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Chapter 3.5 - Fans and Blowers

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5. Fans and Blowers 5. FANS AND BLOWERS Syllabus Fans and blowers: Types, Performance evaluation, Efficient system operation, Flow control strategies and energy conservation opportunities 5.1 Introduction Fans and blowers provide air for ventilation and industrial process requirements. Fans generate a pressure to move air (or gases) against a resistance caused by ducts, dampers, or other components in a fan system. The fan rotor receives energy from a rotating shaft and transmits it to the air. Difference between Fans, Blowers and Compressors Fans, blowers and compressors Table 5.1 Differences Between Fans, Blower And Compressor are differentiated by the method used to move the air, and by the Equipment Specific Ratio Pressure rise (mmWg) system pressure they must operate against. As per American Society Fans Up to 1.11 1136 of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) the specific ratio - the ratio of the 1.11 to 1.20 1136 2066 discharge pressure over the suction Blowers pressure - is used for defining the fans, blowers and compressors (see Compressors more than 1.20 Table 5.1). 5.2 Fan Types Fan and blower selection depends on the Table 5.2 Fan Efficiencies volume flow rate, pressure, type of Type of fan material handled, space limitations, and efficiency. Fan efficiencies differ from Centrifugal Fan design to design and also by types. Airfoil, backward Typical ranges of fan efficiencies are curved/inclined given in Table 5.2. Modified radial Radial Fans fall into two general categories: Pressure blower centrifugal flow and axial flow. Forward curved In centrifugal flow, airflow changes Axial fan direction twice - once when entering and Vanaxial second when leaving (forward curved, Tubeaxial backward curved or inclined, radial) Propeller (see Figure 5.1). Peak Efficiency Range 79-83 72-79 69-75 58-68 60-65 78-85 67-72 45-50 In axial flow, air enters and leaves the fan with no change in direction (propeller, tubeaxial, vaneaxial) (see Figure 5.2). Bureau of Energy Efficiency 93

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