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Question 1: Which subject deals with the study of Soil? Answer: Pedology is the subject deals with the study of soil. Question 2: What do you mean by Soil ? Answer: Soil means the uppermost layer of the earth s crust, which contains the organic as well as mineral matter necessary for the growth of plants. Question 3: What all conditions can alter the characteristics of Soil? Answer: The conditions of climate, topography, vegetation and underlying rock can alter the characteristics of Soil. Question 5: Which two types of Soils are the most important Soils? Answer: Alluvial Soil and Black Soil are the most important Soils. Question 6: What is meant by in Situ ? Answer: In situ are the Soils which are found where they are formed. Question 7: Mention two ways by which Soil can get nitrogen. Answer: Fertilizers and mixed farming. Question 8: What do you understand by Humus? Answer: Humus: The decaying of organic materials, e.g., dead leaves, stems, roots, living bacteria, fungi, worms etc., produce humus, which is important for Soil fertility. Question 9: Where are Alluvial Soils found in India? Answer: Alluvial Soils occupy the extensive tracts of Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Bengal, Orissa, and the coastal strips of Peninsular India. They also occupy parts of Gujrat and Rajasthan. Question 10: Name the Soil known for its self-ploughing quality and the capacity to hold moisture. Name any two cash crops for which it is specially suited. Answer: Black cotton Soil; Cotton and Sugarcane. Question 11: What is one disadvantage of Bhangar alluvium? Answer: Sometimes it has high content of sodium salts which makes it unproductive. Question 12: (i) Which minerals are found in Regur Soil? (ii) Name the important crops grown on it. Answer: (i) Iron, Calcium, Aluminium and Magnesium. (ii) Cotton, Sugarcane, Groundnut, Jowar and Bajra.
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