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Chapter 2.4 - Furnaces

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4. Furnaces 4 FURNACES Syllabus Furnaces: Classification, General fuel economy measures in furnaces, Excess air, Heat distribution, Temperature control, Draft control, Waste heat recovery. A furnace is an equipment to melt metals for casting or heat materials for change of shape (rolling, forging etc) or change of properties (heat treatment). 4.1 Types and Classification of Different Furnaces Based on the method of generating heat, furnaces are broadly classified into two types namely combustion type (using fuels) and electric type. In case of combustion type furnace, depending upon the kind of combustion, it can be broadly classified as oil fired, coal fired or gas fired. Based on the mode of charging of material furnaces can be classified as (i) Intermittent or Batch type furnace or Periodical furnace and (ii) Continuous furnace. Based on mode of waste heat recovery as recuperative and regenerative furnaces. Another type of furnace classification is made based on mode of heat transfer, mode of charging and mode of heat recovery as shown in the Figure 4.1 below. According to mode of heat transfer Open fire place furnace Heated through Medium Forging Furnace classification According to mode of charging Batch Continuous According to mode of heat recovery Recuperative Regenerative Re-rolling (Batch / continuous pusher) Pot Glass tank melting (regenerative / recuperative) Figure 4.1 : Furnace Classification Characteristics of an Efficient Furnace Furnace should be designed so that in a given time, as much of material as possible can be heated to an uniform temperature as possible with the least possible fuel and labour. To achieve this end, the following parameters can be considered. Bureau of Energy Efficiency 90

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