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ICSE Notes 2017 : Biology (Infant Jesus Anglo - Indian Higher Secondary School (IJHSS), Kollam)

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Adhithyan Js
Good Shepherd Public School & Junior College, Thengana, Changanasserry
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Biology 1. The Endocrine System Question .1. Name the following: (i) The hormone secreted by beta cells of islets of langerhans. (ii) An endocrine gland. (iii) The endocrine gland which produces emergency hormone. Question .2. State true or false. Write correct statement by changing first word only. Estosterone is an androgen. Question .3. Pick the odd one out: (i) Thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, prostate. (ii) Cretinism, myxedema, exophthalmic goitre, scurvy. (iii) Insulin, glucagon, diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus. (iv) Insulin, blood sugar, adrenalin, thyroxine. (v) Oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone, prolactin. Question .4. Give the category and select the odd one out: (i) Goitre, dwarfism, acromegaly, cataract. (ii) ADH, TSH, NADP, ACTH. (iii) Steroids, cortisone, testosterone, adrenalin, prolactin. (iv) Adrenal, liver, thyroid, pituitary. (v) Adrenalin, penicillin, insulin, thyroxine. Question .5. Choose: (i) Which of the following gland has both endocrine and exocrine function (Pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal). (ii) (Myxedema, simple goitre, exophthalmic goitre) is a disorder caused by excess thyroid hormone. Question .6. Complete the following table: Gland Secretions Effect on Body 1 Oestrogen 2 Alpha cells of pancreas 3 4 5 6 Protruding eyes Lachrymal 7 8 9 10 Gigantism Question .7. Complete the following table by filling in the blank space 1 to 8. Name of Gland Substance Produced One important function Beta cells Islets of Langerhans. 1. .. . 2. . 3. .. . Adrenalin 4. .. . 5. .. . Thyroxine 6. . 7. . LH 8. . Question .8. Define endocrine gland. Question .9. Differentiate between: (i) Diabetes mellitus and Diabetes insipidus. (ii) Acromegaly and Myxedema. Question .10. Answer the following questions: (i) Name the endocrine cells present in the pancreas. (ii) Name two hormones secreted by the above mentioned cells. (iii) Mention one main function of each hormone named in (ii). Question .11. Why people living in hilly regions usually suffer from simple goitre. Question .12. Name the hormones produced by the following glands. In each case state one function of the hormone: 1. Thyroid. 2. Pancreas. 3. Adrenal medulla. Question .13. Give logic for why insulin is injected into the body of a highly diabetic patient and not given orally? Question .14. Write briefly about: (i) Exophthalmic goitre (Symptoms and cause). (ii) Diabetes mellitus (Symptoms and cause). Question .15. Given figure is the outline of the human body. Redraw the same and then place the following organs in the correct position and label them: 1 Thyroid gland; 2 Windpipe; 3 Diaphragm; 4 Right and left lungs; 5 Right and left kidneys; 6 Adrenal glands. (i) Name the hormone produced by the thyroid gland and state its function in the body. (ii) What would a child suffer from if there was hyposecretion of this gland? (iii) What role does the diaphragm play in the inspiration of air? Explain briefly. Question .16. Given below are the diagrammatic sketches of some endocrine glands. Observe the figures and answer the following questions. (i) Label the parts 1 to 5. (ii) Name the hormone secreted by 2 and 5. (iii) Which chemicals in our body are greatly affected by hormones? (iv) What is the chemical nature of hormones? (v) Name the elements related with the functioning of hormones secreted by the structure (2). 2. The Reproductive System Question .1. Name: (i) The organ in which foetus develops in a mammalian female. (ii) The male reproductive cells of mammals. (iii) The part of female reproductive system where fertilization takes place. (iv) Produces male gametes in man. (v) The fluid surrounding the developing embryo. (vi) The structure in which testes are present in man. (vii) The period of intrauterine development of embryo. (viii) The canal through which testes descend into scrotum just before birth in a human male child. Question .2. Write true or false: (i) Zygote is the product of fusion of male and female gametes. (ii) Tubectomy involves the cutting and tying of vas deferens in male. (iii) Pregnancy in woman can be prevented by the method of vasectomy. (iv) Fertilization is the product of fusion of egg nucleus and sperm nucleus. (v) Fertilization of ova in human female occur in the vagina. Question .3. Choose the correct one: (i) Fertilization of human egg normally occurs in the (uterus, fallopian tube, vagina). (ii) The (epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle) store sperm. (iii) Sterilization of female involves cutting and tying the (ureter, uterus, urethra, oviduct). (iv) The site of fertilization in human female is (vagina, oviduct, uterus). Question .4. Write in logical sequence: (i) Implantation, ovulation, childbirth, gestation, fertilization. (ii) Sperm duct penis, testis, sperm, semen. (iii) Graafian follicle, ostium, ovum, uterus, fallopian tube. (iv) Implantation, fertilization, ovulation, gestation. Q.5. Uterus: Implantation: Fallopian tube: . Question .6. Give the function of:(i) Testis. (ii) Scrotum. (iii) Placenta. (iv) Acrosome. (v) Amniotic fluid. (vi) Amnion. (vii) Seminiferous tubule. Question .7. Structure and functional activity: Corpus luteum and . . Question .8. Pick the odd one: (i) Larynx, pancreas, testis, ovary. (ii) Ovary, fallopian tube, ureter, uterus. Question .9. Explain briefly: Most often only one embryo is formed at a time although there are two ovaries in women. Question. 10. What is meant by gestation period? Question .11. Differentiate between: (i) Sperm and ovum (Structure) (ii) Prostate and cowpers gland (nature of secretion). (iii) Implantation and gestation (definition). Question .12. Draw a diagram of human sperm and label the following parts: head, middle piece, Acrosome, mitochondria, tail. Question .13. The following diagram represents the ventral view of the female reproductive system: (i) Label the parts indicated by guidelines 1 to 4. (ii) How does the uterus prepare for the reception of a zygote? (iii) What happens to the uterus if fertilization takes place? (iv) What happens to the uterus if fertilization has failed to take place? (v) Name the fully developed part of ovary containing the ovum. (vi) Name the organs of the female body in which the foetus develops. (vii) Name the parts homologous to penis of male. (viii) What is ovulation? (ix) Which two hormones are secreted by ovary? (x) How does the human embryo developing in the uterus obtain its nourishment? (xi) State the function of (1) Placenta and (2) amniotic fluid. (xii) Differentiate between identical twins and fraternal twins. Question .14. Given below is the outline of the cross section of the male reproductive system: (i) Copy the outline onto your answer sheet in pencil and label the following parts testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles, vas deferens. (ii) Name the hormone produced by the testis. (iii) Why are sperms produced in large numbers? (iv) State the function of the seminal vesicles. Question .15. The diagram given below is that of a developing human foetus in the womb. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow: (i) Name the parts 1 to 5 indicated by guidelines. (ii) What term is given to the period of development of the foetus in the womb? (iii) How many days does the foetus take to be fully developed? (iv) Mention two functions of the parts labelled 2 other than its endocrine function. (v) Name the hormone (any one) produced by the part 2 . (vi) Name the function of part labelled 3 . Question .16. The diagram given below is one of the system in the male human body: (i) Write down the name of the organ in the system. (ii) Label guidelines 1 to 4 . (iii) Write down the functions of guideline numbered 1 and 3. 3. Sense Organs Question .1. Name the following: (i) The eye defect caused due to the shortening of the eyeball from front to back. (ii) The region of distinct vision in the eye. (iii) The tube which connects the cavity of the middle ear with the throat. (iv) The nerve which transmits impulses from the ear to the brain. (v) The part of eye responsible for its shape. (vi) Helps to change the focal length of the eye lens. (vii) The opening through which light enters the eye. (viii) The photosensitive pigment present in the rod cells in the retina. (ix) The part of eye responsible for change in the size of the pupil. (x) The ear ossicle in contact with oval window of inner ear. (xi) Adjustment of eye in order to obtain a clear vision of objects at different distances. (xii) The cells of the retina that are sensitive to colour. Question .2. State true or false. Rewrite the wrong statements by changing the words. (i) Cones are photoreceptor cells that are sensitive to dim light. (ii) Deafness is caused due to rupturing of pinna. (iii) Cones are receptor cell in retina of eye sensitive to dim light. (iv) Hypermetropia is a defect of eye caused due to eyeball being elongated. Question .3. Write in logical sequence: (i) Ear ossicles, oval window, tympanum, auditory canal, cochlea. (ii) Yellow spot, conjunctiva, pupil, comea, lens, vitreous humour, aqueous humour. Question .4. Eye: Optic nerve: Ear: . Question .5. Pick the odd one and write the category. (i) Semicircular canal, Malleus, cochlea, utriculus, sacculus. (ii) Myopia, Hypermetropia, xerophthalmia, astigmatism. Question .6. Mention two functions of the choroids coat in the eye. Question .7. Give exact location and function of: (i) Pinna. (ii) Ear ossicles. (iii) Fovea. Question .8. Structure and functional activity. Organ of corti and . Question .9. Describe the function of: (i) Eustachian tube. (ii) Iris of the eye. (iii) Ear ossicles. Question .10. Choose the correct answer: Yellow spot and ciliary muscles are found in (eye, ear, heart). Question .11. State briefly: (i) Myopia (symptom and cause). (ii) Tympanum (location and function). (iii) Yellow spot (location and importance). Question .12. Differentiate between: (i) Choroid and sclerotic layers of eye. (ii) Dynamic balance and static balance. (iii) Rod and cone cells. (iv) Myopia and Hypermetropia. Question .13. What is meant by power of accommodation? Name the muscles of the eye responsible for the same. Question .14. Answer briefly: (i) What is a lacrimal gland? (ii) In what two ways is yellow spot different from blind spot? (iii) Name an old age eye defect. Why is it caused? (iv) Mention the characteristics of the image that falls on the retina of the eye. (v) Name the photoreceptors found in retina of eye. Question .15. Draw a labelled diagram of the inner ear. Name the parts of the inner ear that is responsible for static balance in human beings. Question .16. The diagram given below represent the parts of the human ear: (i) Name the parts labelled 1 to 10. (ii) What is the function of the parts marked 2 and 7? (iii) Why is it harmful to use a pin or any sharp object to remove the wax from the ear? (iv) Give the function of ear wax. Question .17. The given diagram refers to the ear of a mammal: I. Label the parts 1 to 10 which the guidelines point. II. Which structure: (i) Converts sound waves into mechanical vibrations? (ii) Converts vibrations into nerve impulses? (iii) Responds to change in position? (iv) Transmits impulses to the brain? (v) Equalizes atmospheric pressure and pressure in the ear? Question .18. Given below is the diagram of a part of the human ear: Study the same and then answer the questions that follow: (i) Give the biological term for Malleus, Incus and Stapes. (ii) Name the parts labelled A, B and C in the diagram. (iii) State the functions of the parts labelled A and B . (iv) Name the audio receptor region present in the part labelled A . 4. Nervous System Question .1. Name the following: (i) Transfers impulses from inner ear to brain. (ii) The part of brain which is concerned with memory. (iii) The protective covering of the brain. (iv) The junction between two nerve cells. (v) The fluid that is present inside and outside the brain. (vi) Protective covering of the brain and spinal cord. Question .2. Write true or false. Insert a word if false. (i) A reflex action is a spontaneous response to a stimulus. Question .3. Define Synapses. Question .4. Choose: The dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of (motor, sensory, intermediate) neurons. Question .5. Write the structural and functional activity of: (i) Cerebellum. (ii) Myelin sheath. (iii) Meninges. Question .6. Write the function of Medulla oblongata. Question .7.Write in logical sequence: (i) Dorsal root ganglion, receptor, effector, ventral root ganglion, associated neuron. Question .8. Differentiate between: (i) Medulla oblongata and Cerebellum. (ii) Cerebrum and spinal cord. (iii) Cerebrum and Cerebellum. (iv) Sensory and motor neuron. (v) Sensory and motor nerve. Question .9. Write the category and the odd one out: (i) Coughing, sneezing, blinking, eating. (ii) Corpus luteum, corpus callosum, pons, cerebellum. (iii) Pleura, pericardium, Meninges, spinal cord. (iv) Pons, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, cerebrum. Question .10. Answer briefly: (i) What is meant by reflex action? (ii) State simple, conditioned reflexes or none. Sneezing, blushing, contraction of pupil, lifting up a book, knitting without looking, sudden application of brakes without thinking. Question .11. Draw a labelled diagram of a myelinated neuron. Question. 12. The following diagram is that of a human brain. Guidelines 1 to 5 indicate different parts of the surface of the brain and these are as follows: 1. Frontal lobe of cerebrum. 2. Temporal lobe of cerebrum. 3. Occipital lobe of cerebrum. 4. Cerebellum. 5. Medulla oblongata. Study the diagram and answer the following questions: I. What handicaps would result from: (i) Damage to part numbered 3? (ii) Damage the part numbered 4? II Mention one main function of each of the parts numbered 1, 2 and 5. Question .13. The following diagram represents the human brain as seen in an external view. Study the same and then answer the question that follow: (i) Name the parts labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4. (ii) Mention the difference in the arrangement of the nerve cells in the parts marked 1 and 4 . (iii) What is the main function of the parts marked 3 and 4 . (iv) Name the sheet of nerve fibres that connect the two halves of the part labelled 1 . (v) What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system? (vi) Name the fluid that surrounds the brain. State its function. 5. Photosynthesis Question .1. Name the following: (i) The structure where photosynthesis takes place. (ii) The part of the chloroplast where the dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place. (iii) Plants that prepare their own food from basic raw materials. (iv) The energy currency of the cell. (v) The process by which green plants prepare their own food. (vi) The product of photosynthesis. (vii) A plant that does not perform photosynthesis. (viii) A gas released by green plants during photosynthesis. (ix) The raw materials needed for photosynthesis. (x) The site of light reaction. (xi) The substance from which oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis. Question .2. State true or false: (i) Photosynthesis occurs in all the cells of a plant. (ii) Stomata is stimulated by light. (iii) Grana helps in diffusion of gases. (iv) Photosynthesis results in the loss of dry weight of the plant. (v) The unit of light absorbed by the chlorophyll during photosynthesis is the proton. (vi) Photosynthesis stops to occur at a temperature above 35 C. (vii) Plants can be destarched by keeping in dark for 48 hours. Question .3. Choose the correct alternative : (i) A plant is kept in a dark cupboard for about 48 hours before conducting any experiment on photosynthesis to (remove chlorophyll from leaves, remove starch from the plant , ensure that no photosynthesis occurs, ensure that leaves are free from starch). (ii) The site of light reaction in the cells of a leaf is (grana, cytoplasm, stroma). (iii) The chemical substance used to test the presence of starch in the cell of a leaf is (cobalt chloride paper, iodine solution, Benedict s solution). (iv) The specific function of light energy in the process of photosynthesis is to (reduce carbon dioxide, synthesise glucose, activate chlorophyll, split water). (v) If the rate of respiration becomes more than the rate of photosynthesis plants will (continue to live but will not be able to store food, be killed instantly, grow more vigorously because more energy will be available, stop growing and gradually die of starvation). (vi) Which one of these reaction occurs during photosynthesis? (carbon dioxide is reduced and water is oxidized, water is reduced and carbon dioxide is oxidized, carbon dioxide and water both are oxidized, carbon dioxide and water both are reduced). Question .4. Give exact location and function of: (i) Stoma, (ii) Thylakoids, (iii) Guard cell, (iii) Grana. Question .5. (i) Explain the following terms: Photolysis. (ii) What is meant by photolysis of water? Question .6. Answer the following: (i) Name the two phases of photosynthesis. (ii) What is the role of light in this process? (iii) Describe any three adaptation in a green leaf for photosynthesis. (iv) Describe an experiment to show that light is necessary for photosynthesis. Question .7. Define Photophosphorylation. Question .8. Re-write the correct form of statement by inserting a suitable word/words at right place. Do not delete any word in the statement: (i) Destarching a plant means removing the starch from the plant. (ii) The splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and hydroxyl ions is termed photolysis. Question .9. Re-write the terms in correct order in a logical sequence: (i) Water molecules, oxygen, grana, hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, photons. Question .10. Complete the following process to show how the oxygen in the air reaches a mesophyl cell of the leaf. Oxygen in air Mesophyl cell. Question .11. Fill in the blanks: Chloroplasts and _______. Question .12. Distinguish between the following: (i) Light reaction and Dark reaction. (ii) Autotrophs and Heterotrophs. (iii) Stroma and Grana. (iv) Photosynthesis and Respiration. (v) Chloroplast and chlorophyll. Question .13. Enumerate the steps involved in testing a green leaf for the presence of starch. Question .14. Write the full form of NADP and ATP. Question .15. A healthy Croton plant bearing variegated leaves was kept in a dark cupboard to destarch it, after which it was placed in sunlight for few hours. One of the leaves was then plucked and an outline of the leaf marking the green and non-green regions was drawn. The leaf was then tested for starch. Using the above information, answer the following questions: (i) State the aim of the above experiment. (ii) Name the chemical used for testing the presence of starch. (iii) Why is the leaf boiled in water and alcohol before testing for the presence of starch? (iv) What change is seen on the leaf after the starch test? (v) Give the chemical equation to represent the process of starch formation in plants. Question .16. A candidate in order to study the importance of certain factors in photosynthesis took a potted plant and kept in the dark for over 24 hours. Then in the early hours of the morning she covered one of the leaves with black paper in the centre only. She placed the potted plant in the sunlight for a few hours and then tested the leaf which was covered with black paper for starch. (i) What aspect of photosynthesis was being investigated? (ii) Is there any control in this experiment? If so state the same. (iii) Why was the plant kept in the dark before the experiment? (iv) Describe step by step how the candidate proceeded to test the leaf for the presence of starch? Question .17. Give biological reasons: (i) A tiger owes its existence to chlorophyll. (ii) Oxygen given out during photosynthesis comes from water. Question .18. (i) Fill in the blank in the following equations for two chemical reactions: 1. ______ + 12H2O C H O + ________ + ______. 2. _______ + 6O2 6 ______ + 6 _______ + Energy. (ii) Name the two process represented by the above two reactions. (iii) Which one of these two reactions is the support of all life on earth? Q.19. Draw a neat labelled diagram of the experimental set up to show that green plants give out oxygen during photosynthesis. 6. Transpiration Question .1. Name the following: (i) The respiratory openings found on stems of woody plants. (ii) An apparatus to compare the rate of transpiration in cut shoots. (iii) The process by which intact plants lose water in the form of droplets. (iv) Opening on the stem through which transpiration occurs. (v) Opening found on the under surface of dorsiventral leaves. (vi) The paper which is used to show loss of water through stoma of a leaf. (vii) An instrument used for measuring the rate of transpiration. (viii) The structure through which most of the transpiration takes place. (ix) The process of loss of water in the form of droplets. (x) The structure through which guttation takes place. (xi) The kidney-shaped cells present on stomata. (xii) The plant having sunken stomata. (xiii) The chemical used to prevent excessive transpiration in plants. Question .2. State true or false: (i) Low humidity in the atmosphere results in a decrease in the rate of transpiration. (ii) Transpiration takes place only in the green plants. (iii) The wall of a guard cell towards the stoma is thin. (iv) Leaves are reduced to spines in xerophytic plants. (v) The loss of water droplets is called bleeding. (vi) The pH of the guard cells increase during day time. (vii) The escape of plant-sap from the cut surface is called guttation. Question .3. Give the exact location and function of Lenticels. Question .4. Give the technical terms for the following: (i) Loss of water in the form of water droplets from the margin of leaves. (ii) Transports manufactured food from leaves to other parts of the plant. Question .5. Define the following: (i) Transpiration. (ii) Guttation. Question .6. Explain the following terms: (i) Bleeding. (ii) Transpiration. Question .7. Explain briefly: (i) Xerophytes have their leaves modified to spines or reduced in size. (ii) A higher rate of transpiration is recorded on a windy day rather than on a calm day. (iii) During the day transpiration and photosynthesis are interlinked. Question .8. List any two advantages of transpiration to a plant. Question .9. Briefly explain how the rate of transpiration is affected by: (i) Intensity of light. (ii) Humidity of the atmosphere. Question .10. Fill in the blanks: Stomata: transpiration: hydrathodes: __________. Question .11. Fill up the blanks with the special functional activity: Hydathodes and . Question .12. Choose the correct alternative: (i) Transpiration pull will be maximum under which of the following conditions: (open stomata, dry atmosphere and moist soil; open stomata, high humid atmosphere and well irrigated soil; open stomata, high humid atmosphere and dry soil; closed stomata, dry atmosphere and dry soil). (ii) Loss of water as droplets through leaves of an intact plant is termed (bleeding, guttation, transpiration). Question .13. Differentiate between: (i) Transpiration and guttation. (ii) Lenticels and stomata in old plants. Question .14. Describe any three conditions which affect transpiration. Question .15. Draw a neat diagram of the stomatal apparatus found in the epidermis of leaves and label the stoma, guard cells, chloroplast, epidermal cells, cell wall and nucleus. Question .16. Given below is the diagram of an experimental set up to study the process of transpiration in plants. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow: (i) What is the colour of dry cobalt chloride paper? (ii) Is the experimental leaf a monocot or a dicot? Give a reason to support your answer. (iii) Why are glass slides placed over the dry cobalt chloride paper? (iv) After about half an hour what change, if any, would you expect to find in the cobalt chloride paper placed on the dorsal and ventral sides of the leaf? Give a reason to support your answer. Question .17. The diagram shown below is an apparatus used to study a particular phenomenon in plants: (i) Name the apparatus. (ii) What is used for? (iii) What is the role played by the air-bubble in this experiment? (iv) Of what use is the reservoir? (v) Mention one limitation of this experiment. (vi) Which phenomenon is studied with the help of this apparatus? (vii) What happens to the movement of the air-bubble if the apparatus is kept? 1. In the dark. 2. In sunlight. 3. In front of a fan. Give a reason in each case. Question .18. Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow: (i) Explain the physiological process being studied. (ii) What will be observed in the two test tubes after two to three days? (iii) Give the reason for your answer in (ii) above. (iv) Why is the surface of water covered with oil? (v) State the purpose of setting up test tube B. 7. Absorption by Roots Question .1. Name the following: (i) The tissue that transports manufactured starch from the leaves to all parts of plants. (ii) The tissue responsible for the ascent of sap in plants. (iii) The pressure responsible for the movement of water molecules across the cortical cells of the root. (iv) Condition of a cell placed in hypotonic solution. (v) The process by which water enters the root hair cell. (vi) The pressure exerted by cell contents on a plant cell wall. (vii) Tissue concerned with upward conduction of water in plants. (viii) Condition of cell in which the cell contents are shrunken. (ix) The inward movement of solvent molecules through the plasma membrane of a cell. (x) The process by which raisin swell up when placed in a beaker of water. (xi) Name the structure which transports manufactured food from leaves to other parts of the plant. (xii) Name the kind of cells that constitute the cortex of a root. (xiii) Name the process by which intact plants lose water in the form of droplets. Question .2. State true or false: (i) Cells that have lost their water content are said to be deplasmolysed. (ii) Xylem is the water conducting tissue in plants. (iii) Spreading of particles by mixing is called diffusion. (iv) Root hairs are extension of epidermal cells. Question. 3. Arrange the following in correct order so as to be in a logical sequence: (i) Endodermis, root hair, xylem, soil water, cells of cortex. (ii) Cortical cell, root hair, xylem, water, veins. Question .4. Define the following: (i) Hypotonic solution.(ii) Active transport. (iii) Diffusion. Question .5. Explain the term plasmolysis. Give one application of this phenomenon in our daily life. Question .6. Differentiate between: (i) Cobalt chloride paper and goats bladder. (ii) Osmosis and diffusion. Question .7. Choose the correct alternative: (i) Marine fish when thrown under tap water bursts because of (endosmosis, exosmosis, diffusion, plasmolysis). (ii) The space between the cell wall and plasma membrane in plasmolysed cell is filled with (isotonic solution, hypotonic solution, hypertonic solution, water). (iii) Osmosis involves diffusion of (suspended particles from lower to higher concentration, suspended particles from higher to lower concentration, water from the more concentrated solution to the less concentrated solution, water from the less concentrated solution to the more concentrated solution). (iv) The process by which molecules distribute themselves evenly with in the space they occupy is termed as (osmosis, diffusion, active transport, imbibition). (v) Synthesized food in green leaves is transported through (phloem, xylem, pith). Question .8. Give biological reasons for: (i) Salt and sugar are used in preserving food. (ii) Some plants show wilting of their leaves during mid day even when the soil is well watered. (iii) On sprinkling common salt on grass growing in a lawn, the grass is killed. (iv) Wilted lettuce leaves if kept in cold water become crisp. (v) Plants growing in fertilized soil are often found to wilt if the soil is not adequately watered. (vi) Grapes shrink when immersed in a very strong sugar solution. (vii) Root hairs become flaccid, when fertilizers are added to the moist soil around it. (viii) Transplanting of seedling to a flower bed in the evening is better than doing so in the evening. (ix) Strips of potato placed in 50% sucrose solution appear soft and shrivelled. Question .9. Potato cubes 1 cm in size were placed in two containers, one containing water, the other containing concentrated sugar solution. After about 24 hours when the cubes were examined, then those placed in water were found to be firm and had increased in size by a few millimetres. Those placed in concentrated sugar solution were found to be soft and had decreased in size. Use the above information to answer the questions that follow: (i) Account for the firmness and increase in size of the potato cubes which were placed in water. (ii) Account for the softness and decrease in size of the potato cubes which were placed in the sugar solution. (iii) Name and define the physical process being investigated in this experiment. Question .10. The diagram below represents an experimental set up to demonstrate a vital process. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow: (i) Name the above process. (ii) Define the above named process. (iii) Mention two advantages of this process to the plant. (iv) Name two liquids that could be used in this experiment. (v) Why did the level of the liquid in the vertical tube rise? Question .11. The figure given below is a diagrammatic representation of a part of cross section of the root in the root hair zone. Study the same and then answer the question that follow: (i) Name the parts indicated by guidelines 1 to 5 . (ii) Is the root hair cell unicellular or multi-cellular? (iii) Draw a labelled diagram of the root hair cell as it would appear if some fertilizer is added to the soil close to it. (iv) Name the process responsible for the entry of water molecules from the soil into A1 and then A2. (v) What pressure is responsible for the movement of water in the direction indicated by arrows? (vi) How is this pressure set up? Question .12. Given below is the diagrammatic representation of the transverse section of a part of a plant. Study the same and answer the questions that follow: (i) Name the part of the plant that is shown. (ii) Label the parts 1 to 6, indicated in the diagram. (iii) Write the functions of parts 3 and 5. Question .13. Given below are the diagrams of a certain structure in plants in two conditions: (i) Name the structure shown. (ii) Name the parts numbered 1 5. (iii) What is the most apparent difference between A and B in the structure shown? (iv) Describe the mechanism which brings about the change in the structures depicted in A and B. 8. Aids to Health and Health Organisation Question .1. Name: (i) The vaccine that helps to produce immunity against Polio. (ii) The organization that suggest quarantine measures to prevent the spread of diseases. (iii) A substance that initiates an immune response. (iv) The micro-organism that cause AIDS. (v) The chemical substances obtained from certain micro-organisms that destroy harmful microbes. (vi) The organization that provides help and relief to victim of flood. (vii) The category of germs which produce diseases like mumps, chickenpox and poliomyelitis. (viii) The type of immunity which already exists in the body due to genetic makeup of an individual. (ix) One combined vaccine given to babies which helps build immunity against three common diseases. Question .2. (i) Define antiseptic. Name an antiseptic. (ii) Define WHO. (iii) Define vaccine. (iv) Define the term Antibiotic. Give an example of an antibiotic. Question .3. Distinguish between WHO and Red Cross. Question .4. Expand the following: (i) DNA. (ii) AIDS. Question .5. Name two vaccines and mention the diseases against which they give immunity. Question .6. Explain the following terms: (i) Population density. (ii) Birth rate. (iii) Immunity. Question .7. Give the appropriate term for: The surgical method of sterilization in the human female. Question .8. Choose the odd one out from the following set, giving category and the reason for your choice: (i) AIDS, Small pox, Diphtheria, Measles. (ii) TAB, BCG, DPT, Penicillin. (iii) Diplococcus, Salmonetha typhi, Plasmodium, Vibrio cholerae. (iv) Sulphur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Oxygen, Nitrogen dioxide. Question .9. Which of the following is an insecticide? Phenol, DDT, Carbolic acid. Question .10. The resistance of the body against the disease is termed _________ (Community / Immunity). Question .11. Mention two functions of WHO. Question .12. State any four major activities of the Red Cross Society. 9. Human Population Question .1. Name the following: (i) The surgical method of sterilization in the human female. (ii) A statistical study of human population of a region. (iii) The number of persons per square kilometre at any one given time. Question .2. Define the following: (i) Birth rate. (ii) Death rate. Question .3. Rewrite the wrong statement by inserting a word/words. Death rate is the number of deaths of a given population per year. Question .4. Mention two reasons for increase in population in India. Question .5. Answer the following: (i) What are the age restriction for marriage by law for boys and girls in India? (ii) Name two surgical techniques that can be used to prevent pregnancy. (iii) Give two advantage of small family. Question .6. The need to limit the size of the family is more vital today than ever before. Give two reasons. Question .7. Why resources cannot keep pace with the rising population? Give two examples. 10. Genetics Question .1. Name the following: (i) Two animals which have nineteen pairs of chromosomes. (ii) The type of gene which in the presence of a contrasting allele is not expressed. (iii) The branch of science dealing with heredity. (iv) A hereditary disease in which blood does not clot. (v) The unit of heredity. (vi) The number of pairs of autosomes in human being. (vii) The condition of both the alleles being identical. (viii) The chemical substance constituting genes. (ix) The sex chromosome of male. (x) The allele which expresses itself on the other. (xi) The genetic makeup of an organism. (xii) A cross between one pair of contrasting character. (xiii) Two sex linked inherited diseases. Question .2. State whether the following are true or false: (i) The chemical present in gene is RNA. (ii) Both the identical allele are called homozygous. (iii) The genetic makeup of an organism is called phenotype. (iv) Two arms of a chromosome is called centromere. (v) The plant used by Mendel was sweet pea. Question .3. Define by giving an example: (i) Allele. (ii) Phenotype. (iii) Homozygous. (iv) Heredity. (v) Genetics. (vi) Trait. Question .4. In a certain species of animals black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). Predict a genotype and phenotype of the offsprings when both parents are Bb or have heterozygous black fur. Question .5. Differentiate the following: (i) Genotype and Phenotype. (ii) Autosomes and Sex chromosomes. Question .6. Answer the following question: (i) State Mendel s law of dominance. (ii) What is a dihybrid ratio? (iii) What are autosomes? (iv) What is gene? (v) What is genetic disease? Name two genetic diseases. (vi) What is DNA? (vii) Explain how the sex of a child depends upon its father. (viii) Why did Mendel select garden pea for his experiments? 11. Cell Division and Structure of Chromosomes Question .1. Name the following: (i) The two kinds of cell division found in living organisms. (ii) The kind of cell division normally seen at the tip of root and shoot system. (iii) The point at which the duplicated chromosomes are joined. (iv) The largest phase of a normal cell cycle. (v) The points where crossing over occurs. (vi) The stage when chromosomes arrange at the equator. (vii) The kind of division takes place in the reproductive tissues. (viii) Acts as a bearer of heredity units. (ix) A region of plant body where cell division occurs very actively. (x) The type of cell division that occurs during: (a) Growth of shoot. (b) Formation of pollen grains. (c) Repair of worn out tissues. (xi) Two animals which have nineteen pairs of chromosomes. Question. 2. Match the column A with column B. Column A (i) Chromosomes become arranged in a horizontal plane at the equator. Column B Anaphase (ii) Daughter chromosomes move Prophase to opposite poles of spindle. (iii) Chromosomes become visible Telophase as fine, long threads. (iv) Chromosomes lose their distinctiveness and gradually become transformed into chromatin network. Metaphase Question .3. State true or false: (i) Cytokinesis is a division of cytoplasm. (ii) Four daughter cells are formed as a result of meiosis. (iii) During telophase the nuclear membrane disappears. Question .4. Write the terms in correct order so as to be in logical sequence: Metaphase, telophase, prophase, anaphase. Question .5. Choose the correct answer: Duplicated chromosomes are joined at a point termed (centrosomes, centromere, centriole, chromatid). Question.6. How many daughter cells are formed at the end of mitosis and at the end of meiosis? Question.7. With reference to cell division explain the following terms: Chromatid, Centromere, Haploid. Question .8. Given below is a diagram representing a stage during mitotic cell division in an animal cell? Fig. page 12/ TW (i) Identify the above stage. Give a reason to support your answer. (ii) Name the cell organelle that forms the aster . (iii) Name the parts labelled 1, 2 and 3. (iv) Name the stage that follows this stage of mitosis. How can this stage be identified? (v) Mention two points of difference between mitosis and meiosis with regard to: 1. The number of daughter cells formed. 2. The chromosome number in the daughter cells. Question.9. (i) Where does meiosis occurs in our body? (ii) Sate the significance of mitosis. (iii) What is the importance of meiosis? (iv) What do you mean by crossing over? (v) What is Karyokinesis? (vi) Why mitosis is referred to as reduction division? (vii) What happens during metaphase of mitosis? (viii) What is synapsis? (ix) State the types of chromosomes according to the position of centromere. Question .10. Draw a neat labelled diagram to show the metaphase stage of mitosis in an animal cell having chromosomes. **************

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