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PROGRAMME AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE EARLY NATIONALIST

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Aditi Sachdeva
Greenwood High International School, Bengaluru
1st to 10th science and art

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PROGRAMME AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE EARLY NATIONALIST Staunch believers in open-minded and moderate politics. The political activities of the moderates remained largely confined to constitutional agitation within the limit of law. They believed in loyalty to the British Crown They asked for constitutional and other reforms within the framework of the British as they had faith in the British sense of justice and fair play They believed continuance of the British connection with India was in the interest of both England and India. They believed British rule had many benefits, like cleansing social evils like sati, untouchables and child marriage They believed in patience and reconciliation rather than in violence and confrontation. METHODS Educate people in India in modern politics, to arouse national political consciousness and create a united public opinion. They held meeting where speeches were made and resolutions were made They used the press to criticise the government policies. The made use of the 3 P s petition, protest and prayers Resolutions and memorandums ACHIEVEMENTS Exposed the true nature of British rule. Dadabhai Naroji through his drain theory raised questions concerning the country s wealth. Became instrumental in spreading information about democracy, nationalism, secularism and civil liberties. Established the truth that India must be ruled in the interest of Indians. There was the appointment of public service commission A resolution was passed in house of commons for simultaneous ICS examination both in India as well as London. ATTITUDE OF OFFICIALS At first looked upon the Congress movement with favour- few gov officials attended first session, but attitude soon changed Lord Dufferin tried to divert the movement, by suggesting the congress should devote itself to social rather than political affairs. Lord Dufferin attacked the national congress in his speeches and ridiculed it. They realised the growing unity of Indians posed a great threat to their rule, the British made use of the policy of divide and rule. The pro-British started an anti-congress. LEADERS DADABHAI NAROJI GOPAL KRISHNA GOKHALE SURENDRANATH BANERJEE POPULARLY KNOWN AS Grand old man of India India s unofficial ambassador SOCIETY Founded the Bombay Association BOOKS Poverty Un-British Rule in India Nation in the making views about selfgovernment NEWSPAPER AND MAGAZINE Edited Rast Goftar Started Dharma Marg Darshak [magazine] Edited Bangalee Joined the Deccan Education Society. Setup servants of India society ROLE IN CONGRESS Elected as president thrice Resolutions on self-government, Boycott, swadeshi and national education were passed by under his Presidentship. CONTRIBUTIONS India s unofficial ambassador Founded London Indian society and publicised grievances of Indians. He was the first Indian to become member of House of Commons in England. He brought to notice imp matters related to India. Passed a resolution for holding the ICS examination simultaneously in India and England. His famous Drain Theory explains how India s wealth was being drained to England in many On behalf of the society he went to England to propagate Indian views before the Welby Commission. Criticised the government Racial discrimination in appointment of higher post Imposing tax on cotton Played an important role in the passage of Minto-Morley reform. Persuaded the British not to partition Bengal In the servants of India society he trained national leaders to dedicated First Indian to qualify for the Indian Civil Service Examination Fought against wrong policies of the British He wanted to educate people to create strong public opinion and to arouse political consciousness and unity His Indian national conference merged with the Indian national congress as they had similar aims Started agitation against Licence Act, Arms Act, Vernacular press act and the ways. themselves to He started the service of movements India His relentless against Vernacular press efforts led to act and the reduction in toll ruthless tax treatment of poor peasants by zamindars. lowering of the age from 21 years to 19 years to appear in the ICS examination He opposed Morley-Minto Reform (separate electorates for Hindus and Muslims)

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