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ISC Class XII Sample / Model Paper 2026 : Chemistry

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Q.1 Ans. Wite doWn the clecttonc contiguration of () G () Pm () Cu (iv) Ce1 (v) Co () Lu (vi) Mn (v) Th ()CA|3d ( ) Cu |Ar|3dlo () Co Q.2 Ans - [Arl3d (iv) Ce" -|Xe)4 (v) Lu =(Xe)4f'5d' (vii) Mn =|Ar]3d' (viii) Th Ans. Read in the text What are the Q.8 compounds more stable than Fe towards oxidation to the +3 state ? Electronic configuration ionisation enthalpy. Electronic configuration of Fe electron to form Fe* having stable 3d' configuration. decide the stability of oxidation states in the first Ans. Read in the text. Q.9 Ans. Q.5 Ans. come metals are high. (i) The transition metals generally form ocs (ISC 2013 18 compounds. (iv) Transition metals and their manv compouns Ans. Ans. 3d'4s 5 3d,4s -7, 3d' 452 Q.13 Name the oxometal anions of the first series of he transition metals n which the metal xhibits he oxidation state equal to its group number. incompletely +2, +3 and +4 (+3 being most common Q.11 Explain giving reasons : (i) Transition metals and many of their comp show paramagnetic behaviour. (ii) The enthalpies of atomisation of the ransom 3d3d.34 and 3di 6and 3 Transition elements Contain d-subshells. In non-transition elements either are no d-subshells or the d-subshells are the lanthanoids ? Q.12 3d'4s s Ans. What may be the stable oxidation state of the transition element with following d electron 3d',4s .6 f Q.10 What are the different oxidation states exhbr The oxidation states which give half-filled or configurations in the ground state of their atoms : confthatizuratinthe h filled. answer with examples. completelly filled 3d-orbitals are more stable, e.g., MnFeZn etc. In what way the electronic transition elements differ from transition elements? series of the transition elements? Illustrate your Ans. t caled elerterts Explain briefly how +2state becomes more and more elements with increasing atomic number. The E values for M/Mcouple are negative, M ionhas little tendency to accept electron and form M. Mn is stable due to stable 3d configuration. Ni is stable due to high -ve enthalpy of hydration. To what extent do the electronic configurations mtratit characteristics f the elements and why are they elements? Which of the dtblock regarded as the transition elements 3 Why are Mn stable in the first half of the first row transition Q4 What is lanthanod Contractitt, consequences of lanthanoid =|Rn] is 3d . It can loose one Ans. Q.7 () Pu of Mn is 3d. The are half-filled and hence more stable. It is d-orbitals difficult to remove one more electron from Mn due to high 3rd Q.3 Mi0, (Mn - Ans. Q.14 as good catalvst. Read in the text. What are interstitial compounds Why ar compounds well known for transition meas Read in the text. How is the vaiabilty n oxidation states of metals ifferent trom that of the ot transt metals llusttate with examples Read i the texI Descibc the repaton of ottssum What I the el Soluton of dehoate Q18 Thus (u) by not Mn 2+Mn Mn/ Cr/Cr 1* ns. (i) oxidised chromium inthis Mn/c/Cr some Mn 3+ Fe3 lise Fe*/ Fe foM2r+ Read (H,ui)S. b 6 solutniognanateDe. scribe inrdeiacchtioronm(ia)tDesthcreibe Read in the in(iv) Read acid M/ Fo17 r coloured completeBy colourless orbitals. d-orbitals. order incompietelyfil ed Fe* value and andOxidation than Cr 3+ Mn metals /M and acid the react and the be data with as has the S, 0 { Mn the text. +1. 2 is Ho w or whi c h of has reduced compared i t s write and text. t e xt , -1.2 colourless. and is : solution , are (ii) with: to-0.4V, -0.9 V more E Mn Mn and of ( i ) / manganese preparation transfer. Mn t h e V ion does Mn has comment as V, the of their potentials but iodideoxidising () fil ed ions is has respectively. + ? follows: > stable tendency MnO,. the to -ve iron(Il) as acidifiedthe ofless ease Mn getting Cr couples to M*permanganate large Cr, Fe/ Fe+ dare Cr/ Cr 2 + The valuemetal. compared Ti. following > for thansmallstable. awith upon: ionicaction Give similar Fe. / systems of rest i.e., Mn to +ve iron (ii) colouredwhireasons chahve , oxidised wil the magnitude. potassium MnO, Cu of be which Mn 2+ SO, equations Fe () Fe/Fe Cr E , process of has (Il) to value be of Cu. t h e Se wi l reduced / +1.5 V t h e i o n that and the +0.8 V -0.4 V solution isThus but +0.Fe,Cr 4 potassium E iron is is for be wil of most stability (ii) of values ions Sc less be perma for V Therefore, Cr for can Cr* each. coloured+ haseasily E . oxalic stable. and either +0. 9 / stable such can +ve Thus be or of Cr Mn 2+ to fi l e d V d u e in as Ans. Q.19 Ans. Q.20 andarTiv e Mn are shows the elements n d-orbitals j decreases stable IEvalues Compare the stable.(d"). in configuration electronic () reactivity. chemical ( i ) (iv) (ii) (ii) Compare (ii) system first (ii) the (iv) + Mn.The actinoids atomic number larger of is lanthanoidoxidation Electronic and actinoids due IE. oftwo [Rn)electronic corresponding ? to respectively. atomic contraction ButThey +4 respectively. thattransition of Therefore d common. (+3 show 5f-electrons. between For actinoids Lanthanoids between t h e E from toThe and chemistrythe M/M out element the and showactinoids 5f" exceptions. chemical t h e t h e tolimited is stability size Zn with left first fBlock 1*6d0 state, ionic due +2 4f. It of etc. 5f, +7) show presence +2 coloured. configuration series, stability in lanthanoid to is show due ionoxidation to decreases special 5dwhich 6d transition areconfiguration because actinoids right due oxidation of have reactivity, and oxidation sizes a and or 2 7 s has The t h e to large t h e elements [Xe] +2Elements, oxidation +3 oxidation why andreference of of in of 7s to 6scompletely poorer decrease the across lanthanoids half-filledincrease respectively. negativeoxidation of numberstates. contraction subshells series. is Small state oxidation subshells. +2 do read 4 of state large greater period. fl of state the shielding of actinoids to the energy of On states in inoxidation lanthanoids The : 15d0-' of 4 6s2 general value state filled energy d-orbitals contraction in f t h e that Mn period. t h e of and t h e Zn text. oxidation A3 L from Zn with state andLanthanoids +2, of than d-orbitals negative is and sum for other 5f that more is E difference is effect differencelanthanoids exhibit actinoid state more element Thithe for (d") -3 the series the of Mn and and stateshand. most and of of at aqueousPredict Only solution? FeCo2* toempty incompletely which those d-orbitals charge ns. lowing alculate hich opper:3d"4sxhibits ! Which +1.opper Tithe in Ans. state Q.29 +2H,0 metals > MnO,+4 Ans. 4t 2MnO 7 +4H same element, increased + Cu 0 is Ans. or two Q.27 Ans. aqueous called ion are have one Q.26 tendency by in ? losing the Give configuration well same as Cu 2+ element +2 reduced reaction +1 3 Mn O 2Cu +6 What a strong VMn Mn get C Cr in stronglv for is aqueous is isvery to of oxidised 0.41 reagents srongly the reducing Thus Mn oxidisingtollowing form than has ligands,tendency unstable solution V the reducing a cobalt Thus tendencyagent. into morecobalt it in ? isbut to Cr ions. an 0S stable E Cr easily in while (1) (). form the has f o r to () greater 1 (i) (i) (0 (1) () () How electron.coordination toThe Therefore, compound. is Cobalt coordination ger oxidising Oxidised the EThe presence Therefore, Mn/ Cobalt reactions manganese isacquire oxidised Ofthewould value meant ions is of reduced tendency d' oxidised disproportionation () Chemistry Mn with d you LIsCXl (I) configuration number f o r stable agent. of isspecies, to in by Cr Ct in () t h e is d' cobalt has into complexingstable acoount compounds disproportionation' which +1.5 is to configuration as d" presence of is well oxidation as decreased. number solution. xidation number xidation S Che molecule Those lisproportionation reactions. xamples States lanthanods Ans. Ans. Q.25 26 uses. 104. 102,95, and f-block The numbers what Read ()Indicate the what Read contains Itseveral +3, The4f,5d +2Theoxidation The lanthanoids. statement examplessmooth elements. oxidisng agent. Itstate (ii) (i) (i) ransition(i) A features xidation ()respectively ()powerful elements The Give number Most is is ' and amphoteric/acidic Oxoanions and K,Crz0, highest is 102 KMn0, clectronic +4, state i o ns following The because Th e ctinoids in in ar e other of examples chemistry are Oxidation () and common t h e some t h e t h e ofare +3. are Mn exhibited o +5, in lowest of as of inner state The alloys highest is the unpaired 6s It the oxidation in Read text. from bythat innerelements text. oxides steps G 3d',3d',3d' from of +6 of sub-shells. configurations elements show is MnO, oxygen and state inner transition of Oxidation giving chemistry transition atomic oxide metal a of the pyrolusite ? because is in and in these metal transition andhizhe metal. state exhibits Name chromite ofthe suggest oxidation t h e of most the lanthanoid transition se states is elecirons Justify t h e t h s is of f +7. Crtext. fluorides. transition with are numbers elements. somefractinoid highly +7. in o m t h e stable and preparation of elements? an lanthanoids state of reasons of largeshown ore. ore. Cr,0} aqueos in elements.atomiccalled important Mn elements: are electronegative metals. for metal energyberweet gap is, 4, arDecide e the by numbers inner +6. of: fralbh Mention alloy the Oxdatv 29, is transto which o atom. 59 which 59. n o t a s u c h i t s 5f as . Y 0 aqueous and in why?and frequently transitionof electrons oxidation stable shows one metal loses l+ gaseous the of oxidation state most 4s the in number these electron ions is first of : t h e n,Cr,v* series unpaired and most ution? text.electronic the the 20. thatomic e 91, to electrons. Water (octthae hedral rul3d-orbitals e. ). the Hund' ups ions five pair it to corresponding elements you Mn, accordi n g cannot hydrated expectFeCo these ligand are how for and fil ed would d Name u=yn There basis the Husnlde'stronic se ement. elemenths of to (iv) (iii) (ii) ()(iv) (i) atomic sizes the ionisation thereElectronic Vanadium electronic Contiguration (Z electronic Iswhereas t h e shell in is In Cu) e.g., has Oxidation (78) (47). 3d Write d same vertical lonisation states. column enthalpies = ar e first4d05s0 groupelectronic ionisation Atomic and increases vertical and ar e elements of more in 41) elements Mo 4s and In electronic higher few vertical enthalpies Ni down series, that 5d (Zconfiguration f-Bloch isconfiguration whereas 10 (42), configuration column third is with exceptions Au = series 3d" 4d"5s. column. exceptions electronic with sizeenthalpies the configuration of of 23) than generally states (79). there of of Ru column increase series valence W enthalpies generally 4s that (Z is number the Elements8A5 and configuration. 4d 3dare (43), t h e In 3d whereas : = ar e The of in configuration of 74) seriesseries.larger increase elements exceptions : also,zenerally The group of 4s Rh in t h e shell of electronic two of The Ru is size thatomic e decrease of whereas show 3d is than (44), e.z, elernentsThe in (Z valence valence 5d'6s, of that exceptions and ( C r valence of The ofatomic in elements elements = : in of The electrons nearly 5d electronic atomic the Crthe 44) of Pd have similar ar e 3d The number. configuration, 2* series. atomic the zroup Pd second shel. that in (46) and of is shell in is shell W similar (Z 4d N2 in equal elementsnumber size 4d ofionisation group 3d of L valence a oxidation in (74), 5 But and = of t h e 5d 4s Nb of series generaily series. vertical But 5s, and Cu each 46) same Fe 8 si z e series Ag of Pt the of to in 4d t h e a of the 0.36 be followingions : a Indicate ElweakectronsTi,v*,Cr, occupied corresponding Ans. columns. exhibit +2 + Ce* Read Dy its 2) to in electron. lanthanoid electronic Possible and (Atomic Yb the 4fclose(i.e.,4f configuration configuration to magnetic in configurations = correlatethose the the oxidation Atomic number lose 3 to actinoids (Xel5f. (ie., to series = textoxidation number and : confguration 1.73 2 moment (table). thiswhichseries state electrons (i) 4f'or state (ii) with of of BM show state type of exhibit 58. this the electronic that 4f ). when which of these on 59. 60. of in +2 of Ans, 101, of vertical the th5f"6d' e points: second first 7s'. ela109.nedmentthes chemical andseries respective those (Rn) fol owing ofof +4 42 = 665 0,elements. behaviour = 63, element is(Xe] : Ce, oxidation t h e of respectively). and 66 +4 Nd, 69 Comment ofion, (nonly the Pr , ; configuration rule Wri t e state. the is 'spin-only and Sm, witoxidation h members +one 4f and Nd, last having Lr to states. t h e wi t h 2) 5d' t h e chemistry 70 andEu,Tm Tb (27 (ii) calculate derive or left is respectively). It unpaired =N1 on electronic 6s, = theelement electronic and is 103). formula. reference close oxidation+4 easy5d 6s Try state the the possible conthgurat ion, 0. Readin with Write 0 Lanthanoids 62, s-subshells. show oxidation Compareconfiguration lantahnoids 4f",4f' ,4f)Lanthanoids 34 S. Read reactivity. Iminetgener als al number s oxidation 2= the on charthe acterwiisthtics conf109:igurat61,ions states metals emphasis specialtransition ofthe Give third Compare the figurations. electronic ) idation states. ) series 35

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