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Important Equations :2016 - Chemistry (Vidya Niketan School (VNS),Bangalore )

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Dhruv Shetty
Vidya Niketan School (VNS), Hebbal, Bangalore
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GENERAL REACTIONS I properties of dilute acids: (work sheet has been given for this) i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) Acid Acid Acid Acid Acid Acid Acid Acid + active metal H2 + salt + base salt + water + a carbonate CO2 + H2O + salt + bicarbonate CO2 + H2O + salt + sulphite SO2 + H2O + salt + bisulphite SO2 + H2O + salt + sulphide H2S + salt + thiosulphate S + SO2 + H2O + salt II properties of conc. H2SO4 (Refer to sulphuric acid lesson) i) Conc. H2SO4 as less volatile acid a) Any chloride + conc. H2SO4 HCl + salt NaCl + conc. H2SO4 HCl + NaHSO4 (temp <200oC) b) Any nitrate + conc. H2SO4 NaNO3 + salt NaNO3 + conc. H2SO4 NaNO3 + NaHSO4 (temp <200oC) ii) Conc. H2SO4 as dehydrating agent a) C12H22O11 + conc. H2SO4 12C + 11H2O + H2SO4 b) CuSO4.5H2O + conc. H2SO4 CuSO4 + 5 H2SO4 c) C2H5OH + conc. H2SO4 C2H4 + H2O + H2SO4 ( temp = 170oC) d) 2C2H5OH + conc. H2SO4 C2H5 O C2H5 + H2O + H2SO4 ( temp = 140oC) iii) Conc. H2SO4 as oxidizing agent a) C + Conc. 2H2SO4 CO2 +2 SO2 + 2H2O b) S + Conc.2 H2SO4 3 SO2 + 2H2O c) Cu + conc.2 H2SO4 CuSO4 +2 SO2 + 2H2O III Properties of conc. HNO3 (refer to nitric acid lesson) i) Conc. HNO3 as oxidizing agent a) C + conc. 4HNO3 CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O b) S + Conc.6 HNO3 H2SO4 + 6NO2 +2 H2O c) Cu + Conc. 2HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O IV properties of conc. HCl (Reducing agent)[ HCl gets oxidized to Cl2 by MnO2] i) Conc. 4HCl + MnO2 MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2 V properties of alkalis (refer to ammonia lesson) i) ii) iii) Alkali + ammonium salt NH3 + H2O + salt Alkali + acid salt + water Alkali + certain salt solutions metal hydroxide ppts + salt VI Properties of Ammonia i) Ammonia as a base a) NH3 + HCl NH4Cl b) NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 c) NH3 + HNO3 NH4NO3 ii) iii) Ammonia as a reducing agent with metal oxides ( Ammonia gets oxidised) a) 2NH3 + 3CuO 3Cu + N2 +3 H2O b) 2NH3 + 3PbO 3Pb + N2 + 3H2O c) 2NH3 + Fe2O3 2Fe +N2 +3 H2O Ammonia as a reducing agent with oxygen ( Ammonia gets oxidised) a) 4NH3 + 3O2 ( burn) 2N2 + 6H2O / 800 oC Pt iv) b) 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O Ammonia as a reducing agent with chlorine ( Ammonia gets oxidised) a) NH3 + Cl2( excess) NCl3 + HCl b) 8NH3 ( excess) + 3Cl2 6NH4Cl + N2 VII Properties of any reducing agent (C, CO, H2, NH3) i) Metal oxide + any Reducing agent heat Metal + oxidised product heat a) CuO + C Cu + CO Cu + CO2 + H2O + N2 heat b) CuO + CO heat c) CuO + H2 Cu heat d) CuO + NH3 Cu (Metal oxide could be Fe2O3, PbO, and CuO. For ZnO only C can be used) VIII Action of heat on nitrates. i) 2NaNO3 heat 2 NaNO2 + O2 heat ii) iii) 2KNO3 2Zn(NO3)2 2KNO2 + O2 heat 2ZnO + 4NO2 + O2 heat iv) v) 2Pb(NO3)2 2Cu(NO3)2 heat 2PbO +4 NO2 + O2 2CuO + 4NO2 +O2 IX Action of heat on carbonates: i) ii) K2CO3 heat No gas is liberated Na2CO3.10H2O heat Na2CO3 + 10H2O ( CO2 is not liberated) heat iii) ZnCO3 ZnO + CO2 + H2O iv) PbCO3 heat PbO + CO2 heat v) CuCO3 CuO + CO2

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