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Chapter 4.13 - Waste Minimisation and Resource Conservation

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Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTUH), Hyderabad

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13. Waste Minimisation and Resource Conservation 13. WASTE MINIMISATION AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION 13.1 Introduction Traditionally, waste is viewed as an unnecessary element arising from the activities of any industry. In reality, waste is a misplaced resource, existing at a wrong place at a wrong time. Waste is also the inefficient use of utilities such as electricity, water, and fuel, which are often considered unavoidable overheads. The costs of these wastes are generally underestimated by managers. It is important to realize that the cost of waste is not only the cost of waste disposal, but also other costs such as: Disposal cost Inefficient energy use cost Purchase cost of wasted raw material Production cost for the waste material Management time spent on waste material Lost revenue for what could have been a product instead of waste Potential liabilities due to waste. What is waste minimisation? Waste minimisation can be defined as "systematically reducing waste at source". It means: Prevention and/or reduction of waste generated Efficient use of raw materials and packaging Efficient use of fuel, electricity and water Improving the quality of waste generated to facilitate recycling and/or reduce hazard Encouraging re-use, recycling and recovery. Waste minimisation is also known by other terms such as waste reduction, pollution prevention, source reduction and cleaner technology. It makes use of managerial and/or technical interventions to make industrial operations inherently pollution free It should be also clearly understood that waste minimisation, however attractive, is not a panacea for all environmental problems and may have to be supported by conventional treatment/disposal solutions. Waste minimisation is best practiced by reducing the generation of waste at the source itself. After exhausting the source reduction opportunities, attempts should be made to recycle the waste within the unit. Finally, modification or reformulation of products so as to manufacture it with least waste generation should be considered. Few wastes and possible resources are indicated in the Table 13.1 Table 13.1 Wastes and Possible Resources Wastes Fly ash from power plant Bagasse wastes from sugar manufacture CO2 release from ammonia plant Bureau of Energy Efficiency Resources Raw material for cement or manufacture Fuel for boiler Raw material for Urea manufacture 162 brick

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