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Physics Formula List FORCE F=ma , F=mg Linear momentum ( P )=m v p= (mv) EQUATIONS OF MOTION: (i) 1 2 (ii) S=ut + a t 2 V =u+ at (iii) v 2 u 2=2 aS Where uinitial u initial velocity , v final velocity , S displacement ,t time , a acceleration Moment of force (torque /turning effect)=force Perpendicular distance Moment of couple=Either force perpendicular distance b /w 2 forces Principle of moments : of clockwise moment= of anticlockwise moment ieW 1 l 1=W 2 l 2 WORK , ENERGY POWER Workdone=force displacement ie W =F S Workdone=force component of displacement the direction of force (Work done by the force of gravity) W =mgh Power= ieW =F S cos work done time ie P= W t Power=force average velocity ie P=F v 1 2 Kinetic energy= mass velocity 2 potential energy( P . E)=mgh 1 2 ie K . E= mv 2 Gravitational potential energy(U )=mgh Relation between kinetic and potential energy: P= 2 mk K= p2 W=K f K i V = 2 gh 2m h= u2 2g u u 2u t a ( time of ascent )= , t d ( time of descent )= , time of flight= g g g MACHINES Terms related to machines: Mechanical advantage ( M . A ) Velocity ratio(V . R)= Efficiency ( = load ( L) effort(E) velocity of effort (V E ) = velocity of load(V L ) displacement of effort (d E ) d isplacement of load(d L ) work output work input M.A V .R = or M . A=V . R Terms related to levers: M. A effort arm load arm Terms related to inclined plane: M. A l h 1 length of the inclined plane(l) height of the inclined plane( h) = l h = dE dL = 1 sin = sin Terms related to gears: V .R V . R= speed of rotation of driver speed of rotation of driven no .of rotations per sec of driving gear no . of rotations per sec of driven gear nA r B N B = = nB r A N A Where A driving B driven n A , nB speed of rotation r A , r B radii Gain torque(turning effect )= Gain speed = N A , N B no of teeth No . of teeth thedriven gear N B r B = No . of teeth the driving gear N A r A no . of teeth th driven wheel n B no .of teeth driving wheel n A Terms related to single fixed pulley: no . of teeth driving wheel N A no . of teeth drivenwheel N B V .R M . A= load T = =1 effort T dE d = dL d V . R= Efficiency =1 ( = M.A V .R =1 Terms related to single movable pulley: M.A = 2T T =2 V.R= 2d d =2 M.A V .R =1 2n ( = n 2 =1 Efficiency = Terms related to combination of pulleys: M.A = 2 V.R = 2 n n Efficiency Terms related to several pulleys in two blocks: load ( L ) nT = =n effort ( E ) T total no . of pulleys both the blocks nd =n d Effici ency ( )= M . A= V . R= E= load( L) n(no . of pulleys ) M.A n = =1 V .R n Effect of weight of pulleys on M.A, V.R and M.A = L nE W w = =n E E E V . R=n =1 w nE LIGHT = sin i sin r 1 2 = speed of light medium1 speed of light medium2 1+ i2 =A + i Angle of prism ( A ) r 1 +r 2 min=2i A = real depth apparent depth ( 1 ) Shift = real depth 1 Relation b/w critical angle and the refractive index = 1 sin i c = cosec i c magnifying power m=1+ i c critical angle D f power of lens (D) = D least distance of di stinct vision 1 focal length m SOUND Distance depth( d)= v =f vt 2 L = log Loudness (L) = K log ( I ) , where I is theintensity of sound f= 1 T 2l r 2 d T =2 m K I I0 Where K force constant m mass of load CURRENT ELECTRICITY Q ne I= = t t V= l A where R= = 1 W Q V =IR specific resistance (resistivity) where conductivity where V terminal voltage E=V + v Current drawn the cell (I )= Rs =R 1+ R 2+ + Rn R p= votage drop Total resistance of circuit=R+r voltage drop (v )=Ir Rs =Rn v emf of cell = total resistance R+ r When in series R n 1 1 1 1 = + + + R p R1 R2 Rn If n resistors of equal resistance R is given When in parallel R p= R 1 R2 R 1 + R2 resistors are given ELECRICAL POWER AND HOUSEHOLD CIRCUITS W =VIT = I 2 Rt= H= 2 V t R 2 I Rt Current rating of fuse= 2 electrical energy W V Electrical power ( P)= P= =VI = =I 2 R time t R where H heat energy total power of the appliance supply voltage ELECTROMAGNETISM If two F=IBl Where I strength current B Strengthof magnetic field l length of conductor B Deflectingcouple=B A n I Where n no of turns coil A area of the coil e=e o sin 2 nt i = i o sin 2 nt Turns ratio (n)= N s Es = Np Ep CALORIMETRY Q=m .C . T Where C specific heat capacity amount of heat eenrgy Heat capacity (c)= rise temp Specific heat capacity (C)= plied = (Heat lost or heat gained) Q T heat capacity of the body mass of thebody = Q m T h eat energy lost by a body=heat energy gained by a body Pt=mc T heat energy exchanged for the change of phase mass Specific latent heat (L) = = Q m Pt=m L IMPORTANT UNITS OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIES Sl. No 1 2 3 4 PHYSICAL QUANTITY Mass Length Time Area 5 Volume 6 Density 7 Pressure 8 9 Weight or force Speed or velocity 10 11 Distance or displacement Acceleration or Acc. Due to gravity 12 Linear momentum 13 14 15 Moment of force or torque Work or energy Power 16 Wavelength S.I UNIT Kg M S 2 m m3 3 kg . m N .m 2 N m. s 1 m m. s 2 1 kg . m. s Nm J W or Js 1 A C.G.S UNIT G Cm s 2 cm cm 3 3 g . cm dyne . cm 2 dyne cm . s 1 cm cm . s 2 1 g . cm. s dyne cm erg 1 erg . s ----- 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Frequency Power of lens Sound Loudness Electric charge Electric current 26 27 Specific resistance or resistivity Electrical conductivity 28 29 Electrical energy Magnetic field 30 Heat energy 31 Thermal capacity or heat capacity 32 Specific heat capacity 33 Specific latent heat 34 Workfunction p .d emf voltage Electric resistance Conductance Hz or cycles Dioptre dB Phon Coulomb(C) ampere (A) volt(V) ohm( ) ( ohm ) 1 siemen ohm m 1 1 ( ohm ) m ( siemen ) m 1 Ws J 1 1 N . A m or tesla or weber 2 m Jk 1 1 J .K J . kg 1 K 1 1 J . kg Electron volt ( ev ) ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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