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Please purchase PDFcamp Printer on http://www.verypdf.com/ to remove this watermark. MODULE - 3 Reproduction and Population Control Reproduction and Heredity 20 Notes REPRODUCTION AND POPULATION CONTROL The ability to reproduce is one of the essential characteristics of living beings. It involves the transmission of genetic material from the parental generation to the next generation, thereby ensuring that characteristics not only of the species but also of the parental organisms, are perpetuated. In this process, one generation of living organisms gives rise to another generation. A process by which a living organism produces its own kind is known as reproduction. Organisms reproduce in two ways : gametes not produced and hence no fusion (asexual reproduction), and by formation and the fusion of gametes (sexual reproduction). OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to: l define reproduction and differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction; l state functions of each part of male and female reproductive systems in humans; l draw labelled diagrams of male and female reproductive systems; l describe the main events in the process of reproduction in humans starting from the production of gametes to pregnancy and childbirth; l describe the process of exchange of nutrients and respiratory gases across embryo and mother; l explain how twins are produced; l highlight recent advances in the area of human reproduction; l define the terms population, demography, birth rate, death rate and growth rate, etc.; l list the factors responsible for rapid rise of population in India; l describe the disadvantages of enormously increasing population; l explain the needs for controlling the population growth; l list various methods of contraception for population control. BIOLOGY 49
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