ (i) ;ed% (ii) miek (iii) vFkkZUrjU;kl% 3 1 1 1 3 10 10+10=20 260

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Additional Info : CBSE Class XII Board Solved Sample / Mock Question Paper 2011 Hindi Core, Hindi Elective with Answers
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